International

OPEN

Journal

ACCESS

Of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER)

Integration of Struts & Spring & Hibernate for Enterprise

Applications
Deepak Kasgar1, Harish Chandra Maurya2
(Department of Computer Science and Engineering,Bhagwant University, India
(Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Bhagwant University, India

ABSTRACT: The proposal of this paper is to present Spring Framework which is widely used in
developing enterprise applications. Considering the current state where applications are developed using
the EJB model, Spring Framework assert that ordinary java beans(POJO) can be utilize with minimal
modifications. This modular framework can be used to develop the application faster and can reduce
complexity. This paper will highlight the design overview of Spring Framework along with its features that
have made the framework useful. The integration of multiple frameworks for an E-commerce system has
also been addressed in this paper. This paper also proposes structure for a website based on integration of
Spring, Hibernate and Struts Framework.
Keywords- Spring Framework, IOC, Struts, Hibernate, E-commerce

I. Introduction
Frameworks are abstraction layer on existing technology. If developers directly works on technologies
of java then project development time and cost will increase time to time.Non Invasive Frameworks does not
force a developer to extend this class from a framework specific class or implement a framework specific
interface.Spring framework is a complete and a modular framework. It means complete application can be
developed using spring framework or some selective operations of the project can be developed using this
modular framework.Even though java enterprise is widely used, it has some limitations such as transaction
support, security, distributed computing [1],[5].Spring framework has few advantages over other frameworks
like:
1) Simplicity using POJO
2) Testability without using 3rd party servers or container
3) Dependency Injection
Spring framework has a layered architecture so when an E-commerce application is developed using
spring framework it has clear separation of presentation layer, business layer, persistence layer. The layered
architecture of spring framework allows users to select about which of its components users can use.

II. Related Work

2.1 Architecture of Spring Framework
The architecture of spring has seven modules. The modules are as follows [2]:
Core Container
Spring Context
Spring AOP
Spring DAO
Spring ORM
Spring Web
Spring MVC

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Integration of Struts & Spring & Hibernate for Enterprise Applications

Fig 1 Architecture of Spring Framework

2.2Features of spring framework
Spring is open source development framework that offers a lot of functions to programmers. A member
of EJB team called Rod Thomson, has started company with name Interface21, and started experiment on
ordinary java classes (POJO) to provide enterprise services to industry applications. Finally he succeeded in
process of creating complex enterprise java application model as Spring Framework. The features of Spring
Framework are the Inversion of Control, Aspect oriented programming and Spring MVC.
Aspect oriented Programming: This module provides separation of business logic services from the business
operation. If services are implemented as part of business method then the following problem will arise [10].
Boiler Plate code of Service
Business class becomes complex.
Managing business service become complex.
Example: consideringanexample of Banking System.
The various types of services such as Security, login, Transactions, Business operations are common in every
transaction.Then the normal system for this would be as follows [6]:

Inversion of Control: The central part of Spring Framework is Spring Container. It manages how beans
are created configured and managed in a spring container. This module provides the functional/basics part of the
spring framework called Dependency Injection.
The same system with the help of AOP can be drawn as follows: All the four functionalities are provided to one
class named as service [6].

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Integration of Struts & Spring & Hibernate for Enterprise Applications

2.3 Spring MVC Model
The Spring Framework provides its own MVC model. The major components of Spring MVC are as follows
[3]:
DispatcherServlet- DispatcherServlet uses HandlerMapping and forwards the request to concerned controller.
Controller- It handles the request and is created by user. They are objects that can respond to the actions a user
takes like form filling or clicking a link.
View- It can be imagined as method of presenting the output to the users.
ModelAndView- Model means data which is accessible in that view. Model is the data in the form of key/value
pair
ViewResolver- ViewResolver is a bean which finds an appropriate view for the logical name set for
ModelAndView object.
HandlerMapping- Whenever DispatcherServlet receives incoming requests it associates the request to individual
controllers with the help of this component.
The MVC model of Spring Framework can be shown as below [6]:

2.4Spring and xml

XML stands for Extensible Markup Language. XML is widely used in frameworks for configuring
information. The information can be processed by parsers. Xml files can be modified and the change can be
seen throughout the application. Xml files need not to be complied so time needed in deployment to servers can
be saved. There are three types of xml files:
web.xml file
applicationContext.xml file
DispatcherServlet.xml file
web.xml:
Whenever a request is made by a user then web.xml file forwards the request to DispatcherServlet which is
being specified in the web.xml file. The web.xml file specifies the xml version number and name of
DispatcherServlet [3].
The DispatcherServlet can be configures as shown:
<servlet>
<servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name><servlet-class>
org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
The name of servlet is given as dispatcher and load-on-startup indicates that it should be the first to execute
when called.
The type of URLs that can be handled by the DispatcherServlet can be shown using
<url-pattern> element.
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name>
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Integration of Struts & Spring & Hibernate for Enterprise Applications

<url-pattern>/send/*</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
ApplicationContext.xml:
ApplicationContext containers can provide multiples functionality like AOP, Messaging, Scheduling, Event
Handling, and Internationalization [3].
<bean id="superClass" class="packagename.SuperClass" />
<bean id ="subClass" class=" packagename.SubClass">
</bean>
<property name="superClass" ref="superClass"/>
</beans>
This file loads the bean of SuperClass.java and SubClass.java.
DispatcherServlet.xml:
When a request is sent from a browser front controller servlet of spring MVC called DispatcherServlet traps the
given request. DispatcherServlet takes the help of Handler Mapping class to find a suitable controller for
handling the request[3].
<bean id="viewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="prefix">
<value>/WEB-INF/views/</value></property>
<property> name="suffix"><value>.jsp</value></property>
</bean>
<bean id="urlMapping" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping">
<property name="mappings">
<props><prop key ="/*">dispatchController</prop>
</props>
</property>
</bean>
<bean id="dispatchController" class=" packagename.DispatchController"></bean>
</beans>
2.5 E-Commerce System Using Spring and other frameworks
This modular framework can be used with many other frameworks for making of an E-commerce
application such as struts and hibernate.
Struts framework: This framework divides web system into three layers: Model, View and Controller. Model
consists of JavaBeans, EJB; View consists of JSP files; Controller is carried out by Actions [4].
The architecture of struts can be shown as below [2]:

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Integration of Struts & Spring & Hibernate for Enterprise Applications

The structure of Hibernate can be shown as below [2]:

Hibernate

Fig 6 Structure of Hibernate

Hibernate framework: This framework minimize thecomplications and difficulty of writing the SQL
statements. It charts Java classes to database tables efficiently. It is mainly associated with databases [3],[4].
Integration of Struts, Spring and Hibernate
Struts, Spring and Hibernate frameworks can be integrated together to develop an E-commerce
applications The struts framework with an efficient MVC can help in developing the presentation tier. The
Spring framework can take care about business logic. The Hibernate framework can help in persisting dataand
retrieving the data to and from database respectively.
The architecture based on integration of above frameworks can be shown as below [1]:

Fig 7 Architecture based on Spring, Struts and Hibernate.

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Integration of Struts & Spring & Hibernate for Enterprise Applications

III.

PROPOSED SYSTEM

Spring framework which is modular and having a multitier architecture can be used with multiple other
frameworks such as Struts, Hibernate. Although spring has its own MVC which can be used in developing the
entire application.
The proposed system can be considered here with the help of a website such as that of a Shopping Cart where
user requests items and buys items. It generally has three layer i.e. presentation layer, business layer and
database layer.
A. Presentation layer:
The Presentation Tier is generally responsible for displaying the output on screen in a look and feel
appearance. User Interface is the user sees when they open a web page in the browser. It is what is presented to
the user on the client side within their web browser. It is responsible for handling requests and forwarding the
response back to client. It provides with the views that can be provided to the users such as Jsp, HTML
documents. The presentation layer can be done using either spring MVC or struts.
B. Business layer:
The business layer is also called as functional Process Logic, Business Rules and all the logic related to
functionality can be kept in Business layer. In this layer we can typically define POJO, beans, interfaces,
classes, functions, procedures, properties file. The business layer can be handled using spring framework
because it has various features such as scheduling, dependency injection, internationalization, distributed
transactions.
C. Data Access layer:
The data access layer or persistence layer can used for connectivity with any database. It can handle several
operations called by user including creation of databases.
The general architecture for the three tier can be as follows:

The proposed architecture for the website consisting of the three layers is as follows:

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Integration of Struts & Spring & Hibernate for Enterprise Applications

The above architecture can be explained as follows in terms of model, view and controller.
A) Responsibilities of Model
Reads data sent by a controller.
Apply business logic for the given data.
If required store/read data from database
Returns the result of business operation back to controller.
B) Responsibilities of View
Read the data produced by a model.
Apply presentation required for data.
Render the response to browser.
C) Responsibilities of Controller
Accept the request send by a client.
Find suitable model for a request.
Calls appropriate model component.
Gets the result from model.
Call suitable view to display the result.
Form Field Validation- Struts provide two ways of validations:
Client Side.
Server Side.
Now days struts framework is used in presentation layer of application but there are many other competitor for
it like: Spring Framework which has its own MVC, Stripes, and Wicket. But Struts has its own limitations
which can be stated as:
1) Testing is impossible without server.
2) Struts version 1.x supports less number of views as compared to Spring MVC.
3) Documentation is not properly organized so difficulty arises for developers.
Benefits of Spring MVC over Struts are as follows1) Spring MVC uses interface approach which avoids concrete inheritance between action and form objects.
2) Using Spring IOC testing of objects without server is possible.
Although Spring MVC has its own added advantages it also comes with some limitations such1) Spring MVC requires extensive XML configuration files which can become tedious.
2) Spring MVC does not support AJAX-Asynchronous JavaScript which is a newer trend in developing web
application
3) The Spring framework acts as a good contender for the middle tier because of its Aspect Oriented
Programming and Inversion of Control.
The main approach of developing application using Spring Framework is as follows:
1) The Spring framework provides its own MVC. Developers sometime feel more comfortable with some other
framework such as Struts so spring easily get integrated with such frameworks.
2) The Spring framework has the main functionality as Inversion of Control and Aspect Oriented Programming
which can be effectively used to handle the business objects.
3) The Spring framework can also be easily integrated with other ORM tool such as Hibernate, iBATIS.
The ORM tool is a tool that performs mapping from Object to relational tables. Hibernate is one such ORM tool.
The spring framework follows DAO module which can be helpful to connect any ORM tool.
The Hibernate ORM tool can be easily integrated with spring with the help of XML mapping. The spring
framework when used with Hibernate for data access and Struts for Web presentation can help in developing
web application in an efficient manner.

IV. Discussion
The spring framework has MVC model. Struts framework which is used for presentation tier also has
MVC model. But there are some differences between the two with regards to the MVC model. The differences
can be explained as follows[17]:
1) The Spring MVC supports more number of views than that of the struts1.x such as struts1.x only supports
JSP and Tiles, but spring MVC supports Velocity, PDF, excel in addition to JSP and Tiles.
2) Spring MVC is well organized as compared to struts.
3) Struts framework has been around for long time, so it is easy for use as compared to spring because
documentation of spring has to be read before using it.
4) Spring MVC web tier are easier to test because the testing can be performed without server.
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Integration of Struts & Spring & Hibernate for Enterprise Applications

5) With the help of spring MVC all tiers can be used, but struts can only be used for web tier.
The above differences between struts web tier and spring MVCare minimal. Making comparison between struts
2.x and spring both of them are very much same with the arrival of changes from struts 1.x to struts 2.x
The spring framework has its own JDBC module for data access but it can be compared with Hibernate based on
how connection is done between database and application.
JDBC vs Hibernate
1) If developer go with JDBC connection he has to write code to map object into relational tables, Hibernate
map object into relational tables using the xml files so developers needs to write the code to map java classes to
database tables.
2) Scalability of Hibernate is very good for high performance applications as compared to JDBC.

V. Architectural Benefits Of Spring

There are multiple architectural benefits of spring framework. They can be described as following [3]:
1) Spring Framework can be efficientlyintegrate with other frameworks such as struts, hibernate.
2) Spring provides easy access to database by using hibernate framework and avoiding the handling of error
mechanism.
3) Applications developed using spring framework depends on few APIs.
4) Due to its Inversion of Control feature the amount of time needed for testing the code is less.
5) Because Spring is a layered architecture users can select which of its components can be used.
6) The Spring Web MVC framework isflexible,robustand well designed for rapidly developing web
applications.
7) Spring Framework can work effectively with J2EE for developing applications in an effective manner.

VI. Conclusions
Being a modular framework spring is a powerful framework for developing enterprise applications. It
can also be easily integrated with hibernate, struts and frameworks for developing complete enterprise
applications thereby reducing the coupling and clear separation of layers. Due to its lightweight feature it is easy
to use. Web servers such as Tomcat can also be used during integration of spring with other frameworks.
Considering the present scenario wherein there is struts2 framework that can be implemented for web tier spring
framework can be used effectively for all the three tiers to build an efficient enterprise application. The spring
framework can be easily be integrated with any ORM tool such as Hibernate, iBATIS.

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