Cyber Infrastructure For The Power Grid: Data Management and Computing (Computation") February 26, 2014, and Beyond
Cyber Infrastructure For The Power Grid: Data Management and Computing (Computation") February 26, 2014, and Beyond
Administrivia
Contact info
A little background on me
Utilities
Felix F. Wu, Khosrow Moslehi, and Anjan Bose. Power System Control Centers: Past,
Present, and Future. Proceedings of the IEEE, 93(11), Nov. 2005, 1890-1908. Sec
1-4, 6, 8. Note: inside the wsu.edu domain downloading is free, outside $$.
2.
3.
4.
CDKB5: George Coulouris, Jean Dollimore, Tim Kindberg and Gordon Blair,
Distributed Systems: Concepts and Design Fifth Edition, published by Addison
Wesley, May 2011 (Chapters 1-2). WSU bookstore; www.cdk5.net
5.
6.
7.
Todays Content
Quick review of earlier big picture & Intro (I)
Control Center Evolution (II)
Gas or CC
Nuclear
Coal
Basics
Generation &
transmission
Substations &
transformers
Control centers
http://tcip.mste.illinois.edu/
Credit: Jim McCally, Iowa State
control centers
Introduction (I)
Impetus to have control centers came from big 1965
blackout in northeastern US
Energy Management System (EMS) resulted
Fairly
power reserves
Ancillary services: additional capabilities
(often inter-utility) to help ensure reliability
(e.g., load following)
business
management
systems
ISO/RTO operates
market
MOS: market
operations system
Market
participants:
Gencos, Trancos,
LSEs, ISO/RTO, etc
SCUC:
securityconstrained unit
commit ~ 5min
SCED: securityconstrained
economic
dispatch
Data acquisition
Generation control: NERC role balancing authority (BA)
Network (security) analysis and control: NERC role
reliability authority
State estimation
Contingency analysis / security analysis
BMSs
have
LANs connecting
IEDs to RTU
Formerly: wires!
61850 .
RTU
P2P network
link to front end
(FE) to CC LAN
SCADA developed
when utilities
vertically
integrated
monopolies;
structure same
utility to deregulation
Divestitures, mergers, acquisitions
Control centers with non-contiguous territories
New participants coming, some disappear
all generalizations are false
But now all control centers have to cope with changing
business architecture (ouch!) above, below, and with
peers
have to
integrate in new
ways
Vertically (both
above and below)
Horizontally (new!)
E.g.,
NASPI (North
American
Synchrophasor
Initiative) and
similar emerging
no shared memory
A centralized EMS and BMS suite in one room matches
(oops)
acquisition not
tightly coupled with EMS
Now: IP/DNP3 SCADA
Soon: NASPInet/GridStat
of collection
DFRs: 720+ Hz
F/Net: 1440 Hz
Some home sensor apps ~5K Hz; broader uses?
Latency
required
Criticality of application
Quantity of data Geographic distance shared over
Degree of sharing (#subscribers) per sensor
the power folks and ICT folks both do what they are
good at!
ethernet PPP