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Manual

The document provides instructions for using an assembler software. It details how to write assembly code including labels, comments and directives. It also describes assembler directives like @NEXT, @BEGIN and @EQU. The document explains how to compile, execute and debug programs using the software.

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Ârnāb Singha
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71 views

Manual

The document provides instructions for using an assembler software. It details how to write assembly code including labels, comments and directives. It also describes assembler directives like @NEXT, @BEGIN and @EQU. The document explains how to compile, execute and debug programs using the software.

Uploaded by

Ârnāb Singha
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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USERS MANUAL

MEMORY AREA: 0000 - FFFF


Please keep these points in mind while entering the instruction code:
1. The Opcode, Operand-1 and Operand-2 must be separated from each other using space
or comma.
2. A line should contain only a single instruction.
3. Redundant spaces and commas in instructions are neglected.
4. Instructions are not case sensitive.
5. If not specified, the instructions are loaded at location 0000.
6. If not specified, execution starts from location 0000.
7. By default, Stack Pointer is FFFF.
8. Labels: Label names should end with a colon. There should NOT be a space between
label name and colon.
Eg:
LABEL1: MOV A,B
9. Comments: Comments should be preceded by a semicolon. Everything that comes after
a semicolon till the end of the line is regarded as a comment.
In cases where an instruction has two operands, everything that comes after the second operand is
regarded as a comment. But still it is a good practice to use semicolon to start a comment.
Eg:
ADD C ;This is a comment
10. Some Assembler Directives can be used in this software. These directives MUST begin
with a '@' symbol. The Assembler Directives supported are - @NEXT, @BEGIN and
@EQU. These are described below.

ASSEMBLER DIRECTIVES
Assembler Directives supported are - @NEXT, @BEGIN and @EQU. These assembler
directives are not compiled to generate hexcode.

@NEXT
Syntax:

@NEXT <Memory_Address>

This assembler directive specifies where the next instruction is to be assembled in memory. The
instructions after this directive are assembled at the memory location starting from the specified
location.
This directive is used when one block of instructions have to be loaded at one location and
another block of instructions have to be loaded at another location. The user has to just add the
@NEXT directive before these blocks of instructions.
When a number of @NEXT is used and there is no @BEGIN in the program, then the location
specified in the last @NEXT statement is taken as the execution start address.
@BEGIN
Syntax:

@BEGIN <Memory_Address>

This assembler directive is used to specify the memory location from where execution begins.
This directive can be given anywhere in the program. If more than one @BEGIN is used, then only the
last one is considered.
@EQU
Syntax:

<Label>: @EQU <Value>

This assembler directive is used to declare constants. The symbol name is given as a label. The
'Value' can be either a 2-digit or a 4-digit hexadecimal number. The Symbol Name can now be used any
where in the program except Assembler Directives.
Eg:
PORT1: @EQU 02
OUT PORT1

User's Guide
The user can enter the program in the mnemonic textbox. To save the program and to open a
file, the File Menu provides the Save and Open commands for the respective actions. The files, by
default, end with '.sim' extension. But any text file is supported.
When the user types the program, it gets compiled automatically. User can also manually
compile the program. The program is also compiled before execution. If there is any error in
instructions then the errors along with their line number will be specified in the Messages window. If
there are no errors, then the hexcodes are generated and loaded into memory. The user can execute the
program as a whole or can perform Single Line Execution. The Stop Execution button can be used to
stop the execution of the program midway.
While execution, Interrupts can be provided manually using the buttons in the 'Interrupts' area,
which is found in the right hand side of the window.
To change the contents of Registers and Memory, user can use the corresponding actions found
in 'Manage' Menu. This menu also provides facility to change Clock Frequency of the simulator.
To manage the contents of port use the 'Ports' tab in the right hand side of the window. There are
also tabs which show the contents of Stack and Symbol Table. These two can be handy to the user
while writing, executing and debugging the program.

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