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GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM (GPS) SURVEY

PROJECT NAME: PARTICIPATORY MAPPING AND PLANNING (PMAP)

PREPARED BY:
Abt Associates
Gandaria 8 Office Tower, Suite 813
Jalan Sultan Iskandar Muda, Arteri Pondok Indah
Jakarta Selatan

00
Rev

Final
Description

Novayanty
Prepared

Albertus Hadi
Checked by

Geoffrey Swenson
Approved

5 August 2015
Date

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GPS SURVEY FOR VILLAGE BOUNDARY DEMACRATION

Table of Contents
1.

INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................... 4
1.1

SCOPE OF WORK ......................................................................................................................... 4

1.2

WORK AREA .............................................................................................................................. 5

1.3

PROJECT MANAGEMENT .............................................................................................................. 7

2.

DEFINITION ........................................................................................................................................ 7

3.

GEODETIC PARAMETER ........................................................................................................................ 6

4.

PERSONNEL AND EQUIPMENT ............................................................................................................... 7

5.

6.

7.

4.1

PERSONNEL ................................................................................................................................ 7

4.2

EQUIPMENT ............................................................................................................................... 7

METHODOLOGY .................................................................................................................................. 7
5.1

DATA COLLECTION PARAMETER .................................................................................................... 7

5.2

GROUND CONTROL POINT............................................................................................................ 8

5.3

VILLAGE BOUNDARY PILLAR (PBU/PBA) ...................................................................................... 9

OPERATION ...................................................................................................................................... 10
6.1

EQUIPMENT VERIFICATION ......................................................................................................... 10

6.2

GPS OBSERVATION ................................................................................................................... 10

6.3

FIELD PROCESSING .................................................................................................................... 10

6.4

FIELD REPORT ........................................................................................................................... 11

6.5

TIME FRAME ............................................................................................................................ 12

DELIVERABLE .................................................................................................................................... 13

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List of Figures
Figure 1 Jangkat Timur Sub District ........................................................................................................................ 5
Figure 2 Bonehau Sub District ................................................................................................................................. 6
Figure 3 GPS Static Observation ............................................................................................................................. 8
Figure 4 Fast-Static Observation............................................................................................................................. 9

List of Tables
Table 1 List of Villages and estimated area of village in Jangkat Timur ................................................................. 6
Table 2 List of Villages and estimated area of village in Bonehau ......................................................................... 6
Table 3 Duration of GPS Static Observation (refer to appendix 1 of the Ministry Home Affair regulation 27 of
2006) ............................................................................................................................................................ 10
Table 4 Estimation number of GCP and PBU/PBA ................................................................................................ 10
Table 5 Work Plan and Schedule- GPS Survey Phase 1 ......................................................................................... 12

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1. INTRODUCTION
The Millennium Challenge Account (MCA) Indonesia and the Government of Indonesia want
to promote economic prosperity with low carbon growth. The program includes the Green
Prosperity Project, which has a component of Participatory Land Use Planning (PLUP)
Activity. The Activity covers the investment in administrative boundary setting, updating
and integration of land use inventories and enhancement of spatial plans at the district and
provincial levels. Recently MCA Indonesia launched Participatory Mapping and Planning
(PMaP) 1 project with project sites in the provinces of Jambi and West Sulawesi.

Abt Associates has been awarded a contract to carry out this project. The project has four
components: including Task 1: Participatory (with the community and local government)
determination, geo-location and physical demarcation of village boundaries (VBS), the
mapping of natural and cultural resource areas (RM) within the villages and the creation of
geo-spatial databases of the information collected VBS/RM. The component has 18 stages
and one of the stages is to affirm boundary and place markers. For this purpose Abt
Associates seeks a consultancy service in geodetic measurement of village boundary pillars.

This term of reference describe the scope of work, project management, geodetic
parameter, methodology, field execution and deliverable.

1.1

SCOPE OF WORK

The purpose of this work is to determine the coordinates of village boundary pillar through
GPS survey with GNSS receiver in order to achieve five (5) cm accuracy as requirement for
this project.
The detail of scope of work as below:

To provide GPS receiver equipped with GNSS receiver along with experienced survey
technician/operator

To provide equipment verification prior to field operation

To establish ground control point (GCP) order 3/4 derive from the nearest national
ground control point provide by BIG. A five (5) cm is required for each GCP

To carry out GPS survey to determine the coordinate of pillar boundary (PBU/PBA).
A five (5) cm is required for each PBU/PBA

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To provide summary of baseline processing of each point. The least square

To provide daily activities report on twenty four (24) hourly basis

To provide station description of each village boundary pillar.

1.2

WORK AREA

The first phase of this work will be carried out a simultaneous GPS survey operation at two
locations that are Bohehau- Mamuju, Sulawesi Barat and Jangkat Timur- Jambi.
The detail of work area as presented below:

Kecamatan Jangkat Timur Provinsi Jambi ( Lat 233S; Long 10159'E)

Figure 1 Jangkat Timur Sub District

Indicative list of village and estimated area of village in Jangkat Timur Sub district as detail
below:
DISTRICT

MERANGIN

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SUBDISTRICT

JANGKAT TIMUR

VILLAGES
PEMATANG PAUH
BERINGIN TINGGI
TANJUNG BENUANG
GEDANG
RANTAU SULI
TALANG TEMBAGO
BARU
TANJUNG MUDO
KOTO TEGUH
JANGKAT
KOTO BARU
TANJUNG ALAM

ESTIMATED AREA (ha.)

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64,599.3

Table 1 List of Villages and estimated area of village in Jangkat Timur

Kecamatan Bonehau Sulawesi Barat ( Lat : 234'S; Lon 11921'E)

Figure 2 Bonehau Sub District

Indicative list of village and estimated area of village in Bonehau Sub district as detail below:
DISTRICT

MAMUJU

SUBDISTRICT

BONEHAU

VILLAGES

ESTIMATED AREA (ha.)

TAMALEA
LUMIKA
HINUA
KINANTANG
SALUTIWO
BANUADA
MAPPU
BONEHAU
BUTTU ADA

2,369.2
2,548.3
3,262.5
24,816.5
5,531.6
12,420.9
5,716.2
14,514.6
24,462.0
95,642.4

Table 2 List of Villages and estimated area of village in Bonehau

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1.3

PROJECT MANAGEMENT

To ensure a smooth and project successful operation, below is the project management
diagram as reference for line command/communication:

Chief of Party
Geofferey Swenson

Task 1 Coord.
Albertus Hadi

Geodetic Engineer
Novayanty

Surveyor
Team Leader

Surveyor
Technician

Surveyor
Technician

Surveyor
Technician

Field Processor

2. DEFINITION
GNSS
GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) is a satellite system that is used to pinpoint the
geographic location of a user's receiver anywhere in the world. Three GNSS systems are
currently in operation: the United States' Global Positioning System (GPS), the Russian
Federation's Global Orbiting Navigation Satellite System (GLONASS) and Europe's Galileo

GPS
The Global Positioning System operated and maintained by the United States Department of
Defense. Consists of a constellation of space based orbiting satellites, and a network of earth
based ground control stations.

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GLONASS
Another navigation system similar to GPS, but operated by Russia. The number of satellites
in use had decreased in recent years, although plans to reinvigorate the system are
underway. Some GPS receivers can receive GLONASS signals also.

Galileo
The European Union navigation system.

Carrier Phase
The phase measurement of the GPS signal carrier wave. The L1 carrier wave is a sinusoidal
waveform modulated to represent the C/A code whereas the L2 carrier wave is a sinusoidal
waveform modulated to represent the military restricted P-code.

WGS84
World Geodetic System 1984. The default operating datum of GPS receivers.

ITRF2000
International Terrestrial Reference Frame 2000.

PDOP
Positional Dilution of Precision a measure of the satellite geometry and its effect on the
computed position. A larger number means poorer satellite geometry, and a less accurate
computed position.

UTM
The Universal

Transverse

Mercator (UTM) conformal

projection uses

a 2-

dimensional Cartesian coordinate system to give locations on the surface of the Earth.

PBU
Pillar Batas Utama- Main Pillar of the village boundary

PBA
Pilar Batas Antara-Additional pillar boundary, normally located in between of PBU

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3. GEODETIC PARAMETER
WGS 84 is a default datum of all GPS receivers.
Ellipsoid Reference

: WGS-84

Semi-major Axis (a)

: 6378137.000m

Inverse flattening (1/f)

: 298.257223563

Horizontal Datum

: DGN 95

Projection parameters
Projection

: Transverse Mercator

Grid Projection System

: Universal Traverse Mercator

Jangkat Timur
UTM Zone

: 47S

Central Meridian

: 990E

UTM Zone

: 48S

Central Meridian

: 1050E

Bonehau

UTM Zone

: 50S

Central Meridian

: 1170E

Latitude of origin

: 00 (equator)

False Easting

: 500 000 m

False Northing

: 10 000 000 m

Scale Factor

: 0.9996

Unit of Coordinates

: International Meters

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4. PERSONNEL AND EQUIPMENT

PERSONNEL

The following number of personnel involves in survey operation at each work area, one
being appointed as team leader:

1x Team Leader, holding bachelor degree in Geodetic and Geomatics Engineering

3 x Experienced- Technician/operator with working experience in remote rural area

1x

Experienced-Field Processor , holding bachelor degree in Geodetic and

Geomatics Engineering with minimum two (2) years experience in GPS Survey

4.2

EQUIPMENT

Surface positioning shall be provided by a multi-reference differential GPS system. The GPS
receiver must have the ability to capture the GNSS signal.
Accuracy of the surface positioning system shall be checked at a known location prior to the
beginning of the survey operation.
Below are the lists of equipment to be provided at each work area:

4x GPS GNSS receivers

4x Radio Communication

Personnel Protective Equipment (PPE) of each field operator

1x Laptop or PC for field processing

1x Software Processing

All software use should be in original version

5. METHODOLOGY
5.1

DATA COLLECTION PARAMETER

The data collection parameters should be confirmed prior to commencing data logging using
a suitable software package (eg: Trimble GPS configurator), or a survey controller (eg:TSCe)
set or confirm the following parameters:

Elevation mask 10-15 (satellites below 10 above the horizon will be ignored)

PDOP mask - 7 (observations with a PDOP greater than 7 will be ignored)

Measurement logging rate - 15 seconds

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Position logging rate - 15 seconds

Logging location either receiver or controller

File splitting do not split

5.2

GROUND CONTROL POINT

The ground control point (GCP) will be determined by GPS static method. Static GPS is a
technique that can be used to obtain high quality coordinates for unknown points. It can be
used as a means of establishing survey control marks level 2 or 3 in areas where none exist.
Static GPS surveying typically uses a network or multiple baseline approach for positioning. It
may consist of multiple receivers, multiple baselines, multiple observational redundancies
and multiple sessions. A least squares adjustment of the observations is required.

The survey control mark should ties to the Nearest National Spatial Reference System Point
issued by Badan Informasi Geospasial (BIG) or Badan Pertanahan Nasional (BPN)

Figure 3 GPS Static Observation

The two baselines will be used in network adjustment to derive geographical coordinate
level 2/ 3 of the unknown point. At least Four (4) hours observation for each GCP divided
into two (2) session observations are the minimum requirement to achieve a five (5) cm
accuracy.
Initially, four GCP will be established at each work area and one of them will be located at
Government Sub District Office (Kantor Kecamatan ). The final number of GCP will be advise
latter depend on the field condition.

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5.3

VILLAGE BOUNDARY PILLAR (PBU/PBA)

In accordance with the Indonesia Government Home Affair Regulation - PP no. 27 tahun
2006, the PBU will be located at the beginning point of village boundary to the end and the
PBA is installed in between of PBU.
Frequency of boundary markers (according to PP no. 27 tahun 2006):

For village boundaries with high potentials (population density, economic value,
cultural value, etc.), the frequency of each pillar should be at least every 0.5 km to 1
km.

For village boundary pillars where potentials are lower, the pillars can be installed
between 1 km and 3 km apart.

A fast-static survey method will use to determine the coordinate of PBU/PBA. This will allow
shorter occupation times (i.e., 8 to 20+ minutes) using a radial baseline technique, network
technique, or a combination of the two. Baseline lengths may not exceed 20 kilometers.

Figure 4 Fast-Static Observation

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6. OPERATION
6.1

EQUIPMENT VERIFICATION

Equipment verification should be done prior to the survey operation commencement.

6.2

GPS OBSERVATION

During GPS observation, the control point/pillar should be cleared from any obstructions to
GPS satellite signal.
In general, the time offset between GPS observations as followed:
Minimum Observation Time
Single Frequency
Dual Frequency

Baseline Length
(km)
1-3
3-5
5-10
10-20
20-100
100-200

15 minutes
20 minutes
30 minutes
2 hours
4 hours
6 hours

10 minutes
15 minutes
20 minutes
1 hours
2 hours
3 hours

Table 3 Duration of GPS Static Observation (refer to appendix 1 of the Ministry Home Affair regulation 27 of 2006)

The estimation of the number of GCP and PBU/PBA at each work area as presented below:
Sub District

No of Pillar
GCP

PBU

PBA

Jangkat Timur

24

55

Bonehau

21

81

Table 4 Estimation number of GCP and PBU/PBA

The final number of PBU/PBA will be advised later, depend on the number of PBU/PBA as an
agreement between villagers, and also government during the village boundary workshop.
If there are any observations beyond the accuracy requirement due to human error or
equipment failure, the second observation for those pillars should be carried out on the
following day.

6.3

FIELD PROCESSING

A field processing will be generated daily to verify the quality of the GPS observation. As an
indicator of the survey quality, a project summary should be printed as supplied by the
software. It will indicate the information about the baseline processing and the adjustment
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routine. Such things as histograms and bell curves, ratios of precision for each point, etc. are
generally available for review.

6.4

FIELD REPORT

The field reports include station description and daily activities should be made available at
daily basis - the next day after the GPS survey carried out.

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6.5

TIME FRAME
Work Plan and Schedule- GPS Survey Phase 1
Days

No

Task

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

Jangkat Timur-Jambi
1

Mobilization

2
3

Equipment Verification

4
5

PBU/PBA Measurement

Demobilization

GCP Measurement
Field Processing

Bonehau-Sulawesi Barat
1

Mobilization

2
3

Equipment Verification

4
5

PBU/PBA Measurement

Demobilization

GCP Measurement
Field Processing
Table 5 Work Plan and Schedule- GPS Survey Phase 1

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18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

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7. DELIVERABLE
The list of deliverable submitted at the end of project as detailed below:

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Raw data /DAT/RINEX data of each GCP and pillar