PATHOLOGY BOARD EXAMINATION

Instructions: Choose the best answer.

1. A 50-year old man has blood pressure of 150/90 mm Hg. If this person remains untreated for
years, which of the following cellular alterations will be seen in the myocardium?
A. atrophy
B. metaplasia
C. hypertrophy
D. dysplasia
Answer: C
Reference: RPBD 7th p.7
2. On day 28 of her menstrual cycle, a 26-year old woman experiences menstrual bleeding
which lasts for 5 days. She has had regular cycles for many years. Which of the following
processes is most likely occurring in the endometrium just before onset of bleeding?
A. apoptosis
B. heterophagocytosis
C. liquefactive necrosis
D. hyperplasia
Answer: A
Reference: RPBD 7th p.26-27
3. At autopsy, a 60-year old man has an enlarged (2500 g) liver with yellow cut surface. Before
death, his total serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels were normal, but he had decreased
serum albumin concentration and prolonged prothrombin time. Which of the following
activities most likely lead to these findings?
A. playing golf
B. cigarette smoking
C. drinking gin
D. aspirin ingestion
Answer: C
Reference: RPBD 7th p.35-36
4. A 70-year old woman suddenly lost consciousness and on awakening one hour later, she
could not speak nor move her right arm and leg. Two months later, a head MRI showed a
large cystic area in the left parietal lobe. Which of the following pathologic processes has
most likely occurred in the brain?
A. karyolysis
B. fat necrosis
C. apoptosis
D. liquefactive necrosis
Answer: D
Reference: RPBD 7th p.22
6. A 21-year old woman complains of pain during menses (dysmenorrhea). To treat this
symptom, she was advised to take indomethacin. This drug may help reduce her pain
because it interferes with the production of which one of the following substances?
A. bradykinin
B. histamine
C. leukotrienes
D. estrogen
Answer: A
Reference: RPBD 7th p.65
7. What type of leukocyte actively participates in acute inflammatory processes and contains
myeloperoxidase within its primary (azurophilic) granules and alkaline phosphates in its
secondary (specific) granules?
A. lymphocytes
B. neutrophils
C. eosinophils
D. monocytes
Answer: B
Reference: RPBD 7th p.73

8. A 3-year old child touches a lit candle. Within several hours, there is marked erythema of the
skin of the fingers on the childs left hand, and small blisters appear on the finger pads.
Which of the following terms best describe the process?
A. fibrinous inflammation
B. ulceration
C. abscess formation
D. serous inflammation
Answer: D
Reference: RPBD 7th p.76
9. A woman who is allergic to cats visits a friend who keeps several pet cats. During the visit,
she inhales cat dander and within minutes, she develops nasal congestion and abundant
nasal secretions. Which of the following substances is most likely to produce these findings?
A. tumor necrosis factor
B. bradykinin
C. histamine
D. complement C5a
Answer: C
Reference: RPBD 7th p.63
10. After receiving incompatible blood, a patient develops a transfusion reaction in the form of
back pain, fever, shortness of breath and hematuria. Which of the following statements
best classifies this type of immunologic reaction?
A. systemic anaphylactic reaction
B. complement-mediated cytotoxicity reaction
C. systemic immune complex reaction
D. delayed type hypersensitivity reaction
Answer: B
Reference: RPBD 7th p.210
12. A patient presents with a large wound on the left leg as a result of a vehicular accident.
Initially his wound is filled with granulation tissue, which is composed of proliferating
fibroblasts and new blood vessels (angiogenesis). Which of the following is a growth
factor that is capable of inducing all the steps necessary for angiogenesis?
A. vascular endothelial growth factor
B. platelet-derived growth factor
C. epidermal growth factor
D. transforming growth factor
Answer: A
Reference: RPBD 7th p.95
13. A 16-year old patient has lacerations on his hand which required sutures. The sutures
were removed after 10 days. Wound healing continued but the site was disfigured by a
prominent, raised nodular scar which developed over the next 2 months. Which of the
following terms best describes the process that occurred within this 2-month period?
A. organization
B. resolution
C. keloid formation
D. dehiscence
Answer: C
Reference: RPBD 7th p.114
14. A 17-year old woman receiving corticosteroid therapy for an autoimmune disease has an
abscess on her upper outer left arm. She undergoes a drainage procedure but the wound
heals poorly over the next month. Which of the following aspects of wound healing is most
likely to be deficient in this patient?
A. neutrophil infiltration
B. collagen deposition
C. re-epithelialization
D. fibroblast elaboration
Answer: B
Reference: RPBD 7th p.114
15. Which of the following changes best describes the pathophysiology involved in the
production of pulmonary edema in patients with congestive heart failure?
A. widespread endothelial damage
B. decreased plasma oncotic pressure
C. acute lymphatic obstruction

D. increased hydrostatic pressure

Answer: D
Reference: RPBD 7th p.122
16. A 23-year old medical student develops a red face after being asked a question during a
lecture. Which of the following statements best describes the vascular reaction?
A. active hyperemia
B. petechial hemorrhage
C. allergic reaction
D. passive congestion
Answer: A
Reference: RPBD 7th p.122
17. While preparing her lunch, a housewife nicks her finger with a knife. Seconds after the
injury, the bleeding stops. Which of the following mechanisms is most likely to reduce
blood loss from a small dermal arteriole?
A. protein C activation
B. vasoconstriction
C. neutrophil chemotaxis
D. platelet aggregation
Answer: B
Reference: RPBD 7th p.124
18. A 26-year old rock climber fractures his left femur after falling from a height of 20 meters.
He was hospitalized and over the next several days develops progressive respiratory
problems. He died three days later. At the time of autopsy, oil red-O positive material is
seen in the small blood vessels of the lungs and brain. Which of the following is the most
likely diagnosis?
A. air emboli
B. padoxical emboli
C. fat emboli
D. saddle emboli
Answer: C
Reference: RPBD 7th p.136
19. A 23 year old who had a myocardial infarction 1 year a year ago now has chest pain when
exercising. His underlying disease is due to an absence of LDL receptors on liver cells,
inherited as an autosomal dominant condition. Which of the following laboratory findings is
most likely to be present in this patient?
A. ketonuria
B. hypercholesterolemia
C. hypoglycemia
D. abetalipoprotenemia
Answer: B
Reference: RPBD 7th p.156
20. A 20-year old woman of average intelligence and short stature is being evaluated for
primary amenorrhea. Physical examination reveals a shield-shaped chest and her elbows
turn outward when her arms are at her sides. She has a thick neck and you notice the
absence of secondary female sex characteristics. Serum estrogen levels are found to be
decreased, while FSH and LH levels are increased. Which of the following is the most
likely diagnosis?
A. Turners syndrome
B. fragile X syndrome
C. Klinefelters syndrome
D. XYY syndrome
Answer: A
Reference: RPBD 7th p.179
23. A 26-year old woman presents with increasing fatigue, arthritis, shortness of breath, and a
bimalar, photosensitive erythematous rash. Biopsies from this rash reveal liquefactive
degeneration of the basal layer of the epidermis with a perivascular lymphoid infiltrate.
Physical examination shows bilateral pleural effusions, the fluid from which when examined
histologically reveals multiple erythrocytes phogocytized by phagocytic leukocytes. Which of
the following is the most likely diagnosis?
A. dermatomyositis
B. systemic lupus erythematosus
C. Sjogrens syndrome

D. rheumatoid arthritis
Answer: B
Reference: RPBD 7th p.227
25. A 36-year old man presents with a new onset of a bulge in his right inguinal area. This
was diagnosed as an inguinal hernia. The resected hernial sac contained some adipose
.
adipose tissue was sent to the laboratory for examination. Which of the following features
should be present to make a diagnosis of lipoma rather than normal adipose tissue?
A. anaplasia
B. fibrous capsule
C. prominent nucleoli
D. uniform population of cells
Answer: B
Reference: RPBD 7th p.270
26. A 23-year old woman has noted a palpable nodule on her neck for the past 3 months.
On physical examination, there is a 2-cm firm nontender nodule on the left lobe of the
thyroid gland. A fine needle biopsy of the nodule reveals cells consistent with thyroid
carcinoma. No other family members are affected by this disorder. Which of the following
is most relevant in the womans past medical history?
A. exposure to polyvinyl compounds
B. chronic alcoholism
C. radiation exposure in childhood
D. history of trauma
Answer: C
Reference: RPBD 7th p.319
27. A 64-year old man has several episodes of hematuria in the past week. On physical
examination, there are no abnormal findings. A urinalysis shows 4+ hematuria and
cytologic examination of the urine shows that atypical cells are present. A urologist
performs a cystoscopy and observes a 4 cm mass with a nodular, ulcerated surface in the
dome of the bladder. Which of the following terms best describes this lesion?
A. sarcoma
B. carcinoma
C. fibroma
D. papilloma
Answer: B
Reference: RPBD 7th p.271
28. A 33-year old woman undergoes an annual physical examination and there are no abnormal
findings. A Pap smear was done as part of the pelvic examination. Cytologically, the cells
obtained from the cervical smear show severe epithelial dysplasia. Which of the following
statements best explains the significance of these findings?
A. The lesion could progress to invasive cervical carcinoma
B. An ovarian teratoma is present
C. There has been a regression of cervical carcinoma
D. Antibiotic therapy will cure the lesion
Answer: A
Reference: RPBD 7th p.275
29. The use of broad-spectrum antibiotics can produce a bleeding diathesis characterized by
hematomas, melena and bleeding gums by decreasing the normal gut flora and inducing a
deficiency of which one of the following vitamins?
A. Vitamin A
B. Vitamin B
C. Vitamin C
D. Vitamin K
Answer: D
Reference: RPBD 7th p.456
33. An apathetic male infant from the slums is found to have peripheral edema, a moon face,
and an enlarged fatty liver. Which of the following is the basic defect causing this change
in the liver?
A. Decreased fluid intake leads to hypernatremia
B. Decreased carbohydrate intake leads to hypoglycemia
C. Decreased caloric intake leads to hypoalbuminemia
D. Decreased protein intake leads to decreased lipoproteins
Answer: D

Reference: RPBD 7th p.447

38. A 5-year old girl developed a rash over her chest that began as 0.5 cm reddish macule.
Within 2 days, the macules became vesicle. A few days later, the vesicles ruptured and
crusted over. Over the next 2 weeks, crops of the lesion spread to the face and extremities.
Which of the following clinical manifestations of this infection is most likely to appear
decades later?
A. shingles
B. paralysis
C. congestive heart failure
D. infertility
Answer: A
Reference: RPBD 7th p.368
39. A 36-year old man with AIDS presents with deteriorating mental status. A spinal tap was done.
The cerebrospinal fluid was stained with mucicarmine and India ink. The mucicarmine stain
reveals numerous yeasts that stain bright red. The India ink demonstrates the capsule of the
organism. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
A. chromomycosis
B. blastomycosis
C. cryptococcosis
D. cryptosporidiosis
Answer: C
Reference: RPBD 7th p.399
40. A 38-year old man presents with cough, fever, night sweats and weight loss. A chest x-ray
reveals irregular densities in the upper lobe of the right lung. Histologic sections reveal caseous
necrosis surrounded by acid fast bacilli and few scattered giant cells. These giant cell are a
result of fusion together of what type of cell?
A. activated macrophages
B. atypical lymphocytes
C. reactive fibroblasts
D. epithelial cells
Answer: A
Reference: RPBD 7th p.381
41. A 21-year old woman gives birth at term to an infant weighing 1859 g. On physical
examination, the infants head size is normal, but the crown-heel length and foot length are
reduced. There are no external malformations. Throughout infancy, developmental milestones
are delayed. Which of the following conditions occurring during gestation would most likely
produce these findings?
A. maternal diabetes mellitus
B. pregnancy induced hypertension
C. congenital cytomegalovirus
D. erythroblastosis fetalis
Answer: B
Reference: RPBD 7th p.477
44. A 40-year old obese man presents signs and symptoms of hyperglycemia. After appropriate
work-up, he is diagnosed as having type II diabetes mellitus, which is due in part to insulin
resistance, Laboratory evaluation of his serum also discloses hypertriglyceridemia, which is due
to his diabetes. The most common type of secondary hyperlipidemia associated with diabetes
mellitus is characterized by elevated serum levels of which of the following substances?
A. low density lipoproteins
B. very low density lipoproteins
C. chylomicrons
D. intermediate density lipoproteins
Answer: B
Reference: RPBD 7th p.521
45. A 40-year old woman presents with recurrent severe headaches and increasing visual problems.
Physical examination reveals her blood pressure to be 220/150. Her symptoms are most likely to
be associated with which one of the following abnormalities?
A. medial calcific sclerosis
B. hyaline arteriolosclerosis
C. giant cell arteritis
D. Takayasus arteritis
Answer: C

Reference: RPBD 7th p.536

46. A 61-year old man presents with the sudden onset of excruciating pain. He describes the pain as
beginning in the anterior chest, radiating to the back, then moving downward into the abdomen.
His blood pressure is found to be 160/115. Myocardial infarction is suspected but was ruled out
due to normal ECG. An x-ray of the patients abdomen shows a double-barrel aorta. Which of
the following is the cause of the abnormality?
A. loss of elastic tissue in the media
B. congenital defect in the aorta wall
C. abnormal collagen synthesis
D. a microbial infection
Answer: A
Reference: RPBD 7th p.531
50. A 62-year old woman presents with increasing fatigue and is found to have hypochromic
normocytic red cells in her peripheral smear. Physical examination finds her heart rate and
respiratory rate to be increased in frequency. Laboratory examination finds decreased serum
ferritin, the levels of which are inversely proportional to the serum levels of which one of the
following substances?
A. haptoglobulin
B. bilirubin
C. hemosiderin
D. transferring
Answer: D
Reference: RPBD 7th p.643
52. A 21-yearold woman presents with fever, weight loss, night sweats, and painless enlargement
of several supraclavicular lymph nodes. A biopsy from one of the enlarged lymph nodes shows
binucleate giant cell with prominent acidophilic owl-eye nucleoli. Also present are atypical
mononuclear cells that are surrounded by clear spaces (lacunar cells). Which of the following
is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Hodgkins disease
B. reactive hyperplasia
C. cat-scratch disease
D. non-Hodgkins lymphoma
Answer: A
Reference: RPBD 7th p. 686
54. A 6-year old girl accidentally inhales a plastic bead, which lodges in one of her bronchi. A
chest x-ray reveals the mediastinum to be shifted toward the side of the obstruction. Which
of the following pulmonary abnormalities is most likely present in this girl?
A. resorption atelectasis
B. compression atelectasis
C. contraction atelectasis
D. patchy atelectasis
Answer: A
Reference: RPBD 7th p. 713
56. While recovering in bed 1 week after an abdominal hysterectomy, a 43-year old woman develops
acute shortness of breath with hemoptysis. Physical examination finds the patient to be afebrile
with moderate respiratory distress, calf tenderness, and a widely split S2. Which of the following
is the most likely diagnosis?
A. atelectasis
B. viral pneumonia
C. congestive heart failure
D. pulmonary embolus
Answer: D
Reference: RPBD 7th p.742
64. A 35-year old man noticed an increased feeling of heaviness in his scrotum for the past 10
months. On physical examination, the left testis is three times the size of the right testis and
is firm on palpation. Laboratory studies include an elevated alpha fetoprotein level. Which of
the following cellular components is most likely to be present in this mass?
A. yolk sac cells
B. Leydig cells
C. seminoma cells
D. cytotrophoblasts
Answer: A

Reference: RPBD 7th p.1043

65. A 47-year old man presents with increasing heartburn especially after eating or when lying
down. Biopsies taken approximately 4 cm proximal to the gastroesophageal junction reveal
metaplastic columnar epithelium. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
A. hamartomatous polyp
B. Barretts esophagus
C. Reflux esophagitis
D. Mallory Weiss syndrome
Answer: B
Reference: RPBD 7th p.804
66. A 20-year old woman with abdominal pain localized to the right lower quadrant, nausea and
vomiting, mild fever and an elevation of peripheral leukocyte count. An appendectomy is
performed. Which of the following is the expected microscopic appearance of this appendix?
A. normal appearing appendix
B. dilated lumen filled with mucus
C. yellow tumor at the tip of the appendix
D. neutrophils within the muscular wall
Answer: D
Reference: RPBD 7th p.870
67. A 60-year old man presents with increasing fatigue. His past medical history is unremarkable.
Physical examination is also unremarkable except for positive occult blood in stool and
microcytic hypochromic anemia. Barium enema study shows a 4 cm mass in the left side of
his colon having an apple core appearance. Which of the following is the most likely
histologic diagnosis for this colonic mass?
A. leiomyosarcoma
B. adenocarcinoma
C. carcinoid tumor
D. squamous cell carcinoma
Answer: B
Reference: RPBD 7th p.862
68. A 48-year old woman with increasing fatigue and is found to have elevated liver enzymes
(AST and ALT). Over the next year, her liver enzymes have remained elevated and all
serological tests for viral markers remain negative. A liver biopsy reveals chronic inflammation
in the portal triads that focally destroys the limiting plate and spills over into the adjacent
hepatocytes. Anti smooth muscle and antinuclear antibodies are present. An LE test is also
positive. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
A. autoimmune hepatitis
B. primary biliary cirrhosis
C. systemic lupus erythematosus
D. chronic persistent hepatitis
Answer: A
Reference: RPBD p.903
69. A 57-year old male alcoholic with a history of chronic liver disease presents with increasing weight
loss and ascites. Physical examination is unremarkable and fecal occult blood is negative. CT scan
of the abdomen reveals a single mass in the left lobe of the liver. Work-up reveals elevated levels
of alpha fetoprotein in this patients blood. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
A. angiosarcoma
B. hepatoblastoma
C. cholangiocarcinoma
D. hepatocellular carcinoma
Answer: D
Reference: RPBD 7th p.924
70. According to Courvoisiers law, a pancreatic cancer located in the head of the pancreas
should be suspected in an individual with which one of the following clinical signs?
A. migratory thrombophlebitis
B. obstructive jaundice and a dilated gallbladder
C. steatorrhea and a tender gallbladder
D. obstructive jaundice and a nonpalpable gallbladder
Answer: B
Reference: RPBD 7th p.948

72. A 24-year old woman for a fertility work-up gives a history of severe pain during menses. A
previous physician told her that she may have chocolate in her cysts. Which of the following
will most likely be present in this patient?
A. acute pelvic inflammatory disease
B. metastatic ovarian carcinoma
C. endometriosis
D. subserosal leiomyoma
Answer: C
Reference: RPBD 7th p.1083
73. A 22-year old woman presents with pelvic pain and is found to have an ovarian mass that
measures 3 cm in diameter. Grossly, the mass consists of multiple cystic spaces. Histologically,
these cysts are lined by tall columnar epithelium, with some of the cells being ciliated. Which
of the following is the correct diagnosis for this ovarian tumor?
A. serous tumor
B. mucinous tumor
C. endometrioid tumor
D. clear cell tumor
Answer: A
Reference: RPBD 7th p.1095
74. A 30-year old woman in the third trimester of her first pregnancy develops persistent headaches
and swelling of her legs and face. Early during her pregnancy her prenatal consultations were
unremarkable, however, now her blood pressure is 170/105 mmHg and urinalysis reveals slight
proteinuria. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
A. nephrotic syndrome
B. gestational trophoblastic disease
C. preeclampsia
D. ectopic pregnancy
Answer: C
Reference: RPBD 7th p.1106
77. A 41-year old woman presents with the new onset of bloody discharge from her left nipple.
Physical examination reveals a 1 cm freely moveable mass that is located directly beneath the
nipple. Sections from the mass reveal multiple fibrovascular cores lined by several layers of
epithelial cells. Atypia is minimal. The lesion is completely contained within the duct and no
invasion into underlying tissue is seen. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
A. benign phyllodes tumor
B. Pagets disease
C. intraductal carcinoma
D. ductal papilloma
Answer: D
Reference: RPBD 7th p.1126
79. A 43-year old man presents with increasing fatigue and occasional headaches. He states that
recently he has had to change his shoe size from 8 to 9, and he also thinks that his hand and
jaw are now slightly larger. Physical examination reveals a prominent forehead and lower jaw,
enlarged tongue, and large hands and feet. Initial laboratory tests reveals increased serum
glucose. Which of the following is the most likely explanation for this group of findings?
A. acromegaly
B. diabetes
C. gigantism
D. apoplexy
Answer: A
Reference: RPBD 7th p.1161
82.

A 20-year old woman presents with the acute onset of perioral tingling and muscle cramps
involving both of her hands. Physical examination finds an anxious woman with increased
respiratory rate , while laboratory examination reveals decreased arterial pCO2, decreased
bicarbonate, and an increased blood pH. The respiratory alkalosis in this individual caused
tetany by decreasing the ionized serum levels of what substance?
A. calcium
B. sodium
C. magnesium
D. potassium
Answer: A
Reference: RPBD 7th p.1188

83. A 56-year old woman presents with increasing muscle weakness and fatigue. Physical
examination finds an obese adult woman with purple abdominal stria and increase facial
hair. The excess adipose tissue is mainly distributed in her face, neck and trunk. Laboratory
evaluation finds increased plasma levels of cortisol and glucose. Which of the following is
the most likely diagnosis?
A. Addisons disease
B. Bartterrs disease
C. Cushings syndrome
D. Conns syndrome
Answer: C
Reference: RPBD 7th p.1207
86.

A 6-year old boy presents with clumsiness, a waddling gait, and difficulty climbing steps. Physical
examination reveals that the boy uses his arms and shoulders to rise from the floor or a chair.
Additionally, his calves appear to be somewhat larger than normal. Which of the following is the
most likely diagnosis?
A. myotonic dystrophy
B. Duchennes muscular dystrophy
C. polymyositis
D. inclusion body myositis
Answer: B
Reference: RPBD 7th p.1336

87. A 61-year old woman presents with difficulty swallowing, ptosis, and diplopia. Which of the
following is the most likely cause of this womans disease:
A. Rhabdomyolysis
B. Lack of lactate production during ischemic exercise
C. Antibodies to the acetylcholine receptor
D. Corticosteroid therapy
Answer: C
Reference: RPBD 7th p.1344
89. A 74-year old man with a slowly growing, ulcerated lesion located on the pinna of his left ear.
The lesion is excised, and histologic sections reveal infiltrating groups of cells in the dermis.
These cells have eosinophilic cytoplasm, intercellular bridges, and intracellular keratin formation.
Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
A. dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans
B. Merkel cell carcinoma
C. basal cell carcinoma
D. squamous cell carcinoma
Answer: D
Reference: RPBD 7th p.1241
92. A 62-year old woman notices a lump on the left side of her face that has become larger
over the past year. On physical examination, a 4 to 5 cm firm, mobile, painless mass is
palpable in he region of the left parotid gland, The oral mucosa appears normal. The
patient does not complain of difficulty in chewing food or talking. Which of the following
conditions is most likely to account or these findings?
A. pleomorphic adenoma
B. Sjogren syndrome
C. sialolithiasis
D. mucoepidermoid carcinoma
Answer: A
Reference: RPBD 7th p.777
95. A 22-year old male gets hit on the head by a hard object in the temporal area. He does not
lose consciousness but afterwards develops a slight headache. He is not taken to the hospital.
By evening he develops severe headache with vomiting and confusion. He was then brought to
the hospital and was assessed as having an epidural hematoma. Which of the following is most
likely present in this individual?
A. Transection of a branch of the middle meningeal artery
B. Bleeding from torn bridging veins
C. Rupture of a preexisting berry aneurysm
D. Cortical bleeding opposite point of traumatic injury
Answer: A
Reference: RPBD 7th p.1359

96. A 47-year old man presents with weakness and cramping that involves both hands. Physical
examination reveals atrophy of the muscles of both hands, hyperactive reflexes and muscle
fasciculations involving the arms and legs and positive Babinski reflex. Sensation appears
to be normal in both arms and legs. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Guillain-Barre syndrome
B. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
C. Huntingtons disease
D. Metachromatic leukodystrophy
Answer: B
Reference: RPBD 7th p.1396
97. After recovering from a viral respiratory infection, a 22-year old woman presents with weakness
in her distal extremities that rapidly ascends to involve proximal muscles. Physical examination
examination reveals absent deep tendon reflexes, and a lumbar puncture the CSF protein to be
increased, but very few cells are present. A biopsy of a peripheral nerve reveals inflammation and
demyelination. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Brown-Sequard syndrome
B. syringomyelia
C. Gullain-Barre syndrome
D. diabetes melitus
Answer: C
Reference: RPBD 7th p.1331
98. A 22-year old man has a mild pharyngitis followed a few days later by sudden onset of a severe
headache. Physical examination shows nuchal rigidity. His temperature is 38.8C. The gross
appearance of his brain shows extensive purulent exudate covering the brain convexities. Which
of the following is most likely to be the etiologic agent?
A. Cryptococcus neoformans
B. Neisseria meningitidis
C. Poliovirus
D. Toxoplasma gondii
Answer: B
Reference: RPBD 7th p.1369
99. A 51-year old man with acute psychosis has a long history of alcoholism. He keeps on
talking nonsense and is unable to follow simple commands. There is also paralysis of
the lateral rectus muscle. A deficiency of which of these nutrients is most likely the cause
of these findings?
A. thiamine
B. niacin
C. cobalamin
D. riboflavin
Answer: A
Reference: RPBD 7th p.423
100. Carpal tunnel syndrome, produced by damage to or pressure on the median nerve deep to
the flexor retinaculum, is best characterized by which one of the following clinical signs?
A. Numbness in the fifth finger and medial portion of the ring finger
B. Pain in thumb, index finger, middle finger and lateral half of ring finger
C. Adduction, extension and internal rotation of upper limb
D. Weakness of extensors of wrist and fingers
Answer: B
Reference: RPBD 7th p. 1335

Reference: Robbins Pathologic Basis of Disease 7th Edition

1.

A5yearoldmalechildpresentedwithstrabismus,poorvisionandwhitishhueto
the pupil of the left eye. Enucleation was done and biopsy revealed Flexner
Wintersteinerrosettes.Whatisthediagnosis?
(Robbins5theditionp461)
a. retinoblastoma
b. paraganglioma
c. melanoma
d. immatureteratoma

10

2.

A 54year old male was brought to the emergency room due to massive
hemoptysis. CXR showed apical lesion in the right lung. The following are
histologicfeaturesofthisdiseaseentityEXCEPT:(Robbins5theditionp81)
a. centralcaseousnecrosis
b. langhanstypegiantcells
c. concentriccalcificconcretion
d. noneoftheabove

3.

A 70year old male died of myocardial infarction. Autopsy was done and
microscopicfindingsofthemyocardiumrevealedcoagulativenecrosiswithloss
ofnucleiandstriationsofthecells.Howoldisthelesion?(Robbins5thedp536)
a. 1824hrs
b. 412hrs
c. 2472hrs
d. 37days

4.

Histologicsectionsoftheperipherallungmassofa60yearoldfemaleshowed
distinctive, tall, columnar to cuboidal epithelial cells that line up along alveolar
septa and project into the alveolar spaces in numerous branching papillary
projections.Whatisthediagnosis?(Robbins5thedp726)
a. smallcellcarcinoma
b. squamouscellcarcinoma
c. bronchioalveolarcarcinoma
d. largecellcarcinoma

5.

A35yearoldmalehadbeenhavingonandoffupperabdominaldiscomfortand
vomiting for 1 year. EGD showed red gastric mucosa. Biopsy was done which
revealed inflammatory cells within the lamina propria and beginning atrophy of
the glandular structures. The following are major etiologic associations of this
diseaseexcept:(Robbins5thed.p771)
a. alcoholconsumptionandcigarettesmoking
b. immunologic
c. chronicinfection
d. noneoftheabove

6.

A50yearoldfemalepresentedwithdiarrheaandweightlossfor5years.Punch
biopsyofthesmallintestineshowedmucosaladenwithdistendedmacrophages
inthelaminapropria.ThemacrophagescontainPAS(+)granulesandrodshaped
bacillibyelectronmicroscopy.Whatisthediagnosis:(Robbins5thedp799)
a. tropicalsprue
b. whipplesdisease
c. celiacsprue
d. disaccharidasedeficiency

7.

A 4year old male with nonhodgkins lymphoma presented with paraaotic

lymphadenopathyandsplenicmass.Whatisthestageofthedisease?(Robbins5th
edp643)
a. stageI
b. stageII
c. stageIII
d. stageIV

8.

A 40year old female presented with a 4 cm fixed right breast mass associated
withmovableaxillarynodes.Whatisthestageofthedisease?(Robbins5thedp
1107)
a. stageI
b. stageII
c. stageIII
d. stageIV
11

9.

A 45 y/o female has a history of regular oral contraceptive intake. She has a
higher risk of developing this tumor compared to nonusers. ( Robbins 5th ed
p.416)
a. Hepaticadenoma
b. Ovariancarcinoma
c. Endometrialcarcinoma
d. Pancreaticadenoma

10.

A27y/omalewithfeverandleokocytosisexpiredandwassentforautopsy.One
of the gross finding included multiple pale, wedgeshaped infarcts all over the
spleen.Themostlikelydiagnosisis:(p.572576).
a. Metastaticcarcinoma
b. Disseminatedhistoplasmosis
c. Infectiveendocarditis
d. Hodgkinslymphoma
CELLINJURYANDADAPTATION
1. Psammomabodiesarefociofdystrophiccalcificationseeninwhichcondition?
A.multiplemyelomaofbone
B.papillarythyroidcarcinoma
C.parathyroidadenoma
D.Pagetdisease

Ref.Robbins7thed.Page41
2. Theseareeosinophiliccytoplasmicinclusionsseeninalcoholicliverdisease.
A.Amyloid
B.Mallorybodies
C. Russelbodies
D.Kimurabodies
Ref.Robbins7thed.Page39
3. Whichofthefollowingisafeatureofnecrosis?
A.reducedcellsize
B.intactcellularcontents
C. intactplasmamembrane
D.karyolysis
Ref.Robbins7thed.Page13
4. A40yearoldmalecomplainsofchroniccoughandweightloss.CXRshowsan
illdefinedmassalongtheapexofbothlobes.SputumAFBwaspositive.Biopsy
ofthelungmostlikelyrevealwhichofthefollowing:
A.liquifactivenecrosis
B.coagulativenecrosis
C.caseationnecrosis
D.tumornecrosis
Ref.Robbins7thed.Page22
5. Whichofthefollowingischaracteristicofapoptosis?
A.absenceofinflammation
B.affectsnumerouscellsatatime
C.cellswelling
D.leakingofenzymes
Ref.Robbins7thed.Page26
6. Whichischaracteristicofirreversibleinjury?
A.cellswelling
B.fattychange
C.surfaceblebs
D.cellmembranedefects
Ref.Robbins7thed.Page12
ACUTEANDCHRONICINFLAMMATION
7. Whichofthefollowingsubstancesmaycauseedemaduringinflammation?
A.histamine
B.C5a
C.interleukine1
D.TNF
Ref.Robbins7thed.Page50

12

8. Thisisknownasthemembraneattackcomplex.
A.C3b
B.C67
C.C5b9
D.C1b3
Ref.Robbins7thed.Page64
9. Whichofthefollowingwhitebloodcellspredominatewithin6to24hrsafter
tissueinjury?
A.macrophage
B.basophils
C.neutrophils
D.lymphocytes
Ref.Robbins7thed.Page56
10. Typeofinflammationinducedbyindigestibleforeignbodies.
A.serous
B.granulomatous
C.suppurative
D.fibrinous
Ref.Robbins7thed.Page83
11. Centralactorsinchronicinflammation.
A.neutrophils
B.lymphocytes
C.macrophages
D.eosinophils
Ref.Robbins7thed.Page79
12. Thehallmarkofacuteinflammationis:
transientvasoconstriction
B.vasodilation
C. increasedvascularpermeability
D.slowingofcirculation
Ref.Robbins7thed.Page50
WOUNDHEALINGANDTISSUEREPAIR
13. Whichofthefollowingisanexampleofwoundhealingbyprimaryintention?
A.compoundfracturefixation
B.fistularepair
C.endoscopicsurgery
D.abscessdrainage
Ref.Robbins7thed.Page111112
14. Awoundwillattainmaximumstrengthatwhattime?
A.2weeks
B.1month
C.3months
D.6months
Ref.Robbins7thed.Page114
15. Reductioninsizeoflargewoundsisattributedtowhichofthefollowing?
A.fibrosis
B.tissueremodeling
C.contraction
D.reepithelialization
Ref.Robbins7thed.Page113
16. Inadequateformationofgranulationtissueorscarcanleadtowhichofthe
following?
A.ulcer
B.keloid
C.contracture
D.granuloma
Ref.Robbins7thed.Page114
17. Thisisthemostabundantglycoproteininbasementmembrane.
A.elastin
B.laminin
C.proteoglycan
D.fibronectin
Ref.Robbins7thed.Page105
18. Thisisapotentangiogenicgrowthfactor.
A.Epidermalgrowthfactor
B.plateletderivedgrowthfactor
C.fibroblastgrowthfactor
D.transforminggrowthfactor
th
Ref.Robbins7 ed.Page111

13

FLUIDANDHEMODYNAMICDISORDERS
19. A40yearoldchronicalcoholiccomplainsofeasyfatigabilityandorthopneaat
night.CXRshowedbilateralpleuraleffusionwhileabdominalultrasoundshowed
asciteswithsmallliver.Whatisthemechanismofeffusion?
A.increasedhydrostaticpressure
B.decreasedplasmaoncoticpressure
C.lymphaticobstruction
D.inflammationofmembranes
Ref.Robbins7thed.Page121
20. A70yearoldmaleafterspendingamonthinthehospitalconfinedtoawheel
chairduetoarthritis,suddenlyexperiencesdifficultyofbreathingafterwalking
onhisown.Whatisthemostlikelydiagnosis?
A.pulmonaryembolism
B.oldage
C.sepsis
D.bronchopneumonia
Ref.Robbins7thed.Page136
21. Anarterialthromboemboliismostlikelytoproduceahemorrhagicinfarctinwhich
organ?
A.kidney
B.liver
C.lungs
D.bone
Ref.Robbins7thed.Page138
22. TheserumAST&ALTareobservedtobeincreasingina61y/omanoverthe
pastwk.Healsohasincreasinglowerlegswellingw/grade2+pittingedema
totheknees.Hehasprominentjugularvenousdistentioninneckveinstothe
levelofthemandible.W/coftheff.,underlyingconditionsishemostlikelyto
have,ifthegrossappearanceofthelivershows"nutmeg"pattern?
A.portalveinthrombosis
B.chronichepatitis
C.congestiveheartfailure
D.bileductobstruction
Ref.Robbins7thed.Page122
23. Virchowstriad(factorsfavoringthrombosis)includesw/coftheff.?
A. leukocytosis,thrombocytosis,&erythrocytosis
B. occultcancer,heartfailure,&jaundice
C. hyperglycemia,hyperlipidemia,&hypertension
D. stasis,vascularinjury,&hypercoagulability
Ref.Robbins7thed.Page130
24. A32yearoldmaleexperienceddifficultyofbreathingandedemaofthelungs
afterbeinginjectedwithanewantibioticdrug.Helaterlostconsciousnessand
hisBPrapidlydeclined,andlaterwentintoshock.Thisisduetowhichofthe
following?
A.hemorrhage
B.anaphylactic
C.idiopathic
D.sepsis
Ref.Robbins7thed.Page139
IMMUNESYSTEM
25. Thisantibodymediateshypersensitivityreactionsandismostcommonlyfound
onsurfaceofmastcells.
A.IgA
B.IgG
C.IgM
D.IgE
Ref.Robbins7thed.Page206
26. SystemicLupusErythematosuscanbeconfirmedbytestingforwhich
antibodies?
A.SSA
B.dsDNA
C.centromere
D.antiGBM
Ref.Robbins7thed.Page228
27. Thesecellscanlysetumorcellsorvirusinfectedcellswithoutpriorsensitization.
A.Bcells
B.Tcells
C.NKcells
D.macrophages
Ref.Robbins7thed.Page201

14

28. Apatientwithmyastheniagravisdevelopedprogressivemuscleweakness.This
iswhattypeofhypersensitivityreaction?
A.typeI
B.typeII
C.typeIII
D.typeIV
Ref.Robbins7thed.Page212
GENETICDISORDERS
29. Deficiencyinhomogentisicoxidaseresultsinthisconditionwhichmanifestswith
blackdiscolorationoftheurine.
A.albinism
B.phenylketonuria
C.ochronosis
D.galactosemia
th
Ref.Robbins7 ed.Page167
30. Thisisthemostcommongeneticcauseofmentalretardation.
A.trisomy18
B.trisomy21
C.chromosome5p
D.Turnersyndrome
Ref.Robbins7thed.Page175
31. A10yearoldfemaleconsultedduetomultipleneurofibromas,cutaneouscafau
laitmaculesandpigmentedirishamartomas.Thisconditioniscalled
A.tuberoussclerosis
B.VonRecklinghausensdisease
C.Marfanssyndrome
D.VonHippelLindausyndrome
Ref.Robbins7thed.Pages168169
NEOPLASIA
32. Chemicalcarcinogenimplicatedinthecausationofmesothelioma.
A.arsenic
B.vinylchloride
C.asbestos
D.nickel
Ref.Robbins7thed.Page285
33. Humanpapillomavirustyperesponsibleforcervicalcarcinoma.
A.2and4
B.16and18
C.20and40
D.6and11
Ref.Robbins7thed.Page324
34. Mostcommonparaneoplasticsyndromeassociatedwithsquamouscell
carcinomaofthelung.
A.hypercalcemia
B.Cushingsyndrome
C.SIADH
D.carcinoidsyndrome
Ref.Robbins7thed.Page334
35. Extremelyradiosensitivetesticulartumorthattendstospreadtolymphnodes
alongtheiliacarteriesandaorta.
A.teratoma
B.seminoma
C.embryonalcarcinoma
D.adenocarcinoma
Ref.Robbins7thed.Page272
36. Whichofthefollowingischaracteristicofamalignanttumor.
A.welldifferentiated
B.slowgrowing
C.cohesiveandwelldemarcated
D.metastasis
Ref.Robbins7thed.Page279
37. Tumormarkerforbreastcancer.
A.CA125
C.CA153
Ref.Robbins7thed.Page339

B.CA199
D.CA201

ENVIRONMENTAL
38. Thisnutrientdeficiencypresentswithmicrocyticandhypochromicanemia.
A.zinc
B.iron
C.iodine
D.copper
th
Ref.Robbins7 ed.Page461

15

39. Vitamindeficiencyresultsinnightblindnessandxeropthalmia.
A.VitaminA
B.VitaminC
C.VitaminD
D.VitaminB1
Ref.Robbins7thed.Page450
40. Injurycausedbyabluntforcethatdamagessmallbloodvessels,usuallywithout
disruptionofthecontinuityoftissues.
A.abrasion
B.contusion
C.laceration
D.incision
Ref.Robbins7thed.Page443
41. Chronicingestionofthissubstancebymothersmaycausegrowthretardation
andmicrocephalyininfants.
A.iron
B.lactose
C.ethanol
D.caffeine
Ref.Robbins7thed.Page424
DISEASEOFINFANCYANDCHILDHOOD
42. Mostcommoncauseofrespiratorydistressinthenewborn.
A.headinjury
B.hyalinemembranedisease
C.cordcoiling
D.amnioticfluidaspiration
Ref.Robbins7thed.Page481
43. Inbornerrorofmetabolismassociatedwithseverementalretardationandstrong
mousyodortotheaffectedinfant.
A.phenylketonuria
B.galactosemia
C.cysticfibrosis
D.tyrosinemia
Ref.Robbins7thed.Pages487488
44. Thisisthemostfrequentchildhoodtumorcausingdeathinchildrenyoungerthan
15yearsold.
A.astrocytoma
B.leukemia
C.neuroblastoma
D.melanoma
Ref.Robbins7thed.Page499
INFECTIOUSDISEASES
45. Specialstainusedindiagnosingmycobacteriaandnocardiaeinfections.
A.gramstain
B.silverstain
C.Giemsa
D.acidfaststain
Ref.Robbins7thed.Page361
46. Whichofthefollowingorganismscausenecrotizinginflammation.
A.Mycobacteriumtuberculosis
B.measlesvirus
B.Clostridiumperfringens
D.Staphylococcusaureus
Ref.Robbins7thed.Page362
47. Pulmonarydiseasecausedbymycobacteriacharacterizedbysmallvisible(2
mm)fociofyellowwhiteconsolidationscatteredthroughthelungparenchyma.
A.cavitating
B.miliary
C.primaryfocus
D.Pottsdisease
Ref.Robbins7thed.Page385386
48. ThesenodularlesionsarerelatedtodelayedhypersensitivitytoTreponema
pallidum,andaremostcommonlyseeninthebone,skinandmucous
membranesofthemouth.
A.chancre
B.scrofula
C.gumma
D.warts
Ref.Robbins7thed.Page389
49. Thisobligateintracellulargramnegativebacteriumisthemostcommon
bacteriallysexuallytransmitteddiseaseintheworld.
A.N.gonorrhea
B.C.trachomatis
C.T.pallidum
D.H.ducreyi
Ref.Robbins7thed.Page394

16

CARDIOVASCULARSYSTEM
50. Mostcommoncauseofdeathaftermyocardialinfarction.
A.congestiveheartfailure
B.hypotension
C.arrhythmia
D.myocardialrupture
th
Ref.Robbins7 ed.Page584
51. A20yearoldmalewithrheumaticheartdiseasesuddenlycollapsedaftera
basketballgame.Whichofthefollowingmayhavecausedhissymptoms?
A.mitralstenosis
B.myocarditis
C.calcifiedaorta
D.mitralvalveprolapse
th
Ref.Robbins7 ed.Page594
52. Thisisthemostcommonprimarycardiactumorinadults
A.lipoma
B.myxoma
C.angiosarcoma
D.papilloma
Ref.Robbins7thed.Page613
HEMATOPOIETICANDLYMPHOIDDISEASES
53. Hemolysisandvasoocclusivecrisisarecommoninthisformofanemiacaused
bymutationofglutamicacidtovalineataminoacid6ofbetachain.
A.thalassemia
B.hemoglobinC
C.sicklecellanemia
D.hereditaryspherocytosis
Ref.Robbins7thed.Page629
54. Noncaseatinggranulomatousinflammationinthelymphnodesandskinistypical
inwhatcondition?
A.sarcoidosis
B.tuberculosis
C.histoplasmosis
D.chroniclymphadenitis
Ref.Robbins7thed.Page737
55. MostcommontypeofHodgkinsLymphomacharacterizedbybroadcollagen
bandsseparatinglymphoidtissueintowelldefinednodules.
A.Nodularsclerosis
B.Mixedcellularity
C.Lymphocytepredominant
D.Lymphocytedepleted
Ref.Robbins7thed.Pages687688
56. WhichofthefollowingisacommonfeatureofallHodgkinsLymphomas.
A.helperTcells
B.RScells
C.Bcells
D.Langhansgiantcells
th
Ref.Robbins7 ed.Page686
RESPIRATORYSYSTEM
57. Thistypeofpneumoniaischaracterizedbypatchyconsolidationofthelungwith
fociofacutesuppurativeinflammationthatarepoorlydefinedgrossly.
A.lobarpneumonia
B.lipoidpneumonia
C.bronchopneumonia
D.tuberculous
Ref.Robbins7thed.Page749
58. Whichofthefollowingischaracteristicofemphysema?
A.increasednumberofgobletcells B.mucousplugscontainingeosinophils
C.destructionofalveolarwalls
D.chronicnecrotizinginflammation
Ref.Robbins7thed.Pages717718
59. Pulmonaryembolimostoftenoriginatefromwhichsite?
A.rightatrium
B.leg
C.aorta
D.leftventricle
Ref.Robbins7thed.Page742

17

60. ThisisthemostfrequentprimarylungtumorinmenandassociatedwithPTH
secretion.
A.adenocarcinoma
B.carcinoid
C.squamouscellcarcinoma
D.smallcellcarcinoma
Ref.Robbins7thed.Page760
61. Atheroscleroticchangesinthepulmonaryarteriesaregenerallyindicativeofthis
condition.
A.drugabuse
B.hypertension
C.embolism
D.amyloidosis
Ref.Robbins7thed.Page744
KIDNEYANDURINARYSYSTEM
62. MostcommonWHOclassofLupusNephritis.
A.nolesions
B.mesangial
C.focalsegmental
D.diffuseproliferative
Ref.Robbins7thed.Page231
63. A2yearoldboypresentedwithalargewellcircumscribedabdominalmass
involvingbothkidneys.Microscopicexaminationrevealsepithelialtissues,
blastemaandmesenchymaltissues.Thesearediagnosticofwhichofthe
following?
A.Oncocytoma
B.WilmsTumor
C.mesoblasticnephroma
D.Neuroblastoma
th
Ref.Robbins7 ed.Pages504506
64. A55yearoldmalepresentingwithhematuria,flankpainandabdominalmass.
Grossfindingsshowagoldenyellowtumorwithhemorrhageandnecrosis.
Microscopically,thetumorcellsarelarge,withopticallyclearcytoplasm.Whatis
themostlikelydiagnosis?
A.Renalcellcarcinoma
B.Wilmstumor
C.Pheochromocytoma
D.Adenoma
Ref.Robbins7thed.Pages10171018
65. WhichofthefollowingtestsismostvaluableinconfirmingGoodpastures
syndrome?
A.diffuselinearstainingofGBMwithIgG
B.granularlumpybumpydepositsofIgG
C.urinecultureforresistantE.coli
D.diffusethickeningofGBMonelectronmicroscopy
Ref.Robbins7thed.Page975
GIT,LIVER,PANCREAS
66. Thesearelinearlacerationsoccurringalongthegastroesophagealjunctiondue
tofitsofvomitinginalcoholics.
A.esophagealvarices
B.MalloryWeisstears
C.Shatzkisrings
D.Zenkersdiverticula
th
Ref.Robbins7 ed.Page802
67. Thesearegastriculcersassociatedwithextensiveburns.
A.decubitusulcers
B.pepticulcers
C.Curlingsulcers
D.steroidulcers
Ref.Robbins7thed.Pages819820
68. Thisisasolitarycongenitalmalformationinthesmallbowelduetopersistenceof
theomphalomesentericduct.
A.Meckelsdiverticula
B.intussusception
C.omphalocele
D.duplication
Ref.Robbins7thed.Page830
69. A30yearoldScandinavianoftenexperiencesintermittentattacksofdiarrhea,
feverandabdominalpainduringemotionalstress.ExaminationoftheGItract
reveallongitudinalmucosalulcerationsandfistulaswithinterveningunaffected

18

segments.Biopsyshowedtransmuralinflammationandnoncaseating
granulomas.Whatisthemostlikelydiagnosis?
A.Typhoidileitis
B.Tropicalsprue
C.Crohnsdisease
D.Ulcerativecolitis
Ref.Robbins7thed.Pages847848
70. Mostcommoncauseoftransfusionrelatedhepatitis.
A.HepatitisA
B.HepatitisB
C.HepatitisC
D.HepatitisD
Ref.Robbins7thed.Page894
71. Whichofthefollowingisoneofthemostfrequentcausesofacutepancreatitis?
A.periampullarytumors
B.thiazideuse
C.trauma
D.alcoholism
Ref.Robbins7thed.Page942
MALEANDFEMALEREPRODUCTIVESYSTEM
72. Mostcommontypeofgermcelltumorinmenof3rddecade.
A.seminoma
B.embryonalcarcinoma
C.teratoma
D.yolksactumor
Ref.Robbins7thed.Page1041
73. Whichofthefollowingconditionsarecharacterizedbypresenceofendometrial
glandsandstromaoutsidetheuterus?
A.adenomyosis
B.endometriosis
C.atrophicendometrium
D.endometrialhyperplasia
Ref.Robbins7thed.Page1083
74. Thisisahighlymalignantneoplasmcomposedofadualcellpopulationof
cytotrophoblastsandsyncytiotrophoblasts.
A.seminoma
B.completemole
C.choriocarcinoma
D.invasivemole
Ref.Robbins7thed.Page1113
BREAST
75. Thisisthemostcommonbenigntumorofthebreast.
A.fibrocysticdisease
B.fibroadenoma
C.bluntductadenosis
D.intraductalpapilloma
Ref.Robbins7thed.Page1149
76. Thesecomprisemajorityofallinvasiveductalcarcinomas.
A.classic
B.tubular
C.cribriform
D.mucinous
Ref.Robbins7thed.Pages11421143
ENDOCRINESYSTEM
77. A20yearoldfemalepresentedwithmuscleweakness,weightlossandpretibial
myxedema.Examinationofthethyroidshowa3foldincreaseinsize.AntiTSH
receptorswerepositive.Whatisthediagnosis?
A.Acutethyroiditis
B.Hashimotosthyroiditis
C.DeQuervainsthyroiditis
C.Gravesdisease
Ref.Robbins7thed.Pages11721173
78. Fineneedleaspiratesofa40yearoldfemaleshowedatypicalcellswithnuclear
groovesandinclusions,papillaeandpsammomabodies.Whatisthemostlikely
diagnosis?
A.papillarycarcinoma
B.follicularcarcinoma
C.medullarycarcinoma
D.diffusehyperplasia

19

Ref.Robbins7thed.Page1178
79. Thisisthemostcommonthyroidmalignancy.
A.medullarycarcinoma
B.papillarycarcinoma
C.Follicularadenoma
D.follicularcarcinoma
Ref.Robbins7thed.Page1178
80. Theseareadrenalmasseswhichinducesmarkhypertensionsecondaryto
catecholamineproduction.
A.neuroblastomaB.adenocarcinoma
C.pheochromocytomaD.myelolipoma
Ref.Robbins7thed.Pages12191221
81. Thisconditionfollowssuddeninfarctionofthepituitaryglandafterobstetric
hemorrhageorshock.
A.emptysellasyndromeB.craniopharyngioma
C.SheehanssyndromeD.lymphocytichypophysitis
Ref.Robbins7thed.Page1163
82. Thisisthemostcommonsecretingtumorofthepituitarygland.
A.prolactinomaB.growthhormone
C.ACTHD.TSH
Ref.Robbins7thed.Page1160
MUSCULOSKELETALSYSTEM
83. Thisisthemostcommonsofttissuetumorofadulthood.
A.hibernomaB.lipoblastoma
C.lipomaD.histiocytoma
Ref.Robbins7thed.Page1317
84. Myastheniagravisisanautoimmunediseasewithincreasingmusclefatiguewith
useandocularmuscleinvolvement.Whatistargetedbytheantibodydetected?
A.acetylcholinereceptorsB.glomerularbasementmembranes
C.thyroidstimulatinghormoneD.smoothmusclereceptors
Ref.Robbins7thed.Page1344
SKIN
85. Thisisaskinlesionpresentingaspearlypapulesoftencontainingprominent
dilatedsubepidermalbloodvessels.Microscopically,theyarecharacterizedby
peripheralpalisadingoftumorcells,withseparationartifactsandstromalmucin.
Whatisthemostprobablediagnosis?
A.squamouscellcarcinoma
B.Pagetsdisease
C.basalcellcarcinoma
D.trichilemmoma
Ref.Robbins7thed.Pages12421244
86. Mostcommonformofmalignantmelanoma.
A.lentigomaligna
B.superficialspreading
C.nodular
D.acrallentigenous
Ref.Robbins7thed.Pages12341235
87. Severeformoferythemamultiformewithmucosalinvolvement,conjunctivitisand
highfever.
A.Urticaria
B.StevensJohnsonsyndrome
C.xerodermapigmentosum
D.Lupuserythematosus
Ref.Robbins7thed.Pages12551256

20

HEAD,NECKANDEYE
88. Thisisthemostcommonsalivaryglandneoplasm.
A.Warthintumor
B.Oncocytoma
C.Basalcelladenoma
D.Pleomorphicadenoma
Ref.Robbins7thed.Page791
89. Thisisthemostcommonprimarymalignantsalivaryglandtumor.
A.Adenoidcysticcarcinoma
B.Mucoepidermoidcarcinoma
C.Warthintumor
D.Aciniccelltumor
Ref.Robbins7thed.Page793
90. WhichofthefollowingischaracteristicofaWarthintumor?
A.chondromyxoidmatrix
B.sheetsofcellswithclearcytoplasm
C.epithelialandlymphoidelements
D.hyalinematerialinbetweenspaces
Ref.Robbins7thed.Pages792793
NERVOUSSYSTEM
91. ThisisthemostcommonCNStumor.
A.astrocytoma
B.glioblastomamultiforme
C.oligodendroglioma
D.ependymoma
Ref.Robbins7thed.Page1401
100.Whichofthefollowingisthemostcommoncauseofcerebrovascular
accidents?
A.atherosclerosisB.embolic
C.intracerebralhemorrhageD.subarachnoidhemorrhage
Ref.Robbins7thed.Page1363
CELLINJURYANDADAPTATION
2.Anincreaseoftissuevolumeduetotheadditionofnewcellsis:
A.anaplasia
D.metaplasia
B.hyperplasia
C.hypertrophy
Answer:B(RobbinsandCotranPathologicBasisofDisease,7thed.Chapter1p6)
Category:Recall
3.Tissuenecrosisfollowingocclusionofitsbloodsupplyiscalled:
A.passivecongestion
C.infarction
B.inflammation
D.thrombosis
Answer:C(RobbinsandCotranPathologicBasisofDisease,7thed.Chapter4,p137)
Category:Recall
4.Thetypeofnecrosisseenintissueinjuryassociatedwithacutepancreatitisis:
A.traumaticnecrosis
D.enzymaticfatnecrosis
B.coagulationnecrosis
E.cellmediatednecrosis
C.caseationnecrosis
Answer:D(RobbinsandCotranPathologicBasisofDisease,7thed.Chapter1,p22)
Category:Recall
ACUTEANDCHRONICINFLAMMATION

21

5. Macrophages are invariably found in abundance in inflammatory reactions. These

are
derivedfromthe:
A.neutrophils
D.endothelialcells
B.monocytes
E.noneoftheabove
C.lymphocytes
Answer:B(RobbinsandCotranPathologicBasisofDisease,7thed.Chapter1p179.)
Category:Recall
6.Thehallmarkofgranulomatousinflammationisthe:
A.epithelioidcell
D.fibroblast
B.plasmacell
E.giantcell
C.neutrophil
Answer:A(RobbinsandCotranPathologicBasisofDisease,7thed.Chapter1p82.)
Category:Recall
7.Thetypeofcellthatisfirsttomigrateintofociofacuteinflammationisthe:
A. plasma cell
D. polymorphonuclear
leukocyte
B.monocyte
E.fibroblast
C.lymphocyte
Answer:D(RobbinsandCotranPathologicBasisofDisease,7thed.Chapter1p57)
Category:Recall
8.Chronicinflammationmostoftencontains:
A.eosinophils
D.lymphocytes
B.neutrophils
E.endothelialcells
C.basophils
Answer:D(RobbinsandCotranPathologicBasisofDisease,7thed.Chapter2,p.79)
Category:Recall
TISSUEREPAIR
9.Inthecourseofcellularrepair,thereofteniscollagendeposition.Thislargelyisa
functionof:

A.epithelialcells
D.malignantlymphocytes
B.astrocytes
E.plasmacells
C.fibroblasts
Answer:C(RobbinsandCotranPathologicBasisofDisease,7thed.Chapter3,p110.)
Category:Recall
10.Oneofthefollowingisincapableofpostnatalmitosis:
A.myocardium
D.fibroblast
B.bone
E.liverparenchyma
C.skinepithelium
Answer: A (Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease, 7th ed. Chapter 3, p90
91.)
Category:Recall
11.Thehallmarkoftissuehealingis:
A.granulationtissue
C.granuloma
B.exudation
D.lymphocyteinfiltration
Answer:A(RobbinsandCotranPathologicBasisofDisease,7thed.Chapter3,p.107)
Category:Recall
HEMODYNAMICDISORDERS
12.Themainpathogeneticmechanismofedemaininflammatorydiseasesis:
A.increaseosmoticpressure
B.decreasehydrostaticintravascularpressure
C.lowserumalbumin
D.increasevascularpermeability
E.decreasevascularpermeability
Answer:D(RobbinsandCotranPathologicBasisofDisease,7thed.Chapter4P120)
Category:Recall

22

13.Suddendeathinpulmonaryembolismisdueto:
A.acuterightheartfailure
D.superiorvenacavasyndrome
B.cardiactamponade
E.respiratorydistresssyndrome
C.pulmonaryedema
Answer:A(RobbinsandCotranPathologicBasisofDisease,7thed.Chapter4p136)
Category:Application
15.Localizededemaisbestexemplifiedby:
A.lowserumprotein
B.nephriticsyndrome
C.portalhypertension
Answer:D
Category:Recall

D.lymphaticobstruction
E.congestiveheartfailure

DISEASESOFIMMUNITY
16.TumormostcommonlyassociatedwithAIDS:
A.adenocarcinoma
D.melanoma
B.hepatoma
E.lymphoma
C.Kaposissarcoma
Answer:C(RobbinsandCotranPathologicBasisofDisease,7thed.Chapter6p256)
Category:Recall
17.SystemicLupusErythematosusisavariablemultiorgandisease,butin100%of
caseslesionsalwaysoccurinthe:
A.brain
C.spleen
B.liver
D.kidney
Answer:D(RobbinsandCotranPathologicBasisofDisease,7thed.Chapter6p231)
Category:Application
18.Pneumoniacausedbythisorganismisfrequentlythefirstdiagnosedinfectionin
HIVinfectedpersons:
A. Pneumocytstis carinii
C. Cryptococcus
neoformans
B.Aspergilussp.
D.Histoplasmacapsulatum
Answer: A (Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease, 7th ed. Chapter 15,, p
765.)
Category:Recall
PRINCIPLESOFNEOPLASIA
21.Themostfrequentformofcancerinfemales:
A.gastric
D.breast
B.uterine
E.lung
C.colonic
Answer:D(RobbinsandCotranPathologicBasisofDisease,7thed.Chapter7p282.)
Category:Recall
22.Themostcommoncauseofdeathduetocancerinbothmenandwomenis:
A.malignantlymphoma
C.lungcarcinoma
B.colorectalcarcinoma
D.hepatocellularcarcinoma
Answer:C(RobbinsandCotranPathologicBasisofDisease,7thed.Chapter7,p282.)
Category:Recall
INFECTIOUSDISEASES
29.TBandSchistosomacanproduce:
A.ulceration
D.cavitation
B.caseation
E.granuloma
C.meningitis
Answer:E(RobbinsandCotranPathologicBasisofDisease,7thed.Chapter8,p384,
409)

23

Category:Recall

MULTIPLECHOICE:
1.Thehallmarkofacuteinflammationis:
A. Increasedbloodflow
B. Rubor,calor,dolorincreasedpermeabilityofmicrocirculation
C. Increasedvascularpermeability
D. Vascularstasis
2.Themostefficientbactericidalcompoundpresentinneutrophilsisthe:
A. Arachidonicacidmetabolites
C.Lysosomalenzymes
B. H202MPOHalidesystem
D.Hydrogenperoxide
3.Leukotrienesarederivedfromarachidonicacidthroughthehelpofthisenzyme:
A. Phospholipase
C.Cyclooxygenase
B. Lipooxygenase
D.Lipoxins
4.Thehallmarkofchronicinflammationis:
A. Increasedpermeabilityofmicrocirculation
B. Migrationofmacrophagesatsiteofinjury
C. Tissuedestruction
D. Mononuclearcellinfiltration
5.Anexampleoftumorsuppressorgene:
A. p53
B. Cmyc

C.ras
D.bcr

6.Alymphnodebiopsywasdiagnosedastuberculosis.Thistypeofnecrosisis
characteristicof:
A. Coagulative
C.Caseous
B. Liquefactive
D.Gangrenous
7.Whichofthefollowingsubstancesaccumulatesinatheroscleroticbloodvessels?
A. Fattyacids
C.Tryglicerides
B. Cholesterolesters
D.Phospholipids
8."Heartfailurecells"foundinthelungsinChronicPassiveCongestionareactually.
A. Lymphocytes
C.Neutrophils
B. Eosinophils
D.Macrophages
9.TheoutcomeofthrombosiswhereinthethrombitendstoGROWduetodepositionof
additionalplatelets,fibrinandredbloodcells:
A. Resolution
C.Propagation
B. Organization
D.Recanalization
10.Mostcommoncauseofdeathinburnpatientswhogotintoshockis:
A. Sepsis
C.Dehydration
B. CHF
D.Hemorrhage
11.ThistypeofhypersensitivityreactionismediatedbyIgE:
A. TypeI
C.TypeIII
B. TypeII
D.TypeIV
12.Oneofthethreemajorcomponentsofacuteinflammationinclude:
A. Alterationinvascularcaliberthatleadstoadecreaseinbloodflow
B. Structurechangesinthemicrovasculaturepermittingplasmaproteinsand
leukocytestoleavethecirculation
C. Tissuedestruction
D. Healingbyconnectivetissue

24

13.Heatandrednessinacuteinflammationisduetothefollowingpathogenetic
mechanism:
A. Increasedvascularpermeability
C.Stasis
B. Increasedbloodflow
D.Leukocyticmargination
14.Theuterineendometrialliningthickensduringtheproliferativephaseofthe
menstrualcycle.Thisisdueto:
A. Hypertrophy
C.Hyperplasia
B. Dysplasia
D.Metaplasia
15.Whichofthefollowingdisordersismostlikelytobeassociatedwithanexudates
ratherthanatransudate?
A. Congestiveheartfailure
C.Suppurativeinflammation
B. Nephroticsyndrome
D.Peritonitis
17.Theroleofhistamineinacuteinflammatoryresponseinclude:
A. Plateletreleaseandaggregation
B. Increasedvascularpermeabilityofthevenules
C. Increasedvascularpermeabilityofthearterioles
D. Membranelysis
18.ThecentralfigureinchronicinflammationistheMacrophagebecauseofitsrolein:
A. Breakdownofcollagenandfibronectin
B. Productionof02andNitricoxidemetabolites
C. Emigrationfromthebloodstreamtositeofinjury
D. Inhibitionbycytokinesandoxidizedlipids
19.Abiopsyofthestomachrevealanareaofmalignantchangecharacterizedby
varisized,compactlyarrangedneoplasticglandslinedbymoderatelydifferentiated
cells.Whichofthefollowingtermsrefertomalignanttumorofglandularepithelium?
A. Sarcoma
C.Teratoma
B. Choristoma
D.Adenocarcinoma
20.WhichofthefollowingstatementsinNOTtrueofredinfarcts?
A. Itoccursinorganswithdoublebloodsupply
B. Commonlyfoundintheheartandkidneys
C. Seeninvenousocclusionwithinfarction
D. Seeninorganswithwelldevelopedanastomosis
21.Whichofthefollowingconditionsisacomplicationofbothdirectinjuriestothelungs
andsystemicdisorders?
A. Atelectasis
C.Diffusealveolardamage
B. Pulmonaryedema
D.Pulmonarycongestion
22.Whichofthefollowingconditionsofthelungischaracterizedbyabnormalpermanent
enlargementoftheairspacedistaltotheterminalbronchioleaccompaniedby
destructionoftheirwallswithoutobviousfibrosis?
A. Emphysema
C.Chronicbronchitis
B. Bronchialasthma
D.Bronchiectasis
23.Aspectrumofimmunologicallymediatedpredominantlyinterstitiallungdisorders
causedbyintenseoftenprolongedexposuretoinhaledorganicdustsand
occupationalantigensis:
A. Pulmonaryalveolarproteinosis
B. Bronchiolisobliteransorganizingpneumonia
C. Desquamativeinterstitialpneumonitis
D. Hypersensitivitypneumonitis
24.Anacutefebrilerespiratorydiseasecharacterizedbypatchyinflammatorychanges
inthelungsconfinedtothealveolarseptaandpulmonaryinterstitium:
A. Primaryatypicalpneumonia
C.Bronchopneumonia
B. Lobarpneumonia
D.Lobularbronchopneumonia

25

25.Asystemicdiseaseofunknowncausecharacterizedbynoncaseatinggranulomain
manytissuesandorgansparticularlyinthehilarlymphnodes,lungs,eye,andskin
is:
A. Silicosis
C.Idiopathicpulmonaryfibrosis
B. Sarcoidosis
D.Asbestosis
26.Mostcommonbenigntumorofthelungdiscoveredincidentallyasacoinlesionon
routineXRayexaminationis:
A. Bronchialcarcinoids
C.Hamartoma
B. Thymoma
D.Bronchogeniccyst
27.Mostcommoncauseofaspirationpneumoniaishospitalizedpatients:
A. Streptococcuspneumonia
C.Haemophilusinfluenzae
B. Staphylococcusaureus
D.Pseudomonasaeroginosa
28.Mostcommontypeofasthmathatbeginsinchildhoodandtriggeredby
environmentalantigenssuchasdust,pollensandfoodis:
A. Nonatopicasthma
C.Atopicasthma
B. Druginducedasthma
d.OccupationalAsthma
29.Mostcommonmanifestationofasbestosexposureoftencontainingcalciumseenon
theanteriorandposterioraspectoftheparietalpleura:
A. Asbestosbody
C.Ferruginousbodies
B. Plaques
D.Amphibole
30.Whichofthefollowingsyndromeischaracterizedbytheappearanceofproliferative
glomerulonephritisandnecrotizinghemorrhagicinterstitialpneumonitis?
A. Goodpasturesyndrome
C.Karteagnersyndrome
B. Paraneoplasticsyndrome
D.LambertEatonmyasthenicsyndrome
31.Mostcommonlocationofsecondarytuberculosisinthelung:
A. Hilararea
C.Peripheral
B. Base
D.Apex
32.Afatalcomplicationofrupturedaorticaneurysmandvasculartrauma:
A. Chylothorax
C.Hydrothorax
B. Hemothorax
D.Empyema
33.MangJuanito,60yearoldman,hasbeensmokingformanyyears,heexperienced
chroniccoughandweightlossforthepast6months,nofevernonauseaand
vomiting.HehadoneboutofhemoptysisandwenttotheERforconsultation.Xray
showsa6cmmassonthemedialupperlobe.Bronchoscopyshowsamassonthe
segmentalbronchus.Whichofthefollowingcytologicfindingsislikelytobefoundin
thispatient?
A. Presenceofacidfastorganismonsputumexam
B. Presenceofmalignantsquamouscellsinsputum
C. Presenceofnumerousnecroticdebrisandinflammatorycellsinsputum
D. Presenceofreactivemesothelialcellsinpleuralfluidexam
35.MangTony,55yearoldmanhasnomajormedicalproblemsinthepastyear,4
monthspriortoconsultationthepatientexperiencemalaiseandweightlossof10kg.
Thepatientisanonsmoker,nofever,nodifficultyofbreathing.ChestXrayshowsa
multiplesolidnodulesscatteredthroughoutthelungfields.Whatisthemostlikely
diagnosis?
A. Bronchogeniccarcinoma
C.Malignantmesothelioma
B. Metastaticcarcinoma
D.Bronchioalveolarcarcinoma
36.MangTomas,45yearoldmanhadanepisodeofmyocardialinfarctionhewas
broughttotheemergencyroomandwasintubated.Uponintubationhesuffers
aspirationofgastriccontents.Forthenext5dayshedevelopsnonreproductive
coughandfever.ChestXrayshowsa3cmmassintherightlungwithelevatedair
fluidlevel.Whatisthemostlikelydiagnosis?
A. Bronchopulmonarysequestration
C.Atelectasis
B. Bronchiectasis
D.Lungabscess

26

37.Hemodynamicpulmonaryedemaseenincongestiveheartfailureisdueto:
A. Increasedoncoticpressure
C.Increasedhydrostaticpressure
B. Decreasedinterstitialosmoticpressure
D.Increasedalbumin
38.Suddendeathinpatientswithpulmonaryembolismiscausedby:
A. Blockageofbloodflowthroughthelungs
B. Atelectasis
C. Developmentofchronicobstructivepulmonarydisease
D. Developmentofpulmonaryhypertension
39.Alymphohematogenousdisseminationofpulmonarytuberculosiswouldgiveriseto:
A. Vacitaryfibrocaseoustuberculosis
C.Tuberculousbronchopneumonia
B. Pottsdisease
D.Miliarytuberculosis
40.Theplausiblemechanisminthedevelopmentofemphysemais:
A. Increasereleaseofelastaseinneutrophilsandmacrophages
B. Increasealpha1antitrypsinenzyme
C. Presenceofobstructionofatumorofforeignbodywithconcomitantinfection
D. Increaseresponsivenessofthebronchialtree
41.Themajorcauseofceliacsprueis:
A. Bacterialinfection
B. DeficiencyofVitaminB12
C. Hypersensitivitytogliadinfractionofwheatgluten
D. Lymphaticobstruction
43.Thehistologiccriterionforthediagnosisofacuteappendicitisisbasedonfindingthis
typeofcellinfiltratingthemuscularispropia:
A. Histiocytes
C.Lymphocytes
B. Monocytes
D.Neutrophils
45.Disaccharidasedeficiencyisclassifiedunderwhichofthefollowingmajorcausesof
malabsorptionsyndrome:
A. DefectiveIntraluminaldigestion
B. Lymphaticobstruction
C. Primarymucosalcellabnormalities
D. Reducedsmallintestinalsurfacearea
46.Inulcerativecolitis,inflammationislimitedtothe:
A. Mucosa
C.Serosa
B. Submucosa
D.Transmurallayer
Answer:mucosaandsubmucosaonly
47.Largeareasofhemorrhagicgreenulcerationofthemucosaandgreenblack
necrosisthroughthewall,extendingtotheserosaoftheappendixismostlikely
associatedtowhichofthefollowingstagesofacuteappendicitis?
A. Acutegangrenousappendicitis
C.Acutesuppurativeappendicitis
B. Earlyacuteappendicitis
D.Rupturedacuteappendicitis
48.Leon,25yearoldmalecomplainedofintermittentdiarrheaandlowerabdominal
pain.AnupperGIseriesshowedsegmentalnarrowingintheileum.Microscopic
findingsofthelesionshowedinflammationfromthemucosatotheserosawiththe
presenceofnoncaseatinggranulomas.Themostlikelydiagnosisis:
A. Celiacsprue
C.Crohn'sdisease
B. Tropicalsprue
D.Whipple'sdisease
49.Henry,45yearold,malesuffersfromepisodicabdominalbloatingwithflatulence
andexplosivediarrheaafterattendingaweeklongcommunitycelebrationofthe
dairyindustryduringtherestoftheyear,hedoesnotconsumemilkshakesorice
creamandisnotsymptomatic.Whichofthefollowingconditionsbestaccountsfor
thesefindings?
A. Celiacsprue
C.Disaccharidasedeficiency
B. Ulcerativecolitis
D.Whipple'sdisease
50.Josie,40yearoldfemale,hasatotalserumbilirubinconcentrationof8.9mg/dland

27

adirectbilirubinlevelof6.8mg/dl.TheserumAlanineaminotrasferase(ALT)levelis
125U/L,andtheaspartateaminotransferase(AST)levelis108U/L.Aliverbiopsy
showshistologicfindingscharacteristicforSclerosingcholangitis.Whichofthe
followinggastrointestinaltractdiseaseismostlikelytocoexistinthispatient?
A. Celiacsprue
C.Tropicalsprue
B. Ulcerativecolitis
D.Whipple'sdisease
51.Amiddleagedmalecomplainsoffoodstickingsomewherebetweenmouthand
stomach.Monometryrevealsaperistalsis.Themostpossiblediagnosisis:
A. Stenosisduetoseveregastroesophagealreflux
B. Paraesophagealhiatalhernia
C. Achalasia
D. Zenker'sdiverticulum
52.Joshua,25yearold,medicalstudentdevelopedsharpepigastricpainrelievedby
eating.AnupperG.I.seriesdemonstrateda1cmgastriculcer.Whichofthe
followingfeaturesisnotcompatiblewiththeclinicalfindings?
A. Thesizeoftheulcerdoesnotdifferentiateabenignfrommalignantulcer.
B. Heapingupmarginisrareinthebenignulcerbutcharacteristicofmalignant
lesion
C. Thebaseofthepepticulcerissmoothandclean
D. Ulcerativelesioninthegreatercurvatureismorelikelytobeclassicpepticulcer
53.Joan,25yearold,female,developeddiarrhea,abdominalpain,andrectalbleeding.
Sigmoidoscopyshowednumerousulcers.Idiopathicinflammatoryboweldisease
wasconsidered.WhichofthefollowingfindingsismorecompatibletoCrohn's
Diseasethantoulcerativecolitis?
A. Cryptabscessformationdeepinmucosa
B. Increaseincidenceofadenocarcinomaofcolon
C. Pseudopolypformationbetweenulcers
D. Presenceofgranulomasinthecolonicwall
54.Cesar,35yearoldmalehadahistoryofheartburn,regurgitationofsourbrash,
dyspnea,burningesophagealpainandslowlybutprogressivedysphagia.Hewas
admittedtotheemergencyroombecauseoflobarpneumonia.Themostpossible
causeofhispneumoniaisduetoaspirationandcanbeattributedtowhichofthe
followingconditions?
A. Esophagealatresia
C.Slidinghiatalhernia
B. Refluxesophagitis
D.Esophagealdiverticulum
55.Imelda,6yearold,girl,hadablocky,reddishbrownrashandwastreatedwith
aspirin,shedevelopedfattychangeoftheliver.Themostlikelydiagnosisis:
A. SubacuteSclerosingpanencephalitis
B. VaricellaZosterinfection
C. Reye'ssyndrome
D. Poliomyelitis
56.Ronnie,45yearold,alcoholicwentonabingefor2weeks.Hewasfoundcomatose
andinliverfailure.Hisliveratautopsyshowedseveralhepatocyteswithhyaline
Mallorybodiesinthecytoplasm.Thisfindingismosttypicalof:
A. Alcoholichepatitis
C.Hepaticsteatosis
B. Alcoholiccirrhosis
D.Hepatocellulartumor
57.Fely,18yearold,female,presentswithabdominalpainlocalizedtotherightlower
quadrant,nauseaandvomiting,mildfever,andanelevationoftheperipheral
leukocytecountto17x109/L.Examinationofthesurgicallyresectedappendixismost
likelytoreveal:
A. Anappendixwithnormalappearance
B. Neutrophilswithinthemuscularwall
C. Lymphoidhyperplasiaandmultinucleatedgiantcellswithinthemuscularwall
D. Adilatedlumenfilledwithmucus
58.Nelia,38yearold,female,complainsoffatigueandpruritus.Sheisfoundtohave
highserumalkalinephosphataseandslightlyelevatedserumbilirubinlevels,and
serumantimitochondrialautobodiesarepresent.Aliverbiopsyrevealsamarked

28

Lymphocyticinfiltrateintheportaltracts.Occasionalgranulomasarealsoseen.The
mostlikelydiagnosisis:
A. PrimarySclerosingcholangitis
C.ViralhepatitisBinfection
B. Primarybiliarycirrhosis
D.Impactedgallstone
59.Thefindingsofmultiple,pale,yellow,hardroundstoneswithinthegallbladderis
NOTassociatedwithwhichofthefollowing?
A. Oralcontraceptive
C.Obesity
B. Biliaryinfection
D.Hyperlipidemiasyndromes
60.Dilatedsinusoidsandirregularcysticspacesfilledwithbloodwithintheliverwhich
mayruptureleadingtomassiveintraabdominalhemorrhage,aremostcommonly
associatedwith:
A. Salicylates
C.Estrogen
B. Anabolicsteroids
D.Acetaminophen
61.Transmuralinfarctscommonlyinvolvethesethreearterialvesselsoftheheart.The
LEASTaffectedoneisthe:
A. Leftanteriordescending
C.Rightcoronary
B. Leftcircumflex
D.Rightcircumflex
62.Theheatfailurecellsarebynature:
A. Alveolarliningcells
C.Polymorphonuclearcells
B. Macrophages
D.Eosinophils
63.Anginathatisunstableisclinicallydescribedas:
A. Transient
C.Precipitatedbyphysicalstress
B. Relievedbyrest
D.Progressive
64.Thisorganisnotprominentaffectedinrightsidedfailure:
A. Liver
C.Kidneys
B. Lungs
D.Brain
65.Acardiacmassformaninfantonmicroscopicexaminationrevealed"spidercells".
Whattypeoftumoristhis?
A. Leiomyoma
C.Rhabdomyoma
B. Myxoma
D.Fibroma
66.Casesofpatentductusarteriosusthatarenotisolatedarecommonlyassociated
withthefollowingconditions,Except:
A. VSD
C.Coarctation
B. ASD
D.Pulmonarystenosis
67.HistopathologyexaminationoftheheartofapatientwhodiedofAMIshowed
coagulativenecrosis,edema,hemorrhageandneutrophilicinfiltrates.Howoldisthe
infarct?
A. 30minutes
C.1day
B. 12hours
D.1week
68.Noli,15yearold,student,hadsorethroatandaweeklaterdevelopedswollenjoints
andamurmurintheaorticvalvearea.Whatisthediagnosis?
A. Infectiveendocarditis
C.SLE
B. Rheumaticheartdisease
D.Diphtheria
69.Daniel,35yearoldman,whorecentlyhadaninfarctdevelopedaloudpericardial
frictionrub.Thisisdueto:
A. Anotherinfarct
C.Serouspericarditis
B. Purulentpericarditis
D.Fibrinouspericarditis
70.George,40yearoldmale,diedofsepsiswithDIC.Uponautopsy,smallmassesof
fibrinthrombiwereseenintheheartvalves.Howdoyouinterpretthis?
A. Patienthadinfectiveendocarditis
C.PatienthadNBTE
B. Patienthadrheumaticheartdisease D.Itisnormalfinding
71.Thebilesaltsaidintheemulsificationofdietaryfatsintheintestines.Theyare
composedofbileacidsthathavebeenconjugatedwith:

29

A. Albumin
B. Aminoacid

C.Glucoronicacid
D.Glucose

72.Themilkyappearanceofserumafterfatingestioniscalledpostprandiallipemia.The
lipemicappearanceiscausedbythepresenceof:
A. Cholesterol
C.Fattyacids
B. Chylomicrons
D.Phospholipids
73.Whichofthefollowingapolipoproteins,whenpresentinanincreasedconcentration,
wouldbeassociatedwithadecreasedriskofcoronaryarterydisease?
A. ApoAI
C.ApoB100
B. ApoB48
D.ApoCII
74.Whichtypeofinflammationismostcharacteristicofacuterheumaticfever?
A. Myocarditis
C.Pancarditis
B. Pericarditis
D.Endocarditis
75.Thisdiseaseoftheheartpresentsonearlycyanosis:
A. Atrialseptaldefect
C.Patentductusarteriosus
B. Truncusarteriosus
D.Atrioventricularseptaldefect
76.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutheartfailureistrue?
A. Rightsidedfailuremayresultinhepatomegaly
B. Corpulmonaleusuallyisduetoseverepulmonicstenosis
C. Theclinicalmanifestationofheartfailuremostcommonlyreflectrightsided
failure
D. Dyspneaisaresultofbloodstasisintheextremities
77.Whichofthefollowingdiseasesresultsfromafamilialabsenceofhighdensity
lipoprotein?
A. Krabbe's
C.Gaucher's
B. Tangier
D.TaySachs
78.Theenzymethatexistschieflyinskeletalmuscle,heartandbrainisgrosslyactive
musculardystrophyandrisesearlyinmyocardialinfarctionis:
A. Lipase
C.Transminase
B. Lactatedehydrogenase
D.Creatinekinase
79.Juanito,34yearoldwasfoundtohavetotalcholesterolof225mg/dlandanHDL
cholesterolof83mg/dl.Basedontheseresults,thisindividual:
A. Isaborderlinehighriskofcoronaryheartdisease
B. Shouldbecounseledtomodifyhisdiettoreducehistotalcholesterol
C. Shouldbeconsultedtoseehisphysicianimmediatetofollowuptesting
D. Isprobablynotborderlinehighriskforcoronaryheartdisease.
80.Abloodspecimenisdrawnforlipoproteinphenotyping.Thetestresultsobtainedare:
1. Triglycerides235mg/dl(NV40164mg/dl)
2. Totalcholesterol190mg/dl(NVlessthan200mg/dl)
3. Prebetalipoproteinfractionincreased
4. Betalipoproteinfractionnormal
5. Chylomicronspresent
6. Serumappearancemilky
Thebestexplanationfortheseresultswouldbethattheindividualexhibited
characteristicof:
A. Anormalindividual
C.TypeIIhyperlipoproteinemia
B. Anonfastingserumprotein
D.TypeIVhyperlipoproteinemia
81.HemoglobinBart'siscomposedof:
A. Fouralphachains
B. Fourbetachains

C.Fourgammachains
D.Twoalpha,twobetachains

82.HowellJollybodiesarecomposedof:
A. DNA
B. RNA

C.Iron
D.Mitochondria

30

83.Themostmaturecellthatcanundergomitosisisthe:
A. Myeloblast
C.Metamyelocyte
B. Promyelocyte
D.Myelocyte
84.Vasodilationandbronchoconstrictionwouldbeassociatedwithwhichbloodcell:
A. Eosinophilic
C.Basophils
B. Neutrophils
D.Monocytes
85.Lymphocytesthatproduceimmunoglobulinsinresponsetoantigenicstimulationare
designated:
A. BLymphocytes
C.Plasmacells
B. Tlymphocytes
D.Thymocytes
86.ToxicgranulationismostcommonlyobservedasaCytoplasmicinclusionof:
A. Lymphocytes
C.Monocytes
B. Eosinophils
D.Neutrophils
87.WhichofthefollowingorgansisNOTasiteforhematopoiesisinthefetus?
A. Liver
C.Spleen
B. Bonemarrow
D.Kidney
88.Inearlyinfancythemostnumerouscellsofthebonemarroware:
A. Erythroblasts
C.Granulocyticprecursors
B. Lymphocytes
D.Histiocytesmonocytes
89.Whichcellclassificationisdescribedbythefollowing:Secondmostnumerouscellin
thebloodusuallysmallandroundintenselybluecytoplasmandnucleuswith
clumpeddarkpurplechromatin?
A. Monocyte
C.Lymphocyte
B. Nullcell
D.Plasmacyte
90.Whichofthefollowingismostvariableinnormalmarrow?
A. Differentialcountof500cells
C.M:Eratio
B. Cellularity
D.Ironstage
91.WhichofthefollowingisnotacrucialareaofRBCsurvivalandfunction?
A. IntegrityofRBCcellularmembrane C.Cellmetabolism
B. Intravascularhemolysis
D.hemoglobinstructure
92.Whichofthefollowinggroupsofabnormalhemoglobinsareunabletotransportor
deliveroxygen?
A. Carboxyhemoglobinandmethemoglobin
B. Methemoglobinandfetalhemoglobin
C. Carboxyhemoglobin,sulfhemoglobin,andfetalhemoglobin
D. Carboxyhemoglobin,methemoglobinandsulfhemoglobin
93.Productionofprimarygranulesceasesandproductionofsecondarygranules
commenceswithwhatcellstage?
A. Myelocyte
C.Myeloblast
B. Promyelocyte
D.Metamyelocyte
94.AdecreasedinwhichofthefollowinglaboratoryresultsisNOTausualdiagnostic
criterionforanemia?
A. Hemoglobin
C.hematocrit
B. Plateletcount
D.RBCcount
95.Whatisdiagnosticvalueofreticulocytecountintheevaluationofanemia?
A. Determinesresponseandpotentialofthebonemarrow
B. Determinescompensationmechanismsforanemia
C. DeterminesthecorrectedRBCcountafterthecalculation
D. DeterminesthepotentialsamplingerrorforRBCcount
96.Abonemarrowhaslargecellsthathaveeccentricpyknoticnuclei.Thecytoplasmof
thesecellstainsverypaleandhasastriatedappearance:

31

A. Megakaryoblasts
B. ReedSternbergcells

C.Gaucher'scells
D.Largemyeloblasts

97.WhichofthefollowingisNOTafactortobeevaluatedintheinterpretationofabone
marrowaspiratesmear?
A. Maturationofredandwhitebloodcellsseries
B. M:Eratio
C. Typeandamountofhemoglobin
D. Estimateofbonemarrowactivity
98.Lito27yearoldhasatotalWBCcountof4x109/L.Thedifferentialcountisas
follows:
Neutrophils28(NV.56)
Lypmhocytes65(NV.34)
Band.02(NV.2)
Monocytes.5(NV.4)
Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?
A. Thepercentageoflymphocytesisnormal
B. Theabsolutenumberoflymphocytesislow
C. Thereisanabsolutelymphocytosis
D. Thereisarelativelymphocytosis
100.Theprincipaldefectinchronicgranulomatousdiseaseisin:
A. Chemotaxis
C.Phagocytosis
B. Lysosomalfunction
D.Productionofoxygenandradical
Reference:PathologicBasisofDisease6thEdition
SIMPLE MULTIPLE CHOICE. CHOOSE THE BEST ANSWER.
ENDOCRINE PATHOLOGY
1. A patient with tremors and with exopthalmos has enlarged thyroid gland. If
thyroidectomy is done the thyroid would exhibit this type of cellular adaptation.
A. Hyperplasia
C. Metaplasia
B. Hypertrophy
D. Dysplasia
th
Robbins 7 Edition Chapter 24, Page 1166
2. This is characterized by hard, fixed thyroid gland associated with extensive
fibrosis that is contiguous with adjacent neck structures
A. Hashimotos thyroiditis
C. Granulomatous thyroidis
B. Riedels thyroiditis
D. Graves disease
th
Robbins 7 Edition Chapter 24, Page 1171
3. A medical student who suddenly developed marked tetany and parasthesia and
later on was found out that she was suffering from a parathyroid problem. Your
diagnosis would be:
A. hypoparathyroidism
C. parathyroid carcinoma
B. parathyroid adenoma
D. parathyroid hypoplasia
Robbins 7th Edition Chapter 24, Page 1167
4. Microscopic sections of a 3 cm solitary thyroid nodule show proliferating fetal
type of thyroid follicles with a focus a transcapsular invasion. Your diagnosis
would be:
A. Papillary carcinoma
C. Medullar thyroid
carcinoma
B. Follicular carcinoma
D. Anaplastic thyroid
carcinoma
Robbins 7th Edition Chapter 24, Page 1177
5. Which of the following thyroid malignancy has the highest mortality?
A. Papillary carcinoma
C. Medullary carcinoma
B. Follicular carcinoma
D. Anaplastic thyroid
carcinoma
Robbins 7th Edition Chapter 24, Page 1178

32

6. Orphan- Annie nuclei is a characteristic nuclear feature of this thyroid malignancy

A. Papillary carcinoma
C. Medullary carcinoma
B. Follicular carcinoma
D. Anaplstic carcinoma
th
Robbins 7 Edition Chapter 24, Page 1178
GIT, LIVER, AND HBT
7. Barretts esophagus shows this adoptive cellular change
A. Hyperplasia
C. Metaplasia
B. Hypertrophy
D. Dysplasia
th
Robbins 7 Edition Chapter 1, Page 10
8. The hallmark of irreversible liver injury
A. fatty change
B. cellular swelling
Robbins 7th Edition Chapter 18, Page 881

C. fibrosis
D. bridging necrosis

9. The usual site of pancreatic malignancy is:

A. Head
B. Body
th
Robbins 7 Edition Chapter 19, Page 950

C. tail
D. accessory pancreas

10. Alpha feto protein is requested for the detection of this liver neoplasm
A. Hepatoma
C. Metastatic carcinoma
B. Cholangiocarcinoma
D. Klatskin tumor
Robbins 7th Edition Chapter 7, Page 339
11. An enlarged axillary lymph node excised from a 53 year old female presenting
with an ill defined, fixed palpable firm mass at the right upper outer quadrant
would probably show
A. Metastatic tumor
C. Primary malignant tumor
B. Benign tumor
D. Hamartomatous tumor
th
Robbins 7 Edition Chapter 7, Page 279
12. This lesion is grossly seen as linear laceration in the gastroesophageal area
A. Barretts esophagus
C. Esophageal varices
B. Mallory weiss
D. Severe esophagitis
Robbins 7th Edition Chapter 17, Page 802
13. This is an premalignant colonic polyp
A. Hamartomatous polyp
B. Adenomatous polyp
Robbins 7th Edition Chapter 17, Page 857

C. Puetz Jegher polyp

D. Inflammatory polyp

14. Which is true of chronic gastritis?

A. H. pylori organisms aggregates along metaplastic epithelium
B. It is grossly seen as multiple ulceration
C. It is a common cause of gastric malignancy
D. It commonly presents as bleeding
Robbins 7th Edition Chapter 2417, Page 813
15. The type of ulcer produced by this organism is flask shaped
A. M. tuberculosis
C. Samonella
B. E. histolytica
D. Crohns disease
th
Robbins 7 Edition Chapter 17, Page 839
16. Malignant transformation is a common complication of this lesion
A. Achalasia
C. Peptic ulcer
B. Mallory weiss
D. Fraction diverticulum
Robbins 7th Edition Chapter 17, Page 800
17. You would think of a malignant ulcer if this gross feature is seen
A. converging mucosal fold
C. edematous border

33

B. uneven borders
edge of the ulcer
Robbins 7th Edition Chapter 17, Page 850
18. Most common malignancy of the appendix is:
A. Carcinoid
B. Lymphoma
Robbins 7th Edition Chapter 17, Page 871

D. mucosa overhungs the

C. Squamous cell carcinoma

D. Seminoma

19. A gastric carcinoma that metastasize in the periumbillical area is called:

A. Virchows nodule
C. Krukenberg tumor
B. Sister Mary Joseph nodule
D. Linitis plastica
th
Robbins 7 Edition Chapter 17, Page 825
20. Stercoral ulcer are associated with this disease:
A. Meckels diverticulum
B. Chronic gastritis
Robbins 7th Edition Chapter 17, Page 830

C. Gastric malignancy
D. Congenital megacolon

21. Most common location of gastric carcinoma

A. Fundus
B. Body
Robbins 7th Edition Chapter 17, Page 822

C. Cardia
D. Antrum

22. Nutmeg liver is the gross appearance of the liver in:

A. acute left ventricular failure
C. malnutrition
B. portal vein thrombosis
D. chronic right ventricular
failure
Robbins 7th Edition Chapter 4, Page 123
CELLULAR REACTION TO INJURY (CRI)
23. Atrophy of myocardial fibers would show this cellular accumulation
A. Hemosiderophage
C. Councilman bodies
B. Lipofuscin
D. Bilirubin pigments
Robbins 7th Edition Chapter 1, Page 8
24. The deepest layer of an ulcer is made up of which of these?
A. vessel proliferation
C. fibrosis
B. necrotic tissues
D. mixed inflammatory cells
Robbins 7th Edition Chapter 2, Page 77
25. Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection would show this type of necrosis.
A. Coagulation
C. Liquefaction
B. Caseation
D. Gangrenous
Robbins 7th Edition Chapter 8, Page 383
26. Which of the following is an irreversible form of cellular injury?
A. Nuclear pyknosis
C. Mitochondrial swelling
B. Dilatation of ER
D. Plasma membrane blebs
th
Robbins 7 Edition Chapter 1, Page 12
NEOPLASIA
27. Cervical biopsy of a 32 year old female with cervical erosion shows squamous
epithelium that exhibits some atypia and loss of polarity. This adoptive response
is:
A. Hyperpalsia
C. Metaplasia
B. Hypertrophy
D. Dysplasia
Robbins 7th Edition Chapter 7, Page 274
28. This is the most activated oncogene in adenomas and colon cancers:
A. Bax gene
C. K-ras
B. APC
D. p-53
Robbins 7th Edition Chapter 7, Page 317

34

29. Absolute lymphocytosis, lymphoblasts, many small

peripheral smears is a characteristic of this type of
A. ALL
B. AML
Robbins 7th Edition Chapter 14, Page 670
30. This is not a common complication of leukemia:
A. gout
B. infection
Robbins 7th Edition Chapter 14, Page 667

mature lymphocytes in the

leukemia:
C. CLL
D. CML

C. diabetes
D. anemia

31. Identification of Reed-Sternberg cells will lead you to think of this tumor:
A. Non-hodgkins lymphoma
C. Burkitts lymphoma
B. Hodgkins lymphoma
D. hairy cell leukemia
th
Robbins 7 Edition Chapter 14, Page 686
32. A malignant epithelial tumor is referred to as:
A. carcinoma
B. adenoma
Robbins 7th Edition Chapter 7, Page 271

C. sarcoma
D. lymphoma

33. Loss of organizational, structural and functional differentiation of cell is known

as:
A. Neoplasia
C. hyperchromaticity
B. Anaplasia
D. dysplasia
Robbins 7th Edition Chapter 7, Page 272
34. A well differentiated tumor means:
A. The tumor is severely anaplastic
B. The tumor still looks like the tissue where it originates
C. The tumor would be very pleomorphic
D. The tumor is benign
Robbins 7th Edition Chapter 7, Page 281
35. Which of the following is a benign tumor ?
A. Hepatoma
B. Retinoblast
Robbins 7th Edition Chapter 7, Page 273

C. Hemangioma
D. Sarcoma

36. Which of the following is the pre-cancerous lesion

A. CIN
C. Fibroepithelial polyp
B. Adenomatous polyp
D. Ulcerative colitis
Robbins 7th Edition Chapter 25, Page 1238
37. Aniline dye and rubber can cause malignancy to this organ
A. Cervix
C. Skin
B. Liver
D. Urinary bladder
Robbins 7th Edition Chapter 21, Page 1032
INFLAMMATION
38. A hypertrophied scar would show this feature.
A. Angiogenesis
B. Lymphoid follicle formation
C. Presence of harphazardly arranged bundles of collagen
D. Aggregates of epitheloid histiocytes
th
Robbins 7 Edition Chapter 3, Page 115
39. The main difference between healing by primary intention and secondary
intention is:
A. Leukocyte migration
C. Fibrosis
B. Amount of Granulation tissue
D. Contraction

35

Robbins 7th Edition Chapter 3, Page 113

40. This process is always seen in chronic inflammation:
A. Proliferation of blood vessels
C. Emigration of neutrophils
B. Increase in edema fluid
D. Incerase premeability of
blood vessels
Robbins 7th Edition Chapter 2, Page 79
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
41. Pulmonary embolism could lead to this type of shock
A. Neurogenic shock
C. Hypovolemic shock
B. Cardiogenic shock
D. Septic shock
th
Robbins 7 Edition Chapter 4, Page 139
42. The mechanism of adult respiratory distress syndrome is:
A. deficiency in pulmonary surfactant
C. diffuse damage to the
alveolar capillary wall
B. increased hydrostatic pressure
D. inflammatory reaction to
microorganisms
Robbins 7th Edition Chapter 15, Page 715
43. Posterior mediastinal rest of the lungs tissue with no connection to the air way
system is known as:
A. Bronchiectasis
C. teratoma
B. pulmonary sequestration
D. hamartoma
th
Robbins 7 Edition Chapter 17, Page 799
44. This syndrome is characterized by bronchiectasis, sinusitis and sinus inversus
caused by defect in ciliary motility
A. Kartagener
C. Pulmonary sequestration
B. Cystic fibrosis
D. Mesothelioma
th
Robbins 7 Edition Chapter 15, Page 727
45. Viral pneumonias typically presents in the lungs as:
A. lymphoplasmacytic infiltrates within the alveolar sacs
B. mononuclear cells within the septa
C. accumulation of neutrophils in one lobar segment
D. neutrophils in the peribronchiolar area
Robbins 7th Edition Chapter 15, Page 751
46. Most common cause of community acquired pneumonia is:
A. Klebsiella
C. Strep pneumonia
B. Haemophilus influenza
D. Staph aureus
th
Robbins 7 Edition Chapter 15, Page 748
47. This is the second stage in the evolution of the lobar pneumonia:
A. Congestion
C. Resolution
B. Gray hepatization
D. Red hepatization
Robbins 7th Edition Chapter 15, Page 750
48. This type of malignancy is commonly seen in the periphery of the lungs
A. Oat cell carcinoma
C. Adenocarcinoma
B. Squamous cell carcinoma
D. Small cell carcinoma
th
Robbins 7 Edition Chapter 15, Page 760
49. Collapse of lung secondary to air in the pleural cavity is an example of:
A. Compression atelectasis
C. Patchy atelectasis
B. Resorption atelectasis
D. Contraction atelectasis
Robbins 7th Edition Chapter 15, Page 714
50. This lung disease exhibits smooth muscle hyperplasia of the bronchial walls
A. Emphysema
C. Asthma

36

B. Bronchitis
Robbins 7th Edition Chapter 15, Page 723

D. Bronchiectasis

51. This finding in the pulmonary vessel would indicate advance pulmonary
hypertension
A. Medial hypertrophy
C. Plexogenic arteriopathy
B. Internal hyperplasia
D. Pulmonary embolus
Robbins 7th Edition Chapter 15, Page 744
52. The usual source of pulmonary embolism is:
A. Bronchus
B. Deep leg veins
th
Robbins 7 Edition Chapter 4, Page 136

C. mitral valve
D. left atrium

53. Squamous cell carcinoma would normally spread via

A. Lymphatic route
C. Direct extension
B. Hematogenous route
D. It does not metastasize
Robbins 7th Edition Chapter 7, Page 279
THE HEART
For question number 58 59
A 25 year old female presents with a history of recurrent fever and arthralgia
accompanied by ECG changes and increased ASO titer in the past 2 years. The physical
examination reveals a cardiac murmur.
54. What is the clinical impression?
A. Acute Rheumatic Fever
B. Chronic Rheumatic Heart Disease
th
Robbins 7 Edition Chapter 12, Page 592
55. The murmur is caused by;
A. Anemia
B. Valve deformity
blood
th
Robbins 7 Edition Chapter 12, Page 592

C. Infective Endocarditis
D. Aortic Calcific Stenosis

C. Contraction deformity
D. Change in consistency of

56. Hemorrhagic infarct is the expected lesion in thromboembolism to:

A. Renal artery
C. Mesenteric artery
B. Coronary artery
D. Splenic artery
Robbins 7th Edition Chapter 4, Page 138
57. The earliest microscopic sign of myocardial infarction is:
A. neutrophilic infiltration
C. coagulation necrosis
B. congestion
D. fiber waviness
Robbins 7th Edition Chapter 12, Page 579
58. This congenital heart disease has cyanosis at birth:
A. VSD
C. PDA
B. ASD
D. TOF
Robbins 7th Edition Chapter 12, Page 568
59. Chronic mitral stenosis will show this lung finding:
A. rupture of alveolar septa
C. thickening of the septa
B. neutrophilic infiltrates in septa
D. hyaline membrane
coating the septa
Robbins 7th Edition Chapter 12, Page 589
60. Maximal neutrophilic infiltration in a postinfarct heart is:
A. 8 hours
C. 5-7 days
B. 1-3 days
D. 2 weeks
Robbins 7th Edition Chapter 12, Page 584

37

MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMS

61. Most common testicular tumor in infants
A. Yolk sac tumor
B. Teratoma
Robbins 7th Edition Chapter 21, Page 1040
FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMS AND BREAST
62. This breast malignancy has the best prognosis
A. Papillary carcinoma
B. Invasive ductal carcinoma
Robbins 7th Edition Chapter 23, Page 1139

C. Embryonal carcinoma
D. Choriocarcinoma

C. Colloid carcinoma
D. Intraductal carcinoma

63. Usefullness of the Paps smear is seen in the following except:

A. Hormonal cytology
B. Identifying etiology of infection
C. Diagnosis of endocervical polyp
D. Screening of cervical malignancies and its early precursors
Robbins 7th Edition Chapter 7, Page 336
64. The surgery of choice in a patient with palpable axillary lymph nodes in the
presence of proven primary breast carcinoma
A. Simple mastectomy
C. Modified Radical
mastectomy
B. Excision biopsy
D. MRM with frozen section
Robbins 7th Edition Chapter 23, Page 1129
65. If you are suspecting an ovarian cancer, you would request for what tumor
marker?
A. CEA
C. Alpha feto protein
B. CA 125
D. HCG
Robbins 7th Edition Chapter 7, Page 339
IMMUNE DYSFUNCTION
66. The following are antigen presenting cells, EXCEPT:
A. dendritic cells
C. langerhans cells
B. macrophages
D. natural killer cells
Robbins 7th Edition Chapter 6, Page 210
67. Which of the following cells contain CD3, CD4, and CD 8 molecule
A. T lymphocytes
C. Interferon
B. B lymphocytes
D. Natural Killer cells
th
Robbins 7 Edition Chapter 6, Page 196
68. A localized area of tissue necrosis resulting from an acute immune complex is an
example of this type of hypersensitivity reaction
A. Type I
C. Type III
B. Type II
D. Type IV
th
Robbins 7 Edition Chapter 6, Page 210
NERVOUS SYSTEM
69. Subarachnoid hemmorhage is associated with this lession
A. Charcot Bouchard microaneurysm
C. Degenerative
B. AV malformation
D. Berry aneurysm
th
Robbins 7 Edition Chapter 28, Page 1366
70. This is the most common cause of acute bacterial meningitis in children:
A. E. Coli
C. Tuberculosis
B. H. Influenza
D. Klebsiella
Robbins 7th Edition Chapter 28, Page 1369
71. Histologic lesion that is not present in glioblastoma multiforme
A. Necrosis
C. rosette formation
B. Proliferating blood vessels
D. anaplastic cells
Robbins 7th Edition Chapter 28, Page 1410

38

72. The most common cause of intracerebral hemmorhage is:

A. berry aneurysm
C. A-V malformation
B. microaneurysm
D. infection
Robbins 7th Edition Chapter 28, Page 1366
SKIN
73. Which type of mole is noted for its greatest malignant potential?
A. Melanoma
C. Compound nevus
B. Intradermal nevus
D. Junctional nevus
Robbins 7th Edition Chapter 25, Page 1234
74. Which among these is not a common malignancy of the skin?
A. Adenocarcinoma
C. Squamous cell carcinoma
B. Melanoma
D. Basal cell carcinoma
Robbins 7th Edition Chapter 25, Page 1240
75. Which among these is considered a premalignant tumor?
A. Keratoacanthoma
C. Actinic keratosis
B. Seborrheic keratosis
D. Acanthosis nigricans
th
Robbins 7 Edition Chapter 25, Page 1240
ENVIRONMENTAL PATHOLOGY
76. This substance has been implicated in mesothelioma
A. asbestos
C. X ray
B. mercury
D. formaldehyde
Robbins 7th Edition Chapter 15, Page 735
77. This is the major source of oil spill
A. Big spills
B. Down the drain
Robbins 7th Edition Chapter 9, Page 431

C. Off shore drilling

D. Up in smoke

78. Caisson disease is associated with this physical injury

A. Blast injury
C. Decompression disease
B. Electrical injury
D. High altitude sickness
th
Robbins 7 Edition Chapter 9, Page 446
KIDNEY AND URINARY TRACT
79. Crescent formation is produced by the proliferation of which component of the
glomerulus?
A. endothelial cells
C. parietal epithelia
B. mesangial epithelia
D. podocytes
Robbins 7th Edition Chapter 20, Page 976

For question number 80 to 83

A 10 year old female presents with generalized edema. Blood pressure is 90/60.
80. What is the most likely clinical diagnosis?
A. Acute renal failure
B. Chronic renal failure
th
Robbins 7 Edition Chapter 20, Page 978

C. Nephritic syndrome
D. Nephrotic syndrome

Urinalysis showed the following findings:

specific gravity = 1.10 (1.015 1.022)

Protein
= 3+
Oval fat bodies = 3+
81. Considering the clinical data, what is the most likely light microscopic pattern?
A. Acute glomerulonephritis (GN)
C. Membranoproliferative GN
B. Membranous GN
D. Normal glumerulous
Robbins 7th Edition Chapter 20, Page 956

39

82. What is the expected immunofluorescence pattern in this case?

A. Linear
C. Negative
immunoflourescene
B. Granular
D. Variably linear granular
Robbins 7th Edition Chapter 20, Page 969
83. What is the expected electron microscopic (EM) findings?
A. Subepithelial deposits
C. Loss of podocyte foot
process
B. Subendothelial deposits
D. No pathologic EM findings
Robbins 7th Edition Chapter 20, Page 970
For question number 84 to 85
A 65 years old man sought consult due to decreased vigor urinary stream and increased
urinary frequency. Digital rectal examination revealed an enlarged prostate gland.
84. An elevated serum prostatic specific antigen (PSA) together with an elevated
alkaline phosphatase level is consistent with which of the following mechanisms?
A. Benign prostatic hyperplasia
C. Prostatic malignancy
B. Cystitis
D. Prostatitis
Robbins 7th Edition Chapter 21, Page 1053
85. The clinical symptoms of this patient are referable to which of the following
mechanisms?
A. Increased urine output
C. Urethral fibrosis &
stricture
B. Prostatic irritation and inflammation
D. Urinary bladder outlet
obstruction
Robbins 7th Edition Chapter 21, Page 1033
NUTRITIONAL DISORDERS
For question number 86 to 93
A 35 year old female came in for consultation due to increased amount and frequent
menstruation for the past 6 months. CBC was done revealing low hemoglobin,
hematocrit and red blood cell (RBC) count.
86. The mechanism for the abnormal RBC parameter is due to.
A. Anemia due to hemolysis
C. Anemia due to chronic
blood loss
B. Anemia due to hemoglobinopathy
D. Anemia due to decreased
RBC production
Robbins 7th Edition Chapter 13, Page 624
87. The red cell morphology of the peripheral smear is expected to be
A. Normocytic normochromic
C. Macrocytic hyperchromic
B. Normocytic hypochronic
D. Microcytic hypochromic
Robbins 7th Edition Chapter 13, Page 624
88. The most likely RBC disorder present in this patient would be:
A. Megaloblastic anemia
C. Iron deficiency anemia
B. Thalassemia
D. Sickle Cell Disease
th
Robbins 7 Edition Chapter 13, Page 643
89. Macrocytic, hypochromic type of anemia is seen in which of the following
conditions?
A. Folic Acid Deficiency
C. RBC destruction due to
antibodies
B. Lack of dietary iron
D. RBC membrane defect
th
Robbins 7 Edition Chapter 13, Page 642
MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM

40

90. Most common primary malignant tumor of the bone

A. Osteosarcoma
C. Chondrosarcoma
B. Metastatic tumor
D. Giant cell tumor
th
Robbins 7 Edition Chapter 26, Page 1294
91. On x-ray of the skull, lytic punched out lesion are seen. This tumor is probably
made up of
A. giant cells
C. bone forming tumor cells
B. proliferating chondrocytes
D. plasma cells
th
Robbins 7 Edition Chapter 14, Page 679
92. This lesion has the oldest age group of predilection
A. Osteosarcoma
C. Chondrosarcoma
B. Ewings sarcoma
D. Giant cell tumor
Robbins 7th Edition Chapter 26, Page 1298
93. This soft tissue tumor has biphasic feature of tumor cells
A. Fibrosarcoma
C. Osteosarcoma
B. Synovial sarcoma
D. Malignant fibrous
histiocytoma
Robbins 7th Edition Chapter 26, Page 1323

CHOOSETHEBESTANSWER.
CellularInjuryandAdaptation
1.
Virusesinducecellinjurythrough:
A. directcytopathiceffect
B. immunemediatedreactions
Robbins7theditionp.356357
Process(es)involvedincellnecrosisis(are):
A. denaturationofproteins
B. enzymicdigestionofcells
th
Robbins7 editionpp.2122

C.bothA&Barecorrect
D.neitherAnorBiscorrect

2.

C.bothA&Barecorrect
D.neitherAnorBiscorrect

3.

ThefollowingstatementsareTRUEofcaseousnecrosis:
A. itisacombinationofcoagulationandliquefactionnecrosis
B. itisacharacteristicfeatureoftuberculosis
C. bothA&Barecorrect
D. neitherAnorBiscorrect
th
Robbins7 editionpp2122
4.

Jaundiceisduetotheaccumulationofthispigment:
A. bilirubin
C.lipofuscin
B. hemosiderin
D.melanin
Robbins7theditionp.41
InflammationandRepair
5.
Thesequenceofcellulareventsininflammationis:
A. marginationdiapedesischemotaxisphagocytosis
B. diapedesismarginationchemotaxisphagocytosis
C. chemotaxismarginationdiapedesisphagocytosis
D. chemotaxisdiapedesismarginationphagocytosis
th
Robbins7 editionp.53
6.

Themosteffectivemeansofmicrobialkillingisviathe:
A. oxygenindependentmechanism
B. myeloperozidaseindependedmechanism
C. hydrogenperoxide,myeloperoxidaseandhalidesystem
D. onlyA&Carecorrect
th
Robbins7 edition5961
41

7.

Themostimportantcauseofdelayinwoundhealingis:
A. infection
C.inadequatebloodsupply
B. presenceofforeignbodies
D.mechanicalfactors
Robbins7theditionp.114
8.

Keloidisduetoexcessive:
A. granulationtissue
B. granulomaformation
Robbins7thedition115

C.amyloiddeposition
D.collagenaccumulation

FluidandHemodynamics
9.
Edemacanresultfromanyofthefollowingmechanisms:
A. increasedhydrostaticpressureoftheblood
B. increasedosmoticpressureofinterstitialfluid(sodiumretention)
C. decreasedoncoticpressureofplasmaprotein
D. alloftheabovearecorrect
Robbins7theditionp.120
10.
Periorbitaledemaisusuallyencounteredin:
A. filariasis
C.livercirrhosis
B. nephriticsyndrome
D.inflammatorystates
th
Robbins7 editionp.122
11.

Fluidthatcollectsduringacuteinflammationandthathasaproteincontentin
excessof3.0g/LandSGover1.015istermed:
A. exudate
C.hydropericardium
B. transudate
D.wheal
Robbins7theditionp.120
GeneticsDisorders
12.
Asegmentofonechromosometransferredtoanothersegmentisknownas:
A. mutation
C.inversion
B. translocation
D.deletion
Robbins7theditionpp.174175
13.

ThemostcommoncauseoftheoccurrenceofKlinefelterssyndrome:
A. nondisjunctioninmeioticdivisioninoogenesis
B. nondisjunctioninmeioticdivisioninspermatogenesis
C. nondisjunctioninmeioticdivisioninembryogenesis
D. translocation
Robbins7theditionp.179
14.

ThenumberofBarrbodiesinapatientwith48XXXYkaryotype:
A. none
C.two
B. one
D.three
th
Robbins7 editionp.178
15.

ThefollowingaresuppressorgenesEXCEPT:
A. p53
C.APC
B. bcl2
D.NFI
th
Robbins7 editionp.298300
InfectiousDisease
16.
A6yearoldboydevelopsabdominalpainandvomitingprecededbya3day
periodwithoutbowelmovements.Adiagnosisofintestinalobstructionis
made.Ofthefollowing,themostlikelyreasonfortheobstructionisabolus
of:
A. Taeniasaginata
C.Strongyloidestercoralis
B. Ascarislumbricoides
D.Onchocercavolvulus
th
Robbins7 editionp.351352
42

17.

Achroniccarrierstateoftyphoidfeverismostlikelyduetothepersistenceof
theorganismin:
A. theappendix
C.thegallbladder
B. thecortexofthekidney
D.theileum
th
Robbins7 editionp.835
NutritionalDisease
18.
Functionofthiamine:
A. coenzymeinoxidativedecarboxylationofalphaketoacids
B. synthesisofDNAandRNA
C. respiratoryenzymeinthecytochromeenzyme
D. alloftheabovearecorrect
Robbins7theditionp.456
19.

Themetabolismofcalciumiscloselyregulatedby:
A. vitaminD
C.thyroidgland
B. parathyroidgland
D.alloftheabovearecorrect
Robbins7theditionpp.452453
20.

Themechanismofclottingisaffectedby:
A. VitaminA
C.Thiamine
B. VitaminK
D.VitaminE
th
Robbins7 editionp.456
EnvironmentalPathology
21.
This/thesepollutantsis/aredangerousbecauseoncereleasedintothe
environmenttheyareforeveri.e.resistanttonaturalprocessofdecay.
A. polychlorinatedbiphenyls
C.carbonmonoxide
B. chloroform
D.alloftheabovearecorrect
th
Robbins7 editionp.432
22.

Ethylalcoholtoxicitywillcause:
A. venousthrombosis
B. cheeryreddiscolorationofskin
Robbins7theditionp.421

C.fattyliver
D.gingivitis

23.

Whichofthefollowingisthemostcommonadverseeffectofsmoking?
A. myocardialinfarction
C.cancerofthepancreas
B. cancerofthebladder
D.pepticulcerdisease
Robbins7theditionp.419
24.

Exposuretocarbonparticleintheambientairwillresultto:
A. Anthracosis
C.progressivemassivefibrosis
B. coalworkerspneumoconiosis
D.anyoftheabove
th
Robbins7 editionpp.732734
DiseasesofInfancy&Childhood
25.
Theleadingcauseofdeathinchildrenbetween514yearsofageis:
A. malignantneoplasm
C.injuriesresultingfromaccidents
B. congenitalanomalies
D.cardiacdiseases
Robbins7theditionp.470
26.

Thehighestatriskperiodforintrauterinecytomegalovirusinfection:
A. 1sttrimesterofpregnancy
C.3rdtrimesterofpregnancy
nd
B. 2 trimesterofpregnancy
D.alloftheabove
th
Robbins7 editionp.473
27.

Organogenesisiscompletedby:
A. 2ndtrimesterofpregnancy
B. theendof2ndtrimester

C.theendof1sttrimester
D.themiddleof1sttrimester
43

Robbins7theditionpp.470471
TheHeart
28.
Complicatedoradvancedatherosclerosiswouldmostlikelyaffectthisportion
ofthebloodvessel:
A. intimaonly
C.intimaandadventitia
B. intimaandmedia
D.adventitia
th
Robbins7 editionp517520.
29.

Abiopsyofthefemoralarteryrevealedcalcificationinthemediawouldbe
compatiblewith:
A. acceleratedhypertension
B. youngindividuals,usuallymale
C. usualcomplicationofischemiaandgangrene
D. noneoftheabove
th
Robbins7 editionp.515
30.

AvasculartumorassociatedwithAIDSis:
A. Lymphaniosarcoma
C.Angiosarcoma
B. Kaposissarcoma
D.Hemangiopericytoma
th
Robbins7 editionpp.256257
WBC,LymphnodesandSpleen
31.
Starryskypatternoflymphnodeischaracteristicof:
A. Burkittslymphoma
C.Histiocyticlymphoma
B. Hodgkinslymphoma
D.Sezaryssyndrome
Robbins7theditionp.677678
32.

LacunarcellsarecharacteristicsofthistypeofHodgkinsdisease:
A. lymphocyticpredominance
C.mixedcellularity
B. lymphocytedepletion
D.nodularsclerosis
th
Robbins7 editionp.686&688
33.

ThemostcommontypeofHistiocytosisXininfantsis:
A. eosinophilicgranuloma
C.letterersiwesyndrome
B. handschullerchristiandisease
D.unifocallangerhanscellhistiocytosis
Robbins7theditionp.701702
34.

Sinushistiocytosisarenormallyseeninnodesdraining:
A. infection
C.drugabuse
B. cancers
D.immunologicdisorders
Robbins7theditionp.666
35.

Apatientpresentswithhemoptysisandacuterenalfailure.Adiagnosisworth
consideringinthisclinicalpictureis:
A. Asbestosis
C.Goodpasturessyndrome
B. primaryatypicalpneumonia
D.tuberculosis
th
Robbins7 editionpp.745746
RespiratorySystem
36.
Alpha1antitrypsindeficiencyisassociatedwith:
A. panlobularemphysema
C.Wegenersgranulomatosis
B. anthracosis
D.bronchogeniccarcinoma
th
Robbins7 editionpp.718719
37.

Enlargementofpulmonaryalveolarspaceswithdestructionofseptalwallsis
seenin:
A. chronicbronchitis
C.pulmonaryinfarction
B. emphysema
D.alveolarproteinosis
Robbins7theditionp.717
44

38.

Achestxraythatshowsashaggycavitywithathickirregularborderand
satellitedensitiesintherightlowerlobeismostcompatiblewith:
A. bronchogeniccarcinoma
C.abscess
B. tuberculosis
D.histoplasmosis
Robbins7theditionp.753
GIT
39.

Whichstatementaboutesophagealcancerisfalse?
A. itisusuallyofsquamouscelltype
B. mostcommoninthedistalportion
C. primarilyadiseaseofelderlymales
D. characterizedbydysphagiaandpainlessweightloss
th
Robbins7 editionp.806809
40.

Macrophageswithpositiveperiodicacidschiffstainingmaterialinintestinal
laminapropiaandlymphnodesarecharacteristicallyfoundin:
A. Wilsonsdisease
C.Whipplesdisease
B. Elevatedserumgastrinlevels
D.Gardenerssyndrome
Robbins7theditionp.844
41.

TheMalloryWeisssyndromeisduetolacerationinthemucosaofthe:
A. Esophagus
C.Pylorus
B. Stomach
D.Smallintestine
th
Robbins7 editionp.802
42.

CarcinomaoftheGITwouldbeexpectedtooccurwithgreatestfrequencyin
patientswith:
A. familialpolyposisofthecolon
C.Crohnsdisease
B. villousadenomaofthecolon
D.gastriculcer
Robbins7theditionp.284285
Liver,Biliary&Pancreas
43.
Chronicobstructionofthecysticductresultstodevelopmentof:
A. Choledochalcyst
C.Hydropsofthegallbladder
B. Porcelaingallbladder
D.Carcinomaofthegallbladder
Robbins7theditionp.933
44.

Whichofthefollowingcondition(s)increase(s)theriskofbileduct
carcinoma?
A. Choledochalcyst
C.Hydropsofthegallbladder
B. Porcelaingallbladder
D.Choledocholithiasis
th
Robbins7 editionp.933
45.

Carcinomaofthepancreas:
A. occursmostofteninthebodyofthepancreas
B. isassociatedwithhypocalcemia
C. arisesfromthepancreaticductalcells
D. isusuallycuredbytotalpancreatectomy
th
Robbins7 editionp.950951
46.

Theleastcommontypeofgallbladdercalculiare:
A. purecalciumbilirubinate
C.purecholesterol
B. purecalciumcarbonate
D.mixedstone
Robbins7theditionp.10331034
47.

Cholelithiasisismainlydueto:
A. Infection
B. supersaturationofbilewithcholesterol
Robbins7theditionp.929930

C.bilestasis
D.inflammation
45

Kidney
48.

Inadditiontonephriticinjury,theothermaincauseofacutetubularnecrosisis:
A. Sepsis
C.severehypocomplementemia
B. Ischemia
D.immunecomplexdeposition
Robbins7theditionp.933
49.

Ofthecomplicationsofacutepyelonephritisenumeratedbelow,onedoesnot
belong:
A. retroperitonealabscessformation
C.acuteepisodesofparoxysmalHPN
B. renalpapillarynecrosis
D.pyonephrosis
th
Robbins7 editionp.9981000
50.

Oftheriskfactorsforpyelonephritisenumeratedbelow,onedoesnotbelong:
A. diabetesmellitus
B. malesex
C. congenitalabnormalitiesoftheurinarytract
D. pregnancy
th
Robbins7 editionpp.9981000
51.

Chronicrenaldisease,pheochromocytoma,Connssyndrome,coarctationof
theaortaandacromegalyareallconditionsthatmayleadto:
A. venousthrombosis
C.Wegenersgranulomatosis
B. hypersensitivityvasculitis
D.hypertension
th
Robbins7 editionp.526
LowerUrinaryTract&MaleGenitalSystem
52.
Nestsofurotheliummaybefoundinthelaminapropiaoftheurinarybladder
representingnormalvariationinthemorphologyofthebladder.Thesenests
ofurotheliumarecalled:
A. Brunnersnests
C.Brunnsnests
B. Burneysnests
D.Burnersnests
Robbins7theditionp.1024
53.

Anewbornbabywasnotedtopassouturinethroughasmallopeninginthe
areaoftheumbilicus.Thisismostprobablydueto:
A. Urachalcyst
C.Exstrophyofthebladder
B. Patenturachus
D.Anyoftheabove
th
Robbins7 editionp.1026
54.

Thefollowingiscausedbyhumanpapillomavirustype6(HPV6):
A. Giantcondyloma
C.condylomalata
B. Condylomaacuminatum
D.alloftheabove
Robbins7theditionp.1265
FemaleGenitalTract
55.
Themajorityofovarianneoplasmsarisefrom:
A. germcells
C.sexcordstroma
B. surfaceepithelialcell
D.metastaticfromGIT
th
Robbins7 editionp.1093
56.

Themostcommonsiteofendometriosis:
A. fallopiantube
C.rectovaginalseptum
B. ovary
D.vagina
Robbins7theditionp.10831084
57.

Choriocarcinomaismostoftenprecededby:
A. abortion
C.normalpregnancy
B. ectopicpregnancy
D.H.mole
Robbins7theditionp.1110
46

58.

Themostcommonprimarymalignanttumoroftheovary:
A. endometrioidcarcinoma
C.serouscystadenocarcinoma
B. mucinouscystadenocarcinoma
D.yolksactumor
th
Robbins7 editionp.10831084
Breast
59.

Cordlikeductsfilledwithnecroticandcheesytumoroustissuethatcanbe
readilyextrudeduponpressureisseenin:
A. mucinouscarcinoma
C.medullarycarcinoma
B. comedocarcinoma
D.pagetsdiseaseofthebreast
th
Robbins7 editionp.1139
60.

Sitesofmetastasesofcystosarcomaphyllodesareusually:
A. axillarylymphnodes
C.liver
B. lungsandbone
D.brain
Robbins7theditionp.1150
61.

Themostfrequentsiteofbreastcanceris:
A. lowerinnerquadrant
C.upperouterquadrant
B. upperinnerquadrant
D.subareolar
Robbins7theditionp.1123
Endocrine
Fornumbers87to89
62.
Afemalepatientpresentedwithmoonfacies,truncalobesityandhisrutism.
Plasmacortisolwaselevated.Thesefeaturescharacterize:
A. Connssyndrome
C.WaterhouseFriderichsensyndrome
B. Cushingssyndrome
D.OnlyB&Carecorrect
th
Robbins7 editionp.1209
63.

IfyoususpectthepresenceofCushingssyndrome,youshouldperforma:
A. lowdosedexamethasonetest
B. highdosedexamethasonesuppressiontest
C. bothA&Barecorrect
D. neitherAnorBiscorrect
Robbins7theditionp.1162
64.

IfthiswereCushingssyndrome,onewouldexpect:
A. suppressionofcortisolsecretion
C.nosuppressionofcortisolsecretion
B. suppressionofACTHsecretion
D.onlyA&Barecorrect
Robbins7theditionp.1162,p.12071209
65.

Suppressionofcortisolsecretionwithhighdosedexamethasonesuppression
testindicatesthepresenceof:
A. anadrenalneoplasm
C.pituitaryACTHexcess
B. ectopicACTHsyndrome
D.alloftheabovearecorrect
th
Robbins7 editionp.12071209
Skin&Musculoskeletal
66.
Whichofthefollowingisasecondarylesion?
A. wheal
C.erosion
B. pustule
D.bulla
th
Robbins7 editionp.1229
67.

Psoriaticpatientstypicallydevelopsilvery:
A. excoriations
C.papules
B. scales
D.pustules
th
Robbins7 editionp.1256
47

68.

Apatientpresentswithvesiclesontheleftsideofhistrunk.Asimplelab
proceduretodotosupportadiagnosisofherpeszosteris:
A. gramstain
C.Tzancksmear
B. KOHstain
D.Patchtest
th
Robbins7 editionp.368
69.

Oneoftheetiologicfactorsinacneisthe:
A. Pityrosporum
C.Propionibacterium
B. Staphylococcus
D.Enterococci
th
Robbins7 editionp.1264
70.

ThepaucibacillarytherapyforHansensdiseaseis:
A. Rifampicin600mgOfloxacin400mgMinocycline100mgdailyfor6
months
B. Rifampicin600mgonceamonthfor6monthsDapsone100mgdaily
for6months
C. Rifampicin600mgonceamonthfor2yearsDapsone100mgdailyfor2
yearsClofazimine50mgdailyfor2years
D. Rifampicin600mgonceamonthfor6monthsDapsone100mgdailyfor6
monthsClofazimine50mgdailyfor6months
th
Robbins7 editionp.387388
71.

Achildpresentswithanarrayofmacules,papules,vesicles,andbullae,
reddish,withpaleerodedcenterinvolvingtheextremities,lipsandoral
mucosainasymmetricpattern.Therewasintakeofpenicillinand
sulfonamidesforurinarytractinfection.Thepatientmostlikelyhas:
A. erythemamultiforme
C.lichenplanus
B. psoriasis
D.porphyria
Robbins7theditionp.12551256
NervousSystem
72.
Mostcommonprimarymalignantbraintumor:
A. Medulloblastoma
C.Ganglioneuroma
B. glioblastomamultiforme
D.ependymoma
Robbins7theditionp.1407
73.

Histologiccriteriaforglioblastomamultiforme:
A. vascularendothelialproliferation
B. anaplasia
C. bothA&Barecorrect
D. neither AnorBiscorrect
Robbins7theditionp.14011402
74.

Medulloblastomamostfrequentlyoccursin:
A. age60andabove
C.children&youngadults
B. middleadulthood
D.noagepredilectionisobserved
Robbins7theditionp.1407
75.

Tuberculomainchildrenfrequentlyoccursin:
A. Supratentorial
C.Posteriorfossa
B. Infratentorial
D.Transtentorial
th
Robbins7 editionp.1372
CHOOSETHEBESTANSWER:
_____1.Whichcelladaptationisachievedbydecreasingcellularactivityandreducing
numberandsizeofcellularorganelles?
A. Atrophy
B.Hyperplasia
C.Hypertrophy
D.Metaplasia
_____2.Inhypertrophy,atwhatpointofthecellcycleisblocked?

48

A.StoG0

B.S

C.G0toG1

D.MtoG0

_____3.Whichmechanismexplainstheinitialreductioninsizeofanorganundergoing
atrophy?
A.Apoptosis B.AutolysisC.AutophagyoforganellesD.Extrusionof
organelles
_____4.Inhyperplasiaoftheskin,whichstratumentersthecellcycle?
A.Basale
B.Granulosum
C.Lucidum
D.Spinosum
_____5.Whichofthefollowingsubstancesdisruptthesteadystateandcausescell
swelling?
A.Calcium
B.Chloride
C.Potassium
D.Sodium
_____ 6. Accumulation of lactic acid due to anoxia stops the synthesis of proteins by
disruptingwhichcellularstructure?
A. Cellmembrane
C.MitochondrialDNA
B. Endoplasmicreticulum
D.NuclearDNA
_____7.Abscessoftheliverisaformofwhichtypeofnecrosis?
A.Caseous
B.Coagulative
C.Gangrenous
Liquefactive

D.

_____8.Whichfacilitatesthedegradationofdenaturedproteinthatisbeyondrepairto
preventfurtherinjurytothecell?
A.Caspases
B.Chaperones
C.Laminin
D.Ubiquitin
_____9.Transplantationoforgansbetweentwoidenticaltwinsiscalled:
A. Allograft
B.Autograft
C.Isograft
D.Xenograft
____10.Whichofthefollowingisanessentialcomponentofneoplasia?
A. Autonomicgrowth
C.Largemass
B. Excessiveproliferationofcells
D.Rapidgrowth
_____ 11. The deposition of calcium salts and other mineral salts in vital tissue that
reflectsderangementincalciummetabolismandhypercalcemiaiscalled:
A. Apoptoticcalcification
C.Gangrenouscalcification
B. Dystrophiccalcification
D.Metastaticcalcification
_____12.Morphologically,amalignanttumorispoorlydifferentiatedwhenthereis:
A. Markedlyhyperchromaticnuclei
C.Totallostofnormalfunctionof
cells
B. Poorresemblancetocelloforigin
D.Veryhighnucleocytoplasmic
ratio
_____13.Whichofthefollowingisadefinitesignofmalignancy?
A. Compressionofadjacentstructures
C.Metastasis
B. Infiltrativegrowth
D.Vascularinvasion
_____14.Rasoncogenequalitativelychangesfunctionofprotooncogenethrough
whichformofmutation?
A.Deletion
B.Geneamplification
C.Pointmutation
D.
Translocation

_____15.IntheTNMstagingsystem,Mstandsforwhichofthefollowing?
A. Metastasistodistantsites
C.Probablemortality

B. Probablemorbidity

D.Regionallymphnodemetastasis

_____ 16. Which of the following increases the cells ability to adapt and survive
prolongedenvironmentalchanges?
A. Anaerobicrespiration
C.Subdivisionandmultiplication
B. Enteringthecellcycle
D.Synthesisofgrowthfactorreceptors

49

_____17.Whichistheuniquecharacteristicofinnateimmuneresponse?
A. Macrophagesplayadominantrole
B. MaincellularcomponentsaretheTlymphocytes
C. Mainhumoralcomponentsaretheinterferons
D. Memorycellsareproduced
_____18.Therepaircomponentofhealinginvolvesprincipallywhichofthefollowing?
A. Formationofsupportingconnectivetissue C.Removalofcellulardebris
B. Regenerationofparenchymalcells
D.Synthesisofbasement
membrane
_____19.Inacuteinflammation,scarformationisprimarilyduetothepresenceof:
A. Antigenthatisnotreadilydigested
B. Infection
C. Largeareasofnecrosisandexudateformation
D. Oxygendeprivation
_____20.Theformationofgiantcellsinagranulomatousinflammationisforthe
purposeof:
A. Acquiringfasteramoeboidmovementtorunaftertheoffendingagent
B. Acquiringgreatercapabilityforphagocytosis
C. Formingabarrieraroundtheoffendingagent
D. PresentingmoreefficientlytheantigenMHCcomplex
_____21.Whichstatementbestexpressestheconceptofchronicinflammation?
A. Acquiredimmuneresponse
B. Inflammatoryresponsefollowingacuteinflammation
C. Persistenceofstimuluswithprolongedinflammationandrepair
D. Resultofafailedacuteinflammatoryresponse
_____22.Ininnateimmuneresponse,theantiviralactivityofinterferonreducesthe
synthesisof:
A. HostandviralDNA
C.Hostproteinsintheribosomes
B. HostandviralmRNA
D.Viralcellmembraneproteins
_____23.Theultimategoalofhomeostasisinapersistentlychanginginterstitialmilieu
isto:
A. Inducecelldivision
B. Limitentryandexitofsubstancesintothecytosol
C. Maintainconstancyinthecytosoltoensurephysiologicfunction
D. Removecellsthatcannotadapt
______24.Agingcausescelldamageanddeaththroughwhichmechanism?
A. Accumulationofintracellularcalcium
B. IncreasingligandsforFasordeathreceptor
C. MutationofnuclearDNA
D. Productionofoxygenderivedfreeradicals
_____25.Thepathogenesisofcoagulationnecrosisis:
A. Actionofpowerfulproteolyticenzymesfromlysosomesandinflammatorycells
B. ActivationoftheFasordeathreceptor
C. Inactivationofautolyticorintracellularenzymesanddehydrationwithoutcell
decomposition
D. Rapidentryofwaterandcalciumwithsaponificationofcellularcontents
_____26.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesdysplasiainthecontextofbiological
growth?
A. CellsthatlostabilitytoentertheG0phaseofcellcycleandareperpetuallyinthe
cycle
B. Lossofdifferentiationand/ormaturationofincreasingnumberofcells
C. Lossoffunctionofincreasingnumberoffullydifferentiatedcells
D. Malignantcellsthatalreadypossessinvasivecapabilitiesbutarestillintheresting
phaseofthecellcycle

50

_____27.Gravesdiseaseiscausebywhichofthefollowingimmunologicreactions?
A. Activationofnaturalkillercellsduetocomplimentfixationonthefollicular
cells
B. Destructionoffolliclesbyautoantibodiesagainstthyroglobulin
C. DestructionoffolliclesbyTclymphocytesandsubsequentexcessivereleaseof
thyroidhormones
D. ExcessiveproductionofIgGthyroidstimulatingantibodiesduetodefectintheTs
lymphocytes
_____28.Whichistheinitialstepintransudateformation?
A. Decreasedplasmaoncoticpressure
C.Increasedinterstitialosmotic
pressure
B. Increasedhydrostaticpressure
D.Increasedvascular
permeability
_____29.Thekeymechanismofapoptosisis:
A. CessationofmRNAsynthesis
B. CoilingofDNAchromatin
C. DNAfragmentationbyendonucleaseactivation
D. Nonspecificdegradation&randomDNAcleavage
_____30.Whichofthefollowingmakeshomeostasispossibleinthebodysystems?
A. Internalenvironmentalwaysconstant
B. Physiologicfeedbackmechanism
C. Tendencyofbodysystemtobeinequilibrium
D. Tendencyofbodysystemtobeinsteadystate
_____31.Whichisthemechanismbywhichaninfectiousagentmaytriggeran
autoimmunedisease?
A.Infectiousagenthasasimilarantigenicstructureasselfantigenandthe
resultingimmuneresponsecrossreactswithselfantigen.
B.InfectiousagenttriggersprematurereleaseofTlymphocytesfromthethymusstill
possessingreceptorstoselfantigens
C.InfectiousagenttriggersmacrophagestorandomlypresentantigenstotheT
lymphocytesandbychancepresentanantigenthatissimilartoselfantigen.
D.InfectiousagentsuppressesthesuppressorTlymphocytesthusgivingtheThelper
lymphocytethefreedomtoreacttoanyantigenincludingselfantigen.
_____32.ATypeIhypersensitivityreactionduetotheintakeofanantibioticcan
immediatelykillapersonbecauseof:
A. Cellularswellingoftheliningepitheliumwithparalysisofthecilia
B. Constrictionduetoedemaoftheinterstitialtissue
C. Necrosisanddesquamationoftheliningepithelium
D. Spasmofthesmoothmusclesandincreasedmucusglandsecretion
_____33.Thepointofirreversibilityofcelldamageisevidentultrastructurallybythe
presenceofwhichofthefollowing?
A. MarkedswellingofmitochondriaandclumpingofmitochondrialDNA
B. Numerousfracturesandbreakupsofmembranesofcellandsaccular
organelles
C. Polyribosomecomplexesdispersedintosingleribosome
D. TightcoilingofnuclearDNAthreads
_____34.Inaninjuredliver,growthfactorsultimatelycauselivercellsto:
A. Deactivatethecyclindependentkinasecomplexesthusshorteningthecellcycleso
thatmorecellsareproducedwithinashortertime
B. Deactivaethep53suppressorgenesotatnodelayinDNAsynthesisoccurs
C. Enterandcompletethecellcycle
D. Growinsizedbyincreasingthecytoplasmicorganelles
_____35.Solublefactor(e.g.TNF)releasedbyinflammatoryandtumorcellsare
believedtocausecancercachexiathroughwhichofthefollowingmechanisms?
A. DivertTPofnormalcellstomeetincreasedenergyneedsoftumorcells
B. Increasetumorneedsforessentialnutrientsattheexpenseofnormalcells
C. Interferewithnormalcellmetabolismandmetabolismofessentialnutrients
D. Suppressdesireforfoodbyactingonthepituitary

51

_____36.Inthevascularphaseofacuteinflammation,theinterstitialosmoticpressure
progressivelyincreasesduetotheincreasingamountof:
A. Lymphaticflowresultinginreducedinterstitialfluid
B. Neutrophils
C. Plasmaproteins
D. Proteinaceousdebrisfromdeadbacteria
_____37.Inanacquiredimmuneresponsetoaspecificantigen,thereactiontoa
secondexposureusuallytakesamuchshortertimecomparedtothefirstexposure
becauseofwhichofthefollowing?
A. Afterinitialexposure,allTlymphocytesdevelopreceptorstotheantigenandare
readytoreacttoasecondexposure
B. MemoryTlymphocytescommittedtothatantigenarealreadypresent
C. MemoryTlymphocytescontinuetorecruituncommittedTlymphocyteseveninthe
absenceoftheantigen
D. RecruitmentofuncommittedTlymphocytesisfasterinthesecondexposure
_____38.ThedifficultyinproducinganeffectivevaccineagainstHIVisduetowhichof
thefollowing?
A. Thefrequentenzymaticerrorsintranscription,whichmakecopiesifthevirus
RNA,resultsindifferentstains
B. TheexactstructureoftheHIVhasnotbeendeterminedyet
E. Forsomeunknownreasons,Thlymphocytesdonothavethereceptorsforthisvirus,
andso,cannotbeactivatedtoinitiateanimmureresponse
F. ItisdifficulttoisolatetheantigenofanRNAvirus
_____39.Patientsonanticancerchemotherapyarehighlysusceptibletoinfections
becauseof:
A. Markeddiminutioninthenumberofcellsoftheinnateandacquiredimmune
response
B. Susceptibilityoflivertodruginjuryresultingindiminishedcomplementproduction
C. Toxicityofthedrugscausestheneutrophilstoloseitsphagocyticactivity
D. ToxicityofthedrugsimpairstheproductionofMHCbymacrophages
_____40.Coagulationnecrosiscanbeseeninsometypesofbacterialandfungal
infectionwhenthereis:
A. Growthandmultiplicationoftheorganisminthebloodresultinginobstruction
tobloodflow
B. Markededemaformationresultinginthecompressionofarterioles
C. Productionoflargeamountoftoxinsandenzymesbythemicroorganismresultingin
denaturationofintracellularproteins
D. Suppurationresultinginthedestructionofbloodvessels
_____ 41. The basal cell changes seen in reflux esophagitis is an example of this
adaptivechange:
A.Atrophy
B.Hyperplasia
C.Hypertrophy
D.Metaplasia
_____42.Theformationofesophagealvaricessecondarytocirrhosisisprimarilydue
to:
A.Activecongestion B.Passivecongestion
C.Thrombosis
D.
Embolism

_____43.Inmegacolon,theaganglionicsegmentisinwhichportion:
A. Transversecolon
B. Distendedportion
C. Nondistendeddistalsegment
D. Nondistendedsegmentproximaltothedistension
_____44.Thelesionofcholeraisatmostwhichofthefollowing:
A.Congestionandedema B.Erosions C.Hemorrhage
D.Suppurative
inflammation
_____45.Thereasonthetyphoidlesionisusuallyseenintheileumisthat:
A.Absorptionisgreatestinthissegment

52

B.Intestinalcontentsislessliquidandalkaline,thusfavoringbacterialgrowth
C.Itisthelongestsegment
D.Largeramountoflymphoidtissueorganizedintonodules

_____46.Theinflammatoryreactionseenintyphoidileitisiscomposedmostlyof:
A. Eosinophils
B. Mononuclear cells
C. Neutrophils
D. Plasma
cells
_____47.Theulcersofamebiasisareinitiallyflaskshapedbecause:
A. Fibrosis causes the upper portion of the mucosa adjacent to the ulcer to slowly
approximateeachotherovertheulcer
B. Ischemiacausesthelowerthirdofthemucosatodiefirst
C. Trophozoites penetrate the mucosa but do not penetrate the muscularis
propria
D. Upperthirdofthemucosaadjacenttotheulcerregeneratesabovetheulcer
_____48.Theessenceofadenomasofthegastrointestinaltractis:
A.Disorganizedbenignglands
C.Hamartomatousgrowth
B.Dysplasticglandularepithelium
D.Polypoidmucosaloutgrowth
_____49.Coloniccarcinomaismostcommonatthisportion:
A. Cecum
B.Ascending
C.Descending

D.Rectosigmoid

_____50.Theprognosisofcoloniccarcinomaismoredependenton:
A.Ageofpatient
B.Gradeoftumor
C.Location

D.Stage

_____51.Theinflammatorylesionseeninacuteappendicitisisusuallyinitiatedby:
A. Bacterialinfection
C.Ischemia
B.Fecalmaterialwithinthelumen
D.Luminalobstruction
_____ 52. The thrombosis seen in the veins of hemorrhoids is primarily due to this
mechanism:
A.Accumulationofclottingfactors
C.Endothelialinjury
B.Deficiencyofplasmin
D.LocalizeddeficiencyofProteinCandS

_____53.Ininfectiveendocarditis,organismsoflowvirulencethatcauseinfectionina
previouslyabnormal,deformedvalvesisclassifiedas:
A.Acute

B.Chronic

C.Necrotizing

D.Subacute

_____54.Arighttoleftshuntbestexemplifiedbywhichofthefollowing?
A.ASD
B.PDA
C.TOF
D.VSD
_____55.Basalcellcarcinomaischaracterizedbywhichofthefollowing?
A. Aggressivetumor
B. Earlymetastasishematogenousspread
C. Locallyinvasiveandrarelymetastasizingtumor
D. Presenceofintercellularbridgesandkeratohyalin
_____56.Themostcommonprimarycanceroftheboneis:
A. Chondrosarcoma
C.Metastaticadneocarcinoma
B. Ewingssarcoma
D.Osteosarcoma
_____57.A10montholdinfantpresentedwithavaginalmass.Whatisthemostlikely
diagnosis?
A. Fibrosarcoma
C.Rhabdomyosarcoma
B. Liposarcoma
D.Synovialcarcinoma
_____58.Allsofttissuetumorsarepositivefor:
A.Cytokeratin
B.Desmin
C.S100
D.Vimentin
_____59.Whichisacharacteristicfindinginalcoholicliverdisease?
A. Alphafetoprotein
C.HbsAg

53

B. Groundglasshepatocytes

D.Mallorybodies

_____60.A24yroldmale,hoursafterexcessivefoodandalcoholintake,was
broughttotheER.Hewasmoaning,writhinginpain,andholdinghisabdomen.Serum
amylaseiselevated.Ifautopsyisdone,whichorganwillmostlikelyshownecrosis?
A.Liver
B.Pancreas
C.Spleen
D.Stomach
_____61.Redistributionofbodyfat,moonface,dorsalbuffalohumpandthin
extremitiessuggests:
A. Addisonsdisease
C.Cushingssyndrome
B. Connssyndrome
D.Sipplessyndrome
_____62.Crescentsformationseeninrenalbiopsystronglysuggests:
A. Membranousglomerulonephritis
C.Poststreptococcalglomerulomephritis
B. Minimalchangedisease
D.Rapidlyprogressive
glomerulonephritis
_____63.A28y/owomanpreentedwithfever,dysuria,urinaryfrequencyandflank
tenderness.UrinalysisshowedabundantWBCandbacteria.Themostlikelyetiologyis:
A.E.coli
B.H.influenzae
C.N.gonorrhea
D.Proteus
vulgaris
_____64.Coarseasymmetricrenalcorticomedullaryscarring,deformityoftherenal
pelvisandcalyces,atrophictubuleswitheosinophiliccastsallsuggest:
A. Acutepyelonephritis
C.Nephriticsyndrome
B. Chronicpyelonephritis
D.Nephroticsyndrome
_____65.A19yr.oldfemalestudentdevelopedacutepharyngitis.Throatculture
revealedS.pyogenes.Whichofthefollowingislikelytobeelevated?
A.Basophils
B.Eosinophils
C.Lymphocytes
D.
Neutrophils
_____66.Intestinalintussusceptioninolderchildrenandinadultsismostlikely
associatedwith:
A.Adenomatouspolyp
B.CholeraC.Crohnsdisease
D.
Typhoidileitis
_____67.Whichofthefollowinghashighestriskofdevelopingcolorectalcarcinoma?
A. Familialadenomatouspolyposis
C.PeutzJegherssyndrome
B. Hirschprungsdisease
D.Ulcerativecolitis
_____ 68. The erosions associated with acute gastritis is seen in this layer/s of the
stomach:
A.Mucosa
C.Mucosa,submucosa,andinnersmoothmuscle
layer
B. Mucosa and submucosa
D. All layers including the outer smooth muscle
layer
_____69.ThemostcommontypeofcarcinomaassociatedwithBarrettsesophagusis:
A.Adenocarcinoma
C.Leiomyosarcoma
B.Gastrointestinalstromaltumor
D.Squamouscarcinoma
_____70.Whichofthefollowingisanautosomaldeletiondisorder?

A. Criduchatsyndrome
B.Down'ssyndrome

C.Edward'ssyndrome
D.Patau'ssyndrome

_____71.Thelikelihoodthataclinicalconditionwilloccurwhenaparticulargenotype
ispresent:
A.Heterozygosity
B.Mosaicism
C.Penetrance
D.Polymorphism
____72.Inliquefactivenecrosis,destructionofthetissuemorphologyismainlydueto:
A. Bacterialtoxins
C.Inflammatorycells
B. Digestiveproteases
D.Pancreaticlipases
____73.Whichofthefollowingmorphologicchangesisirreversible?
54

A. Dysplasia

B. Hyperplasia

C. Metaplasia D.

Neoplasia

___74.Inwhichconditionwillcaseationnecrosismostlikelyoccur?
A. Arterialbloodsupplyinterruptedbythrombus
B. InfectedwithMycobacteriumtuberculosis
C. InfectedwithPseudomonasaeruginosa
D. Lostinnervation
____75.DegradationofDNAtonucleosomesizedfragmentsischaracterisitcof:
A. Apoptosis
B.Dysplasia C.Liquefactivenecrosis
D.Metaplasia
____76.Invasiveductalcarcinomaintheupperouterquadrantoftherightbreastwill
likelymetastasizeto:
A.Brain
B.Contralateralbreast
C.Ipsilateralaxillarylymphnode D.
Lungs
____77.Infemales,mostcancerdeathsarecausedbymalignancyinthe:
A.Breast B.Colorectalsegment
C.Lung
D.Uterus
____78.Mostlikelyconditionthatahistologicallybenignneoplasmsmaybefatal:
A. Causeextensivebleeding C.Failtoinvokeimmuneresponse
B.Multifocallesions
D.Transformintocancer
____79.InthePhilippines,themostcommonformofimmunodeficiencyis:
A. AtaxiaTelangiectasia
C.Severecombined
immunodeficiency

B. Chronicgranulomatousdisease
D.Xlinkedagammaglobulinemia
____80.Anestheticaccidentresultinginlossofvasculartoneandperipheralpoolingof
bloodleadstowhichtypeofshock:
A.CardiogenicB.Hypovolemic C.Neurogenic D.Septic

____81.Whichistheinitialmechanismoftransudateformation?
A. Decreasedplasmaoncoticpressure
C.Increasedinterstitialosmotic
pressure
B.Increasedhydrostaticpressure
D.Increasedvascular
permeability
____82.Inacutecongestiveheartfailure,edemaofthelowerextremitiesisdueto:
A. Decreasedoncoticpressure
C.Na+accumulation
B.Increasedhydrostaticpressure
D.Pumpfailure
____83.Whichofthefollowingisareflectionofleftheartfailure?
A. Hepatomegaly
C.Pulmonaryedema
B. Pittingedema
D.Splenomegaly
____84.Ischemicinjurytothemyocardiumlastingfor15minutesleadsto:
A.Coagulativenecrosis
B.FatnecrosisC.GangreneD.Liquefactive
necrosis
____85.Theerosionofprogressivepulmonarytuberculouscavitarylesionsintonearby
pulmonarybloodvesselswouldpresentclinicallyas:
A.dyspneaB.hematemesisC.hemoptysisD.highgradefever

____86.Themechanismofadultrespiratorydistresssyndromeis:

55

A.Deficiencyinpulmonarysurfactant
microorganisms
B.Diffusedamagetoalveolarcapillarywall

C.Inflammatoryreactionto
D.Increasedhydrostaticpressure

____87.InthePhilippines,themostcommonsourceofinfectionwithpulmonary
tuberculosis:
A.Childrenwithundiagnosedprimaryinfection
B.Patientswithmiliarytuberculosis

C.Patientswithundiagnosedcavitarypulmonarytuberculosis(PTB)
D.PatientswithdiagnosedcavitaryPTB
____88.Whichtypeofradiationwouldbemostharmful?
A. Alphaparticles
B.Betaparticles
C.Gammarays

D.Xrays

____89.Exposuretoultravioletlightismostimportantindevelopmentof:
A. Basalcellcarcinomaoftheskin
C.Papillarycarcinomaofthethyroid
B. Squamouscellcarcinomaofthelung

D.Acutemyelogenous
leukemia
____90.Typeoflungcarcinomathatstronglycorrelateswithsmoking:
A. Adenocarcinoma
C.Mucinoustumor
B. Bronchoaleveolarcarcinoma
D.Squamouscellcarcinoma
____91.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesinvasiveductalcarcinomaofthebreast?
A. Aggressive,highlymetastasizing
B. Gelatinousconsistency

C. Mostcommoncanceramongmalesandfemales
D. Predominantlyhematogenousspread
____92.Whichcontributestothepathogensisofmalignantmelanoma,basalcell
carcinomaandsquamouscellcarcinomaoftheskin?
A. Previousirradiation
C.Prolongedcosmeticuse
B. Previoustrauma
D.Sunexposure
____93.Innephroticsyndrome,theedemaislikelydueto:
A.Inappropriatesodiumandwaterabsorption
A. Increasedsoluteresultinginwaterretention
B. Renalinsufficiencywithfluidaccumulation
C. Urinaryproteinlossduetoglomerularinjury
____94.WhichofthefollowingrelationshipsisaMISMATCHEDPAIR?
A.Colonicadenocarcinoma:Carcinoembryonicantigen
B.Prostaticadenocarcinoma:Humanchorionicgonadotropin
C.Puretesticularseminoma:Placentalalkalinephosphatase
D.Smallcellcanceroflung:Neuronspecificenolase(NSE)
____95.Inseverehepaticdisease,edemaresultsprimarilyfrom:
A. Hypocalcemia
C.Hypoproteinemia
B. Hyponatremia
D.Hypergammaglobulinemia
____96.Themostcommonpathologyinthegallbladderis:
A. Adenoma
B.Chronicinflammation
C.Fataccumulation D.Stone
formation
____97.Mostcommoncauseofsubarachnoidbleed?
A.AVmalformation B.Berryaneurysm
C.Hemangiona
Microaneurysm
____98.Sarcomasusuallymetastasizevia:
A.BloodstreamB.LocalextensionC.Lymphatics
invasion

D.

D.Perineural

____99.Inrabiesinfection,whereinthebrainisNegribodylocated?
A.BloodvesselB.Dura
C.Glialcells
D.Neuron

56

____100.Physiologicatrophyofthebraininan82yearoldmaleismainlydueto:

A.Denervationatrophy
B.Disuseatrophy

C.Lossofendocrinestimulation
D.Senileatrophy

answer

Question

page

Thecentralfactorinthepathogenesisofirrevsiblecellinjurywouldbe
A.mitochondrialdysfunction
B.membranedamage
C.cytoskeletalabnormalities
D.freeradicalformation

Whichwouldbetheconsequence(s)oftheoccuranceofmitochondrial
permeabilitytransition?
A.promotesATPproduction
B.increaseinthenumberofmitochondria
C.celldeath
D.A,B,C

12

Thepresenceofchalky,whiteareasintheadiposetissueinthe
abdominalcavitywouldbeinterpretedtobeassociatedwith:
A.activationofpancreaticamylasesintotheperitonealcavity
B.combinationoffattyacidsreleasedwithcalcium
C.histologicreactionofnumerouslipophages
D.A,B,C

18

Theultimatemechanismofsuddencardiacdeathis:
A.lethalarrhythmia
B.ischemiccardiomyopathy
C.dilatedcardiomyopathy
D.aorticvalvestenosis

564

Myxomatousdegenerationofthemitralvalveisassociatedwith:
A.prolapseofthemitralvalveintotheleftventricle
B.ischemicareasintheleftatrialseptum
C.fussionofthemitralcommissures
D.complicationofmitralinsufficiency

564

Inperipartumcardiomyopathy,thesystolicdysfunctionofthepatientis
associatedorexplainedby:
A.largeandflabbyheart
B.massiveventricularhypertrophywithoutdilatation
C.impairedventricularfillingduringdiastole
D.asymmetricseptalhypertrophy

580

Themostcharacteristichistologiclesionofacutepancreatitis
A.Neutrophilicinfiltration
B.Hemorrhage
C.Fatnecrosis
D.Necrosisofparenchyma

905

10

Mostimportantenvironmentalfactorforpancreaticcancer
A.Smoking
B.Hyperlipoprotenemia
C.Alcoholism
D.Viralinfection

910

11

Ritterdiseaseisalsoknownas
A.gasgangrene
B.Hidradenitissuppurativa
C.Staphylococcalscaldedskinsyndrome
D.Quinsysorethroat

367

12

Elephantiasisisassociatedwith

398

57

A.Onchocercavolvulus
B.Wuchereriabancrofti
C.Ancylostomaduodenale
D.Anyoftheabove
D

13

FungiwithinsmallcystsintheVirchowRobinperivascularspaceis
characteristicof
A.Mucor
B.Aspergillus
C.Pneumocystiscarinii
D.Cryptococcusneoformans

14

Differentialdiagnosisofachildwhopresentswithfever
A.malaria
B.dengue
C.poliovirusinfection
D.Anyoftheabove

380

389
383
373

15

Consequenceofleadexposure
A.memoryloss
B.lungfibrosis
C.asthma
D.cancerofnasalcavity

422

16

Indoorairpollutant
A.carbonmonoxide
B.sulfurdioxide
C.ozone
D.acidaerosol

418

17

Apatientwithhypochromic,microcyticanemiaisdeficientin
A.zinc
B.copper
C.selenium
D.iron

452

18

Achildcameinattheoutpatientdepartmentbecauseofgeneralized
edemaaccompaniedbyeasilypluckablehair,listlessness,andloss
ofappetite.Mostlikelysheissufferingfrom
A.anorexia
B.marasmus
C.kwashiorkor
D.bulimia

438

19

Traveler'sdiarrheaisassociatedwithwhatorganism
A.Salmonellatyphi
B.Campylobacterjejuni
C.Escherichiacoli
D.Shigella

808

20

AstlerCollerclassificationwhenthemalignantglandsinthecolonare
limitedtothemucosa
A.A1
B.A2
C.B
D.Noneoftheabove

835

21

Grosslyappearsasablindpouchontheantimesentericsideofthe
smallbowel
A.Hirschprungdisease
B.Meckeldiverticulum
C.Celiacsprue
D.Noneoftheabove

805

22

Informationtoelicitintheclinicalhistoryofapatientwith

799

58

gastriccarcinoma
A.fondnessforbarbecuedfoods
B.alcoholism
C.presenceofrelativeswithgastriccarcinoma
D.Anyoftheabove
D

23

Alcoholicpatientsmaymanifest
A.longitudinaltearsintheesophagogastricjunction
B.assquamouscellcarcinomaoftheesophagus
C.asacutegastritis
D.Anyoftheabove

24

SchillerDuvalbodyisassociated
A.thecomafibroma
B.dysgerminoma
C.yolksactumor
D.granulosathecatumor

25

Whichisanovariancyst?
A.serouscyst
B.follicularcyst
C.lutealcyst
D.Anyoftheabove

779
783
789

1076

1069
1066
1066

26

Differentialdiagnosisofapatientwithsessilemassesprojectinginto
theendometrialcavity
A.papillaryhidradenoma
B.polyp
C.lichensclerosus
D.Anyoftheabove

1058

27

A30yearoldfemalecomplainedoflossofconsciousness.Historyrevealed
thattheepisodeswereprecipitatedbyfasting.Laboratoryexamatthetime
ofattackshowedglucoselevelatlessthan50mg/dl.Thisisusuallyasso
ciatedwith
A.Gastrinoma
B.Insulinoma
C.Glucagonoma
D.Somatostatinoma

926

29

AnewborninfantwasbornwithahemolyticdiseaseduetoRHincompa
tibility.Whatisthemostseriousthreatinthisdisorder.
A.Anasarca
B.LiverCirrhosis
C.Pancreaticinsufficiency
D.Kernicterus

474

30

Themostcharacteristicrenalfindingindiabetesmellitus
A.Hyalinearteriolosclerosis
B.Nodularglomerulosclerosis
C.Acutepyelonephritis
D.Diffuseglomerulosclerosis

923

31

Mostfrequenttypeofhyperfunctioningpituitaryadenoma
A.Lactotrophadenoma
B.Corticotrophadenoma
C.Somatotrophadenoma
D.Gonadotrophadenoma

1125

32

A23yearoldfemalecomplainedofsorethroat,feverandmalaise.PE
revealedtender,enlargedthyroidgland.LabexamshowedincreasedT4and
T3,decreasedTSH.Themostlikelydiagnosisis
A.Gravesdisease
B.Hashimotothyroiditis

1135

59

C.DeQuervainthyroiditis
D.Reidelthyroiditis
B

33

ThemostcharacteristicmicroscopicfindingofRetinoblastomais:
A.HomerWrightrosettes
B.FlexnerWintersteinerrosette
C.Blastemacells
D.Rosenthalfibers

1373

34

Microscopicfeaturesofthislesionintheurinarybladderrevealed
infiltrationwithlargefoamymacrophageswithmultinucleatedgiantcells
interspersedwithlymphocytes.MichaelisGutmannbodiesarepresent
A.Malakoplakia
B.Tuberculosis
C.Cystitisglandularis
D.Acutesuppurativecystitis

1002

35

WhichofthefollowingisTRUEofPleomorphicadenoma
A.ThesearealsocalledAdenolymphomas
B.Therearethemostcommontumorsofthesalivarygland
C.Thesearehighlymalignanttumors
D.Occursmuchmoreofteninmales

770

36

Thisisahighlyvasculartumorofthenasopharyngealareathatoccur
almostexclusivelyinadolescentmales.Ithasabenignnaturebuthas
tendencytobleedprofuselyduringsurgery.
A.Neuroblastoma
B.Squamouscellcarcinoma
C.Angiofibroma
D.Invertedpapilloma

877

37

Step/sinphagocytosisenhancedbyopsonins:
A.Recognition&attachment
B.Engulfment
C.Killingordegradation
D.A&Bonly

62

38

Abnormalacquiredleukocytechemotaxisis/areseenin:
A.Anemia
B.Sepsis
C.Diabetesmellitus
D.B&Conly

65

39

Distinctivepatternofinflammationseenintuberculosis
A.Serous
B.Suppurative
C.Fibrinous
D.Chronicgranulomatous

83

40

Thebiologicbehaviourofmalignantmelanomaisdeterminedby:
A.Radialgrowthphase
B.Nature&extentofverticalgrowthphase
C.Degreeofpigmentation
D.All

1179

41

Themostcommonlyacceptedcauseofsquamouscellcarcinomaofthe
skinis:
A.Exposuretoultravioletlight
B.Exposuretoarsenic
C.Cutaneousscars
D.PUVA

1185

42

Thedetectionofthisantibodyisspecificforsystemicsclerosis:
A.Anticentromereantibody
B.AntiScl70

227

60

C.AntiDsDNA
D.AntiSm
C

43

ThereceptorusedbytheHIVstrainthatiseffectiveintransmittingthe
infection:
A.CCR4
B.CXCR4
C.CCR5
D.CXCR5

240

44

Bloodtransfusionreactionisanexampleofwhichmechanismof
hypersensitivityreaction?
A.TypeIVdelayedhypersensitivity
B.TypeIIcomplementdependent
C.TypeIIAbmediatedcellulardysfunction
D.TypeIIIimmunecomplexmediated

199200

45

Trueofclonalanergy:
A.FasFasLengagementleadingtoapoptosisofactivatedTcells
B.clonaldeletionofselfreactiveTcellsduringmaturation
C.Agispresentedbycellsnotbearingtheproperligandresultingtoa
negativesignal
D.suppressorTcellsdownregulatingtheotherTcells

213214

46

A53y/oG10P10(100010)femaleunderwenttransplantationoftheright
kidney.Thedonorkidneywastakenfromherhusband.Fifteenminutes
aftertransplantation,thetransplantedkidneybecomecyanotic,mottled
andflaccid.Whatisthemechanismofrejection?
A.directcellmediatedreaction
B.indirectcellmediatedreaction
C.Abmediatedreaction
D.thereisnograftrejection

207208

47

ThetrueneoplasticelementinHodgkindisease:
A.eosinophil
B.smudgecells
C.plasmacells
D.Reedsternbergcells

48

Leftenlargedaxillarylymphnodefroma45y/ofemalewithleftbreast
carcinomawouldlikelyshow:
A.paracorticalhyperplasia
B.follicularhyperplasia
C.sinushistiocytosis
D.histologicallynormal

49

Incisionbiopsyofasubmandibularmassofa6y/oAfricanboyrevealed
diffuseinfiltratesofintermediatesizedlymphoidcellswith"starrysky"
pattern.TumorcellsexpressCD19,CD10andsurfaceIgM.Givethe
probablediagnosis:
A.Burkitt'slymphoma
B.smalllymphocyticlymphoma
C.acutelymphoblasticlymphoma
D.follicularlymphoma

50

HypochromicMicrocyticRBCisseenin:
A.VitaminB12deficiency
B.Irondeficiencyanemia
C.Sicklecelldisease
D.Hereditaryspherocytosis

H619

51

Sucrosehemolysistestresultinapatientwithparoxysmalnocturnal
hemoglobinuria:
A.nohemolysis

H635

670

649650

662

61

B.<5%hemolysis
C.510%hemolysis
D.>10%hemolysis
A

52

Astillborninfantwithsevereedema,markedanemiaandhepatospleno
megalyshowslargequantitiesofHbBart's.Trueofthiscondition:
A.completeabsenceofalphachains
B.completeabsenceofbetachains
C.lagrequantitiesofHbA
D.smallquantitiesofHbF

H647

53

Angioblastsareinvolvedin:
A.angiogenesis
B.vasculogenesis
C.granulationtissueformation
D.tissueremodeling

103

54

VitaminCdeficiencyretardswoundhealingbecause:
A.infectionpersists
B.woundcontractionisinhibited
C.collagensynthesisisinhibited
D.exuberantgranulationoccurs

110

55

Increasedapoptoticactivitywill:
A.decreasethecellpopulation
B.increasecelldifferentiation
C.decreasecellproliferation
D.decreasecelldeath

90

56

Grossly,abreasttumorissoftwithanappearanceofpalegraybluegelatin.
Microscopically,largelobesoflightlystainingmucinwithfloatingneoplastic
cellsareseen.Whatisyourdiagnosis?
A.Schirouscarcinoma
B.Tubularcarcinoma
C.Medullarycarcinoma
D.Colloidcarcinoma

1112

57

Whichisacommonbenignlesioninmalebreast?
A.fibroadenoma
B.gynecomastia
C.fibrocysticchange
D.tubularadenoma

1117

58

WhichisTRUEinapatientdiagnosedwithinvasivelobularcarcinoma?
A.thetumorisalwaysunilateral
B.tumorfrequentlymetastasizetotheCSF
C.tumorcellsareconfinedtothelobule
D.prominentlymphoplasmacyticinfiltration

1111

59

Whatisthemostcommoncomplaintsoflungcancerpatients?
A.weightloss
B.chestpain
C.cough
D.dyspnea

745

60

Afemalepatientwithnoprevioussmokinghistoryisdiagnosedtohave
bronchogeniccarcinoma,whatisthemostprobablehistologictype?
A.oatcellcarcinoma
B.adenocarcinoma
C.squamouscellcarcinoma
D.largecellcaricnoma

745

61

Apatientpresentedwithenophthalmos,ptosis,&miosis.Hewaspreviously
diagnosedwithlungcancer.Whereisthemostprobablesiteofthetumor?
A.lowerlobe

747

62

B.middlelobe
C.apex
D.wholelung
C

62

Amalignantlungtumoris3cminsizewithoutpleuralinvolvement&hasipsi
lateralhilarnodeinvolvement,whatisthestageofthetumor?
A.Ia
B.Ib
C.IIa
D.IIb

745

63

Patchyconsolidationofthelungs&thepresenceofsuppurativeexudate
fillingupthebronchi,bronchioles,&adjacentalveolarspacesarecharacte
risticsseenin:
A.tuberculosis
B.lobarpneumonia
C.primaryatypicalpneumonia
D.bronchopneumonia

721

64

Theassociatedmolecularchangeintheevolutionofcolorectaltumorfrom
late
adenomatocarcinomaislossof
A.APCgenechromosome5q
B.p53chromosome17p
C.tumorsuppressorgenechromosome18q
D.rasgenechromosome12p

296

65

Migrationoftumorcellsininvasionofextracellularmatrixisfacilitatedby
A.metalloproteinases
B.thymosinB15
c.cadherin
D.betacatenin

302

66

HighriskHPVinvolveincervicalcarcinoma
A.HPV16
B.HPV6
C.HPV11
D.HPV4

311

67

Tumorsuppressorgeneinvolvedinbreastcarcinoma
A.p53
B.WT1
CAPC
D.BRCA1

286

68

Tumorcomposedofmorethanoneneoplasticcellstypefrommorethanone
germlayer
A.pleomorphicadenoma
B.fibroadenoma
C.Maturecysticteratoma
D.leiomyoma

261

69

EnzymedeficiencyinTaySacch'sdisease
A.HexosaminidaseA
B.Sphingomyelinase
C.Glucocerebrosidase
D.alpha1iduronidase

155

70

CharacteristicclinicalmanifestationofVonGierke'sdisease
A.painfulcramps
B.massivecardiomegaly
C.cafaulaitspots
D.hypoglycemia

160

71

MostthreateningfeatureofMarfan'ssyndrome

149

63

A.skeletalabnormality
B.ocularfindings
C.cardiovascularlesion
D.hyperextensibleskin
C

72

ClassIIImutationinFamilialhypercholesterolemiaisadefectin
A.transport
B.recycling
C.binding
D.synthesis

152

75

WhatisthemostcharacteristiccellfoundinRhabdomyoma?
A.EpithelioidHistiocyte
B.SpiderCell
C.MalloryCell
D.Langhan'sGiantCell

591

76

Associatedwithlittleornoproductionofthe427kDproteincalledDystrophin:

1281
1283

A.DuchenneMuscularDystrophy
B.MyotonicDystrophy
C.BeckerMuscularDystrophy
D.AandConly
A

77

Awhiteinfarct,incontrasttoredinfarct,isusuallyseeninorganswhichare:
A.solid
B.withdoublebloodsupply
C.infected
D.previouslycongested.

132

78

Patientswithleftsidedheartfailuremaydeveloppulmonaryedemabecause
of
whichofthefollowingmechanisms?
A.increaseoncoticpressure
B.increaseosmoticpressure
C.vascularpermeability
D.sodiumretention.

114116

79

A24yearsoldmaledrugabuserdevelopedSubacutebacterialendocarditis
involvingthemitralvalve.Thepatientlaterdevelopedasepticpulmonary
infarc.
throughaprocessknownas:
A.systemicthromboembolisation
B.pulmonarythromboembolisation
C.paradoxicalthromboembolisation
D.bacterialdissemination.

130

83

A57yearoldseamanwasadmittedbecauseofdysphagia,sternalpain,
dyspnea,andchroniccoughof6monthsduration.Hewastreatedforapenile
chancrefollowedbyfever,rashes,andlymphadenpathy30yearsago.
Mostpatientswiththislesiondieof:
A.cardiogenicshock
B.hypovolemicshock
C.sepsis
D.congestiveheartfailure

526

84

Themostcharacteristichistologiclesionintheglomeruliofpatientswith
Rapidlyprogressiveglomerulonephritisis:
A.focalhyalinosis
B.basementmembranethickening
C.crescentformation
D.hypercellularity.

951952

86

A28yearoldprimigravidahadhypotensiveshockbecauseofpostpartum
hemorrhage.Herurineoutputrangedfrom80200ml/24hours.The

969971

64

basickidneylesiontoexplainthisdecreasedurineoutputamongthese
patientsis:
A.Hemolyticuremicsyndrome
B.Obstructiveuropathy
C.Acutetubularnecrosis
D.Acutetubulointerstitialnephritis.
A

88

Histologicfindingsofmarkedlyenlargedhyperchromaticnuclei,arrangedin
disorderlyfashionwithincreasdmitosis,andconfinedwithinthebasement
membraneofthepenileskinisconsistentwith:
A.Bowen'sdisease
B.ErythroplasiaofQueyrat
C.Bowenoidpapulosis
D.Squamouscellcarcinoma.

1013

89

An8yearoldmalechildwasbroughttothehospitalfortesticular
enlargement.
Pertinentphysicalexaminationfindingsrevealedgynecomastia,withpubic
andaxillaryhairandhuskyvoice.Themostprobabletesticularlesionis:
A.Seminoma
B.Leydigcelltumor
C.Sertolicelltumor
D.Embryonalcellcarcinoma

1024

90

Foundinthehippocampusandpurkinjecellsofthecerebellumofpatients
with
Alziemer'sDisease
A.Cowdrybodies
B.Negribodies
C.Lewybodies
D.Hiranobodies

1331

91

CharacteristicofCNSneoplasia
A.metastasizeearly
B.majorityariseformneurons
C.siteismoreimportantthangrade
D.metastaticcancersareuncommon

1343

92

Hydrocephalusmayresultfrom
A.tuberculousmeningitis
B.decreasedbrainparenchyma
C.spaceoccupyinglesioninthebrain
D.allofthese

12989

96

Livercancerseeninyoungadultswithoutpredisposingfactors
A.cholangiocarcinoma
B.angiosarcoma
C.fibrolamellarHCC
D.hepaticadenoma

8901

98

Mechanismoftriglycerideaccumulationinmalnutrition
A.excessiveproduction
B.exogenousaccumulation
C.defectivetransport
D.decreasedenzyme

39

99

Proteinaccumulationincell
A.brownatrophy
B.Psammomabodies
C.Russellbodies
D.steatosis

41

100

MostcommoninitialoutcomeofacuteinflammationinPepticulcer:
A.Abscessformation
B.Healingthroughfibrosis

79

65

C.Progressiontochronicinflammation
D.Resolution

REFERENCE
RobbinsPathologicBasisofDiseasesbyCotran,Kumar,Collins6thedition
H=ClinicalDiagnosisandManagementbyLaboratoryMethodsbyHenrynineteenth
edition

1. Whichofthefollowingaccumulatesinthecytoplasmoflivercellsinsteatosis:
a. Sphingolipids
ans.d
p.25
b. phospholipids
c. cholesterol/cholesterolesters
d. triglycerides
2. Chalkywhiteappearanceofnecrotictissuesisseeninwhichofthefollowing:
a. caseationnecrosis
ans.c
p.1092
b. coagulationnecrosis
c. enzymaticfatnecrosis
d. liquefactionnecrosis
3. Obstructionofthebloodsupplytothebrainwouldleadtowhichtypeof
necrosis:
a. Caseation
ans.C
p.138
b. coagulation
c. liquefaction
d. enzymaticfatnecrosis
4. WhatisthecelloforiginoftheepitheloidcellandtheLanghansgiantcellseen
intuberculouslesion:
a. Neutrophils
ans.B
p.216
b. monocyte
c. lymphocyte
d. plasmacell
5. Adenocarcinomaoftheprostatetendstoinvolveinitiallywhichofthefollowing
lobesoftheprostategland:
a. Anterior
ans.B
p.1054
b. posterior
c. lateral
d. median
6. A60yearoldwomanpresentedwithpostmenopausalbleeding.DandCshowed
endometrialhyperplasia.Pelvicultrasoundshowedasolidmasssintheleft
overy.Totalabdominalhysterectomyandbilateralsalpingooophorectomywas
done.Thehistopathologicexaminationoftheleftovarywouldmostlikelyshow
whichofthefollowing:
a. Granulosecelltumor
ans.A
p.1102
b. Matureteratoma
c. Mucinouscystadenoma
d. Fibroma
7. MarkedthrombocytopeniaandaDIClikephenomenonareresponsibleforthe
unusuallyseverebleedingtendencyinwhichofthefollowing:
a. Acutelymphocyticleukemia
ans.C
p.693
b. Acutemonocyticleukemia
c. Acutemyelocyticleukemia
d. Acutepromyelocyticleukemia
8. Lacunarcellsareseeninwhichofthefollowing:
a. Hodgkinslymphoma
ans.a
p.646
b. NonHodgkinslymphoma
c. Plasmacelldyscrasia
d. Langerhanscellhistiocytosis
66

9. ThemostcommoncauseofdeathinMultipleMyelomais:
a. renalfailure
ans.c
p.664
b. widespreadmetastases
c. infection
d. bleeding
10. Plasmacellsarepredominantcellularinfiltratesinlesionsassociatedwithwhich
ofthefollowing::
a. Herpesvirus
ans.C
p.388
b. N.gonorrheae
c. .T.pallidum
d. HepatitisBvirus
11. KimmelstielWilsonslesionsindiabetesmellitusareseeninwhichofthe
following:
a. Eyes
ans.D
p.991
b. pancreas
c. liver
d. kidney
12. Diffuseinfiltrationoftheadrenalglandisapathologiclesionmostcommonly
associatedwithwhichofthefollowing:
a. Cushingssyndrome
ans.C
p.1215
b. WaterhouseFriederischensyndrome
c. Addisonsdisease
d. Connssyndrome
13. Thecellortissueoforiginofmostbreastcarcinomasisthe:
a. Stroma
ans.B
p.1130
b. Duct
c. Lobule
d. Acini
14. Incervicalcarcinoma,involvementofthelowerthirdofthevaginaiswhatstage.
a. I
ans.C
p.1077
b. II
c. III
d. IV
15. Whichofthefollowingisthemostlikelymediatorofpain:
a. Histamine
ans.B
p.68
b. Prostaglandin
c. Cytokine
d. Oxygenmetabolites
16. Inhealingbysecondaryintention,theresultantscarismuchsmallerthanthe
originalwoundbecauseofwhichofthefollowing:
a. Lessfibrinformation
ans.D
p.113
b. Removalofexudates
c. Moregranulationtissue
d. Woundretraction
17. ThefinalcommonpathwayofARDSiswhichofthefollowing:
a. Diffusedamagetoalveolarcapillarywalls ans.D
p.715
b. Deficientpulmonarysurfactant
c. Fibrinexudation
d. Formationofhyalinemembranes
18. Whichofthefollowingisthemostcommonpathwayfortheinitialrouteof
metastasisofcarcinomas:
a. directextension
ans.Dp.279
b. seeding
c. hematogenous
d. lymphatics
19. Whichofthefollowingarecharacteristicsofantemortemclots:
a. linesofZahn
ans.Ap.133
67

b. currantjellyclots
c. both
d. neither
20. Emboliofmajorveinsofthelegswilleventuallyplugsmallvesselsofwhichof
thefollowing:
a. pulmonarycirculation
ans.Ap.136
b. coronarycirculation
c. cerebralcirculation
d. systemiccirculation
21. Whichofthefollowingisthemostimportantfactorinthedevelopmentof
thrombosis:
a. Stasis
ans.Cp.130
b. turbulence
c. endothelialinjury
d. hypercoagulabilityofblood
22. Whichofthefollowingisthesubstancethatisresponsibleformassiveperipheral
vasodilatationinsepsis:
a. Cytokines
ans.Dp.72
b. oxygenderivedfreeradicals
c. fibrindegradationproducts
d. nitricoxide
23. Movementofleukocytestowardsthesiteofinjuryis:
a. Opsonization
ans.Bp.56
b. Chemotaxis
c. Diapedesis
d. Transmigration
24. Secondaryunionischaracterizedby:
a. Woundcontration
ans.Ap.113
b. Minimaltissueloss
c. Deathoflimitedcells
d. Smalldefect
25. CellswhichactasvehiclesinthetransportofHIVtotheotherpartsofthebody:
a. Monocytes
ans.Ap.248
b. Neutrophils
c. Lymphocytes
d. Plasmacells
26. Diffuseeffacementoffootprocessesischaracteristicof:
a. Idiopathicrapidlyprogressiveglomerulonephritis ans.B p.981
b. Lipoidnephrosis
c. IgAnephropathy
d. Lupusnephritis
27. Accumulationofcells,intheformofcrescents,inthebowmansspaceis
characteristicofwhichofthefollowing:
a. Focalsegmentalglomerulosclerosis
ans.C p.976
b. Membranousglomerulonephritis
c. Rapidlyprogressiveglomerulonephritis
d. Nephriticsyndrome
28. Hematuria,oliguriaandhypertensionindicateinvolvementofthe:
a. Glomeruli
ans.A
p.974
b. Tubules
c. Interstitium
d. Bloodvessels
29. Primarilyunconjugatedhyperbilirubinemiaisseeninwhichofthefollowing:
a. Viralhepatitis
ans.D
p.888
b. DubinHohnsonsyndrome
c. Biliarytractobstruction
d. Gilbertssyndrome
68

30. Theclassicdiagnosticfeaturesofcostovertebralpain,palpablemassand
hematuriasuggestthepresenceofwhichofthefollowing:
a. Renalcellcarcinoma
ans.A
p.1018
b. Wilmstumor
c. UrethelialCAoftherenalpelvis
d. UrinarybladderCA
31. ThemostimportanthistopathologicindicationofCNSinjuryis:
a. Rosenthalfibers
ans.B
p.1351
b. Gliosis
c. Neuronophagia
d. Corporaamylacea
32. Whichofthefollowingmarkersconferprotectionandformsthebasisforcurrent
vaccinationstrategies:
a. AntiHBe
ans.D
p.894
b. IgMantiHBe
c. IgGantiHBe
d. AntiHBsAg
33. Persistentinfectionandchronichepatitisarehallmarksofwhichofthefollowing:
a. HBV
ans.A
p.891892
b. HCV
c. CoinfectionwithHDVandHBV
d. HEV
34. H.pyloriisassociatedwithwhichofthefollowingconditions:
a. Barrettesophagus
ans.B
p.817
b. Pepticulcer
c. Refluxesophagitis
d. Curlingsulcer
35. Varicealdilatationoftheanalandperianalplexusesiscalled:
a. Angiodysplasia
ans.B
p.854
b. Hemorrhoids
c. Hemangioma
d. Arteriovenousmalformation
36. Whichofthefollowingisassociatedwithearlycyanosis:
a. Patentduotusarteriosus
ans.b
p.575
b. TetralogyofFallot
c. Ventricularseptaldefect
d. Atrialseptaldefect
37. Mostdeathsthatoccurduringacuterheumaticfeverarecausedbywhichofthe
following:
a. Streptococcalsepsis
ans.c
p.549
b. Pericarditis
c. Myocarditis
d. Endocarditis
38. Thefollowingareeffectsofagingintheheart,EXCEPT:
a. Brownatrophy
ans.b
b. bootshapedheart
c. sigmoidseptum
d. Lamblsexcrecences

p.519

39. Whichofthefollowingprimarilyaffectsthecerebralcortex:
a. Parkinsonism
ans.b
p.1329
b. Alzheimersdisease
c. Huntingtonsdisease
d. Friedrichataxia
40. Mostcasesofesophagealcarcinomasarelocatedinthe:
a. Upperthird
ans.b
p.765
69

b. Middlethird
c. Lowerthird
d. Gastroesophagealjunction
41. Gastrichypersecretion,pancreaticislettumor,pepticulcerdiseaseunresponsive
totreatmentandseverediarrheacharacterizewhichofthefollowing:
a. Insulinoma
ans.b
p.923
b. Gastrinoma
c. Multipleendocrineneoplasia
d. Glucagenoma
42. Hirschsprungsdiseaseusuallyinvolveswhichsegmentoftheintestine:
a. jejunum
ans.c
p.786
b. ileum
c. cecum
d. rectum
43. Thisiselevatedupto2weeksinacutepancreatitis:
a. Serumamylase
ans.c
p.901
b. Serumlipase
c. Urineamylase
d. Serumcalcium
44. Themostcommoncauseofdeathinpatientswithadvancedcervicalcarcinomais:
a. Uremia
ans.a
p.1053
b. Infection
c. Widespreadmetastasis
d. Bleeding
45. Strumaovariiisavariantofwhichofthefollowing:
a. Granulosacelltumor
ans.b
p.1072
b. Teratoma
c. Endodermalsinustumor
d. Dysgerminoma
46. Chronicnecrotizinginfectionofthebronchiandbronchiolesassociatedwith
abnormaldilationoftheairwaysis:
a. Bronchitis
ans.c
p.692
b. Emphysema
c. Bronchiectasis
d. Lungabscess
47. Themostfrequentmechanisminthedevelopmentoflungabscessis:
a. septicembolism
ans.b
p.699
b. aspirationofinfectedmaterial
c. postpneumoniccomplication
d. directtrauma
48. Whichofthefollowingistheclassicphysiologicfeatureofdiffuseinterstitial
lungdisease:
a. Increasedlungvolume
ans.a
b. Decreasedpulmonaryresistance
c. Limitedexpiratoryflowrates
d. Reductioninoxygendiffusingcapacity,lungvolumeorcompliance
49. Themostcommoncauseofhydrothoraxis:
a. Renalfailure
ans.b
b. Congestiveheartfailure
c. Nephriticsyndrome
d. Cirrhosis
50. Whichofthefollowingisseeninrickets:
a. Bowingofthebones

ans.a

p.729

p.417
70

b. Osteosclerosis
c. Normalgrowthzonesinmetaphysic
d. Pectusexcavatum
51. Theinvolucrumofosteomyelitisconsstsofwhichofthefollowing:
a. Necroticbone
ans.d
p.1230
b. Fromafocusinthepelvis
c. Drainingsinuses
d. Reactivebonearoundasequestrum
52. WhichofthefollowingiscorrectregardinghowTuberculousosteomyelitisarise:
a. spontaneously
ans.d
p.1231
b. fromafocusinthepelvis
c. fromafocusinthespinalcord
d. fromahematogenousdissemination
53. Whichofthefollowingisassociatedwithosteoporosis:
a. reducedphysicalactivity
ans.c
b. increasedparathyroidhormone
c. both
d. neither

p.12201221

54. Coupandcontrecoupinjuriesarecharacterizedbywhichofthefollowing:
a. infarctionofbraintissue
ans.d
p.1305
b. hemorrhageofbraintissue
c. lacerationofbraintissue
d. contusionofbrain
55. Inrabies,Negribodiesarefoundinwhichofthefollowing:
a. Hippocampus
ans.a
p.1320
b. temporallobes
c. hypothalamus
d. pons
56. Themostcommonsiteinvolvedinhypertensiveintracranialhemorrhageiswhich
ofthefollowing:
a. Thalamus
ans.c
p.1311
b. pons
c. putamen
d. cerebellum
57. Whatisthemostcommonrouteofentryofinfectiousorganismsinthecentral
nervoussystem:
a. directimplantation
ans.b
p.1314
b. peripheralnervoussystem
c. localextension
d. hematogenous
58. Theanteriorhornmotorneuronsofthespinalcordareprimarilyaffectedinwhich
ofthefollowingconditions:
a. cytomegalovirusinfection
ans.b
p.1320
b. poliomyelitis
c. toxoplasmosis
d. herpessimplexencephalitis
59. Scirrhouscarcinomasofthebreastareusually:
a. medullarycarcinomas
ans.b
b. ductalcarcinomas
c. mucinouscarcinomas
d. lobularcarcinomas

p.1103

71

60. Whichofthefollowingis/arecharacteristicmammographiccalcificationsin
breastcarcinomas:
a. Smaller
ans.d
p.1106
b. moretightlyclustered
c. morenumerous
d. alloftheabove
61. Whichofthefollowingisthemostcommoncauseoflumpinthebreast:
a. nodisease
ans.d
p.1091
b. cancer
c. fibroadenoma
d. fibrocysticdisease
62. Thecharacteristicflaskshapedulcersinamebiasisaremostfrequentlyseenin
whichofthefollowing:
a. ascendingcolon
ans.a
p.333
b. transversecolon
c. descendingcolon
d. rectum
63. WhatkindoforganismisPneumocystiscarinii:
a. Bacterium
ans.c
b. virus
c. protozoa
d. fungus

p.228

64. Pipestemfibrosisoftheliverisseeninwhichofthefollowing:
a. Syphilis
ans.c
p.372
b. tuberculosis
c. schistosomiasis
d. malaria

72