CHAPTER 2

Review of Related Literature

2.1

Related Literature
2.1.1

Foreign Literature

An Examination of the Use of Urban Entertainment Centres as a Catalyst for

Downtown Revitalization
John S. Bender
Blacksburg, Virginia
Downtown- where all the lights are bright may be lyrics in the popular 1960s
Petula Clark song, but they are ironic considering the song reached its popularity just as
the lights were dimming on many downtowns across the country. In another decade,
downtowns sat in ruins of their former glory.
As politicians, civic leaders, and the few remaining business and residents who
remained downtown tried creative endeavors to renew the old center of the city; those
who left for the suburbs shifted their thinking about the city as well. Downtown had
become desolate, crime-ridden, and often dangerous, especially at night. Once
fashionable neighborhoods lay in decay and the old bustling shopping districts became
home to the homeless, gangs, and drug addicts. It seemed like an impossible situation.
This paper presents an examination of one method used by cities to revitalize
downtown, beginning with a brief history of downtown, including background on other
revitalization and urban renewal programs and economic stimulants that are related to

urban entertainment centers. In addition, this paper presents a definition of the urban
entertainment center and how it differs from other attempts at renewal in terms of
definition and goals. Baltimore, Maryland and Denver, Colorado are two cities that have
used urban entertainment with varying degrees of success, and this paper discusses each
of them.
Finally, this paper presents an examination of some of the specific issues
associated with building and maintaining urban entertainment centers, and concludes with
a discussion of their effectiveness to be a catalyst for downtown revitalization.

Urban Entertainment Centers in major cities of Karnataka Final PreFeasibility

Study Report
Infrastructure Development Corporation (Karnataka) Limited
In order to provide better entertainment and shopping facilities to tourists (both
domestic and foreign) in Karnataka, it was suggested that an integrated system such as
an Urban Entertainment Center (UEC) should be developed in major cities in Karnataka.
Most cities in Karnataka have reasonable shopping and entertainment facilities like
amusement parks etc. However, there is no integrated centre where the visitors can take
the advantage of entertainment as well as retail shopping.
The facilities envisaged to be provided to the visitors of the UECs are retail stores,
theme/amusement parks, multiplexes, restaurants etc. In addition to these facilities which
may be common to all UECs, city/district specific components may also be added for eg: a
UEC in Mysore may contain a heritage specific retail store or museum.

Urban Entertainment Centers - Difficulties and Chances for Urban Development

Ingo Zasada
This term paper is attending to the relative new appearance of the Urban
Entertainment Center as a development of the entertainment market. Therefore the spatial
and economical externalities of one of the stepchildren of the urban planning should be
examined. To show the economic backgrounds the market developments will be
described from the demand and support side. How do societal, technological and time
changing factors or processes like concentration, globalisation and privatisation determine
the development of the entertainment market? According to the changed demands, the
market has produced constantly new forms of leisure time facilities. But only a certain
number of types like musical theatres or leisure parks has a spatial importance because of
its amount and size.
But the main focus keeps on Urban Entertainment Center as the new generation of
those facilities. A short introduction into the history and the main appearances should help
to define this almost inflationary used term. Emphasising the differences concerning the
major components and the location the influence of UECs to processes like
suburbanisation will be discussed. The core of this work is concentrating the externalities
within the urban development in the fields of the city structure, local economy as well as
traffic issues and how planners and politicians could handle the phenomenon of Urban
Entertainment Center.

Sony Center
Berlin, Germany

Figure 2.0 Sony Center, Germany

http://www.mimoa.e/images/28002_l.jpg
Sony Center contains a mix of shops, restaurants, a conference centre, hotel
rooms, luxurious rented suites and condominiums, offices, art and film museums,
cinemas, an IMAX theater, a Legoland Discovery Centre, and a "Sony Style" store. Free
Wi-Fi connections are available for all visitors. During major sports events like the 2006
FIFA World Cup, the centre also had a large television screen on which the games were
broadcast to viewers sitting in the large open area in the middle.
The Sony Center is located near the Berlin Potsdamer Platz railway station, which
can be accessed on foot. A large shopping centre is nearby, as are many hotels, the
Deutsche Bahn central offices, and an office building featuring the fastest lift in Europe.
Skyline Plaza
Frankfurt, Germany

Figure 4.0 Skyline Plaza, Germany

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skyline_Plaza_(Frankfurt)#/media/File:Frankfurt_Skyline_Pla
za.S%C3%BCdost.20140508.jpg
Skyline Plaza is a building complex in the western part of Frankfurt, Germany, near
the trade fair premises of Messe Frankfurt. It is planned to consists of four buildings:

Sihlcity

a shopping mall with around 180 shops and restaurants (opened on 29

August 2013) and a large spa (opening scheduled for February 2014)
a congress center for Messe Frankfurt (opening scheduled for June 2014)
a 212 m (696 ft) office tower (proposed)
a 160 m (520 ft) residential tower (proposed)

Zrich, Switzerland

Figure 3.0 Sihlcity, Switzerland

http://optec.ch/fileadmin/referenzen/sihlcity-4.jpg
Sihlcity is a major development on the site of the former "Zurich paper mill on the
Sihl in Zurich - Wiedikon .
Founded on the site of urban entertainment center was opened on 22 March 2007
and is the first of its kind in Switzerland. It covers approximately 100,000 m area with
services such as restaurants, shopping center, multiplex cinema, entertainment, fitness /
wellness and healthcare center, nightclub, hotel, chapel and pastoral offer, service areas
and 16 apartments.

2.1.2

Local Literature

Greenbelt (Ayala Center)

Ayala Center, San Lorenzo, Makati, Philippines

Figure 5.0 (Ayala Center), Makati, Philippines

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayala_Center#/media/File:Greenbelt_complex,_Philippines.jpg

The Ayala Center is a major commercial development operated by Ayala Land

located in the Makati Central Business District in Metro Manila, Philippines. The center is
now a premier shopping and cultural district in the metropolis because of its wide array of
shopping, entertainment and cultural offerings.
The Ayala Center is a recreational, shopping, dining, and entertainment
development located in the heart of Makati. Its location places it virtually at the heart of the
country's commercial and business center. It is bounded by Ayala Avenue on the east,
Epifanio de los Santos Avenue (EDSA) on the south, Arnaiz Avenue on the west, and to
north by Legazpi Street and Paseo de Roxas. The Ayala MRT Station of the MRT Line 3

serves the area. The development originally started with a number of separate shopping
arcades and Greenbelt Park before expanding to cover over 50 hectares{of facilities.
Today the complex now includes several malls, each with its own shopping and restaurant
arcades and cinemas; three department stores, a number of hotels; and the Ayala
Museum, showcasing exhibits on Philippine history and art.

Solaire Resort and Casino

Paraaque, Philippines

Figure 6.0 Solaire Resort and Casino, Paraaque, Philippines

http://www.asiatravel.com/us/hotels/philippines/manila/solaire_resort_and_casino/
Solaire is the first to open in the highly anticipated Entertainment City project along
the Philippines famed Manila Bay. The first phase includes approximately 500 luxuriously
appointed rooms, suites and bayside villas as well as resort-style pool facilities, bars and
entertainment lounges. In addition, there is a state-of-the-art ballroom and meeting space,

and a fully equipped spa and fitness center. The resort also features a world-class dining
experience at our signature, casual and quick serve restaurants. The new dining avenues
are headed by world-renowned chefs and showcase a comprehensive selection of
authentic local and international flavors to cater to even the most discerning palate. And to
give you the ultimate Las Vegas gaming experience, Solaires expansive 18,500 squaremeter casino area stretches two levels of gaming space, including premium VIP salons
and an outdoor themed casino and entertainment bar all loaded with the most popular
slot machines and table games, such as Baccarat, Blackjack, Pontoon and many more.

Midas Hotel and Casino

Pasay City, Philippines

Figure 7.0 Midas Hotel and Casino, Pasay City, Philippines

http://www.midashotelandcasino.com/location/
Midas Hotels location is where 3 key hubs of Metro Manila converge: Pasay City,
home to the Ninoy Aquino International Airport (NAIA) and the Manila Domestic Airport,
SM Mall of Asia, CCP Complex, and major embassies; the city of Manila, where the
Philippines most treasured cultural districts are found; and Makati City, the countrys
financial capital.
Situated along Roxas Boulevard at the coast of Manila Bay, the hotel is flocked by
the Japanese Embassy and San Juan de Dios Hospital. It faces the Bay, a few meters
from the intersection of Roxas Boulevard and EDSA.

Hotel and Leisure Complex

Rian Magcawas
Due to rapid urbanization of Lipa City and being the center of Region IV right in the
heart of Batangas Province. A proposed Hotel and Leisure complex where in the author is
concerned with the possibility, advanced technology and other primary consideration for
the benefit of the target users.
Contemporary structures us to consider the force of industrial revolution in
sparking the modernist movement. Essentially, to create a building is to create the body of
the building, and it is very difficult to pronounce a good or bad building. That is why an
innovative design to meet the demands of the people with art and comfort must be a
requirement in designing a Hotel and Leisure Complex.
The Hotel and Leisure Complex provides the comfort, health, welfare, safety and
smooth design features here do what the best occupied for hire as temporary abounding
place of individuals.
The business transaction to be seen here, the management from the clients and
the client to client . In addition, this project operation is giving a service to accommodate
the people who want a place for stay.
The study, would like to present architectural planning considerations. The site
planning, the economic feasibility of the proposed project and other related topics, such as
space programming and the application of the theory concepts.

Sky Garden Hotel "A Proposed Seven Star Deluxe Hotel"

John Nel B. Marasigan

Based on "INQUIRER.net, Philippine Daily Inquirer 3:12 AM | Monday, July 18th,
2011. The Department of Tourism (DOT) is gearing up to raise the number of tourists who
will sample the Philippines' undiscovered treasures and hidden gems to some 6.5 million
international arrivals, and more than 32 million domestic travellers by 2016. In an interview
Sunday on dzIQ 990 AM, tourism secretary Alberto Lim said the DoT was focusing on
three strategies to turn the Philippines into a "must experience" destination in Asia. "We're
playing catch-up with tourism powerhouses, like Malaysia, which registered 23 million
visitors last year, and Singapore, which had 15 million visitors." said Lim. "Our target is to
hit 6.5 million international arrivals by the end of president Aquino's term.
For these coming few years, most of all in 2016 our government plans to achieve
the 6.5 million international arrivals, and more than 32 million domestic travellers.
Because of this, our tourism industry would encounter several problems during the arrival
of our tourists. The major problem is the question, how can we provide accommodations
for those travellers that will enter in our country with good quality service. It is very
essential that our travellers will have a place to stay that will provide their needs.

Sta. Rosa Symbio Complex

John Jefferson O. Apostol

A place to meet, a place to socialize, and a place to interact - it is a necessity for
an individual to provide the resources required for acting and participating within the
society in which he is included. Interconnection of culture and knowledge - these are the
essential parts of human evolution and advancement, thus it is very crucial for us to be
able to provide a place or a structure in which we can be able to bring together different
ideas and merge them together to be the answer to the future's growth.
Presenting in a proposed "Sta. Rosa Symbio Complex" a Proposed Convention
Center, Shopping Mall and Hotel Complex, a place where one can experience the
combination of business with the recreation, shopping and entertainment. "Symbio" meaning to live together - has gained significance as a relationship of mutual benefit and
dependence. This complex features a convention center, a shopping mall, a hotel and
other structures incorporated in the site, which are interrelated to each other to
demonstrate a symbiotic effect. Designing this complex as a quality, developmentally, and
culturally appropriate environment, whether as corporate or for leisure, is no easy task.
But this place will beguile everybody's senses and will wrap them with the lasting feeling
of fun and satisfaction. If its business together with fun is what you seek, "Sta. Rosa
Symbio Complex" is the place to be.

2.2

Synthesis

Several related information from the local and foreign studies were gathered to
somehow firmly support the proponents proposed development project for the LEED
Urban Entertainment Center and Five-Star Hotel.
The first few information that was gathered related to the proposed project are
from thesis studies which tackles about UEC (Urban Entertainment Centers). Its potential
to contribute in the Urban Development also stating that a UEC is a key ingredient to
downtown revitalization according to John S. Bender with his study "An Examination of
the Use of Urban Entertainment Centres as a Catalyst for Downtown Revitalization."
Another study is Ingo Zasada study about UEC's of its Opportunities and Disadvantages.
Related projects from other countries were also used by the proponent as
information pieces, the Sony Center in Berlin, Germany, Sihlcity in Zrich, Switzerland and
the Skyline Plaza Frankfurt, Germany. The Sony Center and the Sihlcity has similarities
with the proponent's proposed project because of its entertainment features and the hotel
to accommodate visitors. While the Skyline Plaza also contains different entertainment
features it also contains wellness centers and residential and an office tower.
Different projects from the Philippines were also used to serve as a comparison to
the proposed project, the Greenbelt (Ayala Center) for its entertainment features, the
Solaire Resort and Casino and the Midas Hotel and Casino for its hotel and entertainment
features that also accommodates tourist from local and foreign.
Thesis studies by other past Architecture students of Batangas State University
were also used as guidelines for the thesis project. Rian Magcawas' Hotel and Leisure
Complex, John Nel B. Marasigan's Sky Garden Hotel, and John Jefferson O. Apostol's
Sta. Rosa Symbio Complex all of them having relevant information for the study, like other

information pieces, the studies of past students are in line with the proponents project
proposal, all of them tackling issues about tourism and business on how to accommodate
visitors on how to bring entertainment and hospitality to merge as one.