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Consistency, Accuracy and Sensitivity

- The document discusses measuring physical quantities using appropriate instruments like Vernier calipers and micrometer screw gauges. It explains the concepts of accuracy, consistency, and sensitivity when taking measurements. - Accuracy refers to how close a measurement is to the actual value, while consistency is the ability of an instrument to produce similar readings with little variation. Sensitivity is the precision of an instrument. - The document provides examples and explanations of zero errors that can occur with Vernier calipers and how to properly take readings using Vernier calipers and micrometer screw gauges. It also includes sample questions to test understanding.

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dausenu
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3K views

Consistency, Accuracy and Sensitivity

- The document discusses measuring physical quantities using appropriate instruments like Vernier calipers and micrometer screw gauges. It explains the concepts of accuracy, consistency, and sensitivity when taking measurements. - Accuracy refers to how close a measurement is to the actual value, while consistency is the ability of an instrument to produce similar readings with little variation. Sensitivity is the precision of an instrument. - The document provides examples and explanations of zero errors that can occur with Vernier calipers and how to properly take readings using Vernier calipers and micrometer screw gauges. It also includes sample questions to test understanding.

Uploaded by

dausenu
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 46

Learning objective

• At the end of this lesson student should be


able to:
– Measure physical quantities using
appropriate instrument
– Explain accuracy and consistency
– Explain sensitivity
Differentiate the distribution of
gunshot below

Figure (a) Figure (b)


Explanation
Figure (a)
• Shots are closer to the target but scattered
from each other.
• In other word, we can say all shot are
accurate
Figure(b)
• All shots are close to each other but far from
the target
• In other word, we can say that all shots are
consistent
What exactly means of consistency
and accuracy???
Introduction
• Every measurement of a physical
quantity is an estimation only.
• No measurement is exactly accurate and
consistent
• For example, 500 g of rice bought from a
retail shop maybe 500.1 g or 499.9 g
Consistency
• If all the reading are the same or if the
variations are small, then the measurements
are consistent
• Consistency of the measuring instrument is
the ability of the instrument to produce
reading that are consistent with little or no
variations.
• Precise electronic measuring instruments
such as the electronic balance usually
produce consistent reading.
Electronics balances
Accuracy
• The accuracy of measuring instrument is the
ability of the instrument to give
measurements of a physical quantity which
are close to the actual value.
• How to increase accuracy during take a
reading? To increase accuracy during take a
reading is take a reading many time (at least 3
times)
According to the picture
beside, interpret the
distribution of gun shots.

• From the picture above we can say that the


distribution of gun shots is accurate and consistent.
• This because all gun shots closest each other and
closest to the target.
Which of the following picture show us
not accuracy but consistent?
A B

C D
Which of the following picture show us
accuracy and consistent?

A B

C D
Which of the following picture show us
accuracy but not consistent?

A B

C D
Example :
• The actual height of the table is 56.2cm.
Two students, Ahmad and Bakri measure
the height of the table and obtain the
following data:

Ahmad 56.3cm 56.2cm 56.1cm 56.4cm


(x)
Bakri 57.0cm 57.0cm 57.1cm 57.1cm
(.)
Solution

For Ahmad,
• His reading are considered accurate because they are
very close to the actual reading
• His reading are considered not consistent because
there are variations between the readings
For Bakri,
• His reading are considered inaccurate because they are
far from the actual reading
• His readings are considered more consistent because
they are concentrated on two values only
Quiz
1. If a group of students from your class leave for
Japan by plane, how are the readings on their
watches when they arrive in Japan?

A. Accurate but not consistent


B. Consistent but not accurate
C. Not consistent and not accurate
D. Accurate and consistent

Answer: B
Part of Vernier Callipers with their functions

Screw clamp to ensure that reading does not change


while the scale is being read
Method of Reading
Vernier Calipers
1. Determine the reading on the main scale,
which is the value on the main scale just
before the zero mark on the Vernier scale

The reading on main scale = 2.3cm


2. Determine the reading on the Vernier scale,
which is the marking on the Vernier scale which
coincides with a marking on the main scale.

Vernier scale reading = 0.4 mm


= 0.04 cm
3. The total reading is obtained by adding the
reading on the main scale with the reading on
the Vernier scale.
Will a measurement taken using this Vernier
calipers be accurate? Why?
• No, because this Vernier calipers has zero
error. The ‘0’ mark on the main scale is not
in line with the ‘0’ mark on the vernier scale
when jaws of the vernier calipers is closed
Zero Error on the Vernier Calipers

• There are two type of zero error on the Vernier


calipers :
– Positive Zero Error
– Negative Zero Error
Positive zero error
Negative zero error In case you
get the
negative
zero error,
the value
you obtain
from
Vernier
caliper
must be
subtract
with 0.1
Micrometer screw Gauge
How reading Micrometer Screw Gauge

0.5

Main scale ade dua scale:


• Atas : yg mane setiap scale ni bermula dgn
0,1,2………
• Bawah: yg bwh pula setiap satu bernilai 0.5
• Semasa mengambil bacaan di ‘main scale’ pastikan scale yg
kat bawah tu nampak atau tidak. Klau nampak, nilai yg kat
bawah kena tmbh dgn nilai yg kat atas.
• So, skrg bacaan di ‘main scale’ ialah 1.5
• Then take a reading on thimble scale. Bacaan yg kita
ambil adalah line on thimble scale yang coinside dgn
garis tengah on the main scale.
• Berdsarkn gmbr diatas, 37 adalah garis yg coinsides…
• Then, 37 X 0.01 = 0.37 , ini kerana setiap scale line
bernilai O.O1 mm
• Reading on main scale + Reading on thimble
scale
• 1.5 + 0.37 = 1.87 mm
Positive zero error

If ‘0’ mark
on main
scale is
locate above
than ‘0’
mark on
thimble
scale, you
will get
positive zero
error
Negative zero error
If ‘0’ mark
on main
scale is
locate
below than
‘0’ mark on
thimble
scale, you
will get
negative
zero error
1. Students measure the same book. But why they
get different reading?
• Because use the different type of instruments.
2. Which instruments is sensitive? Why?
• Micrometer screw gauge because can read up
to 3 decimal place.
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