MGT 420 Final Exam
MGT 420 Final Exam
0*7),1$/(;$0*HWDQ$
,I\RXVHOHFWDSK\VLFLDQVROHO\RQWKHUHSXWDWLRQRIWKHSK\VLFLDQ\RXDUHEDVLQJ\RXUGHFLVLRQ
RIZKLFKRIWKHIROORZLQJGLPHQVLRQVRIVHUYLFHTXDOLW\"
$6HUYLFHUHOLDELOLW\
%5HVSRQVLYHQHVV
&3HUFHLYHGTXDOLW\
'$VVXUDQFH
((PSDWK\
:KLFKRIWKHIROORZLQJLVWKHPRVWWUDGLWLRQDOGHILQLWLRQRITXDOLW\"
$)HDWXUHV
%'XUDELOLW\
&&RQIRUPDQFH
'3HUIRUPDQFH
(5HOLDELOLW\
/LNHHQJLQHHUVRSHUDWLRQVPDQDJHUVDUHYHU\FRQFHUQHGDERXWSURGXFWDQGSURFHVVGHVLJQ
+RZHYHUUDWKHUWKDQIRFXVLQJRQRQO\WKHWHFKQLFDODVSHFWVRIWKRVHDFWLYLWLHVRSHUDWLRQV
FRQFHQWUDWHVRQWKHBBBBBBBBBBRIWKHVHDFWLYLWLHV
$0DQDJHPHQW
%(FRQRPLFV
&0DUNHWLQJ
'6WDIILQJ
()LQDQFLQJ
:KLFKRIWKHIROORZLQJLVQRWDQH[DPSOHRIDVWUDWHJLFFRQWHQWYDULDEOH"
$7LPH
%/HDGHUVKLS
&4XDOLW\FRVWV
'*HQHULFVWUDWHJLHV
(3ODQQLQJ
7KHUROHRIPDUNHWLQJLQGHVLJQKDVEHHQWREULQJWKHYRLFHRIWKHBBBBBBBBBBLQWRWKHGHVLJQ
SURFHVV
$LQWHUPHGLDU\
%FXVWRPHU
&SURGXFHU
'UDZPDWHULDOVXSSOLHU
(UHWDLORXWOHW
BBBBBBBBBBLVWKHSURFHVVE\ZKLFKDOHDGHULQIOXHQFHVDJURXSWRPRYHWRZDUGWKHDWWDLQPHQW
RIVXSHURUGLQDWHJRDOV
$3ODQQLQJ
%(PSRZHUPHQW
&&RQWUROOLQJ
'/HDGHUVKLS
(2UJDQL]LQJ
BBBBBBBBBBDUHWHDPVWKDWZRUNWRLPSURYHSURFHVVHVDQGFXVWRPHUVHUYLFH
$7LJHUWHDPV
%1DWXUDOZRUNJURXSV
&3URFHVVLPSURYHPHQWWHDPV
'6HOIGLUHFWHGZRUNWHDPV
(&URVVIXQFWLRQDOWHDPV
$OORIWKHDFWLYLWLHVDVVRFLDWHGZLWKGHYHORSLQJDSURGXFWIURPFRQFHSWGHYHORSPHQWWRILQDO
GHVLJQDQGLPSOHPHQWDWLRQLVNQRZQDV
$VLPXOWDQHRXVHQJLQHHULQJ
%OLIHWHVWLQJ
&FRQFXUUHQWGHVLJQ
'SURFHVVGHVLJQ
(SURGXFWGHVLJQ
$ILUPVXQGHUVWDQGLQJRIWKHFXVWRPHUVWKHLUQHHGVDQGWKHLUZDQWVLVUHIHUUHGWRDV
$LQWHUQDOFXVWRPHUSHUVSHFWLYH
%FXVWRPHUFRQIRUPDQFH
&FORVHQHVVWRFXVWRPHUV
'FXVWRPHUFXOWXUH
(FXOWXUDOULFKQHVV
BBBBBBBBBBZDVZLGHO\DFFHSWHGDVWKHZRUOGVSUHHPLQHQWDXWKRULW\RQTXDOLW\PDQDJHPHQW
SULRUWRKLVGHDWKRQ'HFHPEHUEHFDXVHRIKLVLQIOXHQFHRQ-DSDQHVHDQG$PHULFDQ
LQGXVWU\
$$UPDQG)HLJHQEDXP
%*HQLFKL7DJXFKL
&:(GZDUGV'HPLQJ
'3KLOLS&URVE\
(.DRUX,VKLNDZD
7KHPDMRUWKHRUHWLFDOFRQWULEXWLRQRI.DRUX,VKLNDZDZDV
$3DUHWR$QDO\VLV
%KLVDVVHUWLRQWKDWTXDOLW\LVIUHH
&KLVLQVLJKWWKDWRUJDQL]DWLRQDOTXDOLW\SUREOHPVDUHODUJHO\WKHUHVXOWRILQVXIILFLHQWDQG
LQHIIHFWLYHSODQQLQJIRUTXDOLW\
'WKHFRQFHSWRIEHQFKPDUNLQJ
(KLVHPSKDVLVRQWRWDOLQYROYHPHQWRIWKHRSHUDWLQJHPSOR\HHVLQLPSURYLQJTXDOLW\
7KHGHYHORSPHQWDQGGLVVHPLQDWLRQRIWKHEDVLFVHYHQWRROVRITXDOLW\ZDVWKHZRUNRI
$*HQLFKL7DJXFKL
%3KLOLS&URVE\
&-RVHSK-XUDQ
'.DRUX,VKLNDZD
(:(GZDUGV'HPLQJ
2QHRIWKHGLIILFXOWLHVLQVDWLVI\LQJFXVWRPHUUHTXLUHPHQWVLVWKDWLQDG\QDPLFHQYLURQPHQW
FXVWRPHUQHHGVDUH
$FRQVWDQWO\FKDQJLQJLQVHUYLFHVEXWUHPDLQIDLUO\VWDEOHLQPDQXIDFWXULQJ
%FRQVWDQWO\FKDQJLQJLQPDQXIDFWXULQJEXWUHPDLQIDLUO\VWDEOHLQVHUYLFHV
&QRWDSULRULW\IRUPDQ\ILUPV
'FRQVWDQWO\FKDQJLQJ
(UHODWLYHO\VWDEOH
7KHPRGHORIUHDFWLYHFXVWRPHUGULYHQTXDOLW\VKRZV
$DILUPVTXDOLW\SHUIRUPDQFHLVLQFUHDVLQJZKLOHTXDOLW\FRVWVDUHGHFUHDVLQJ
%DILUPVTXDOLW\SHUIRUPDQFHLVLQFUHDVLQJZKLOHFXVWRPHUVH[SHFWDWLRQVDUHDOVRLQFUHDVLQJ
&DILUPVTXDOLW\SHUIRUPDQFHLVLQFUHDVLQJZKLOHFXVWRPHUVH[SHFWDWLRQVDUHGHFUHDVLQJ
'DILUPVTXDOLW\SHUIRUPDQFHLVLQFUHDVLQJZKLOHTXDOLW\FRVWVDUHDOVRLQFUHDVLQJ
(DILUPVTXDOLW\SHUIRUPDQFHLVGHFUHDVLQJZKLOHFXVWRPHUVH[SHFWDWLRQVDUHDOVRGHFUHDVLQJ
:LWKBBBBBBBBBBDOOZRUNLVLQVSHFWHGDWHDFKVWDJHRIWKHPDQXIDFWXULQJSURFHVVDQGWKH
ZRUNHUVLQVSHFWWKHLURZQZRUN
$IXOOIUDPHTXDOLW\FRQWURO
%PXOWLOHYHOLQVSHFWLRQ
&WRWDOVWDWLVWLFDOFRQWURO
'LQSURFHVVLQVSHFWLRQ
(FRQWLQXRXVUHHQJLQHHULQJ
<RXUDXWKRULQGLFDWHVWKDWDOWKRXJKVWDWLVWLFDOLQVSHFWLRQLVDQLPSRUWDQWDSSURDFKWRLPSURYLQJ
TXDOLW\LWLVLQKHUHQWO\
$UHDFWLYH
%HYLO
&SKLORVRSKLFDO
'ZURQJ
(GLIILFXOW
7KHGLIIHUHQFHVEHWZHHQGHVLUHGOHYHOVRISHUIRUPDQFHDQGDFWXDOOHYHOVRISHUIRUPDQFHLV
UHIHUUHGWRDVWKH
$TXDOLW\GLYLGH
%FKDVP
&EUHDFK
'FRQIRUPDQFHGLYLGH
(JDS
7KHFRUHRITXDOLW\PDQDJHPHQWYDULDEOHVFRQWDLQV
$WHDPDSSURDFK
%VWUDWHJLFSODQQLQJ
&OHDGHUVKLS
'LQIRUPDWLRQDQDO\VLV
(HQYLURQPHQWDOFKDUDFWHULVWLFV
:KLFKRIWKHIROORZLQJLVQRWDQH[DPSOHRIDVWUDWHJLFFRQWHQWYDULDEOH"
$4XDOLW\FRVWV
%3ODQQLQJ
&7LPH
'*HQHULFVWUDWHJLHV
(/HDGHUVKLS
6WUDWHJLFSODQBBBBBBBBBBDQVZHUVWKHTXHVWLRQRIZKDWLVWREHFRQWDLQHGLQWKHVWUDWHJLF
SODQ
$RSHUDWLRQ
%VWDQGDUGL]DWLRQ
&SURFHVV
'FRQWHQW
(PHWKRG
6WUDWHJLFSODQQLQJKDVWZRLPSRUWDQWGLPHQVLRQV7KHVHDUH
$VWUDWHJLFDQGURXWLQH
%FRQWHQWDQGSURFHVV
&DQDO\VLVDQGV\QWKHVLV
'SURDFWLYHDQGVWDQGDUGL]HG
(LPSOHPHQWDWLRQDQGFRQWURO
BBBBBBBBBDOORZVFXVWRPHUVDQGFXVWRPHUVWRWLHWKHLUV\VWHPVWRJHWKHUWRHQKDQFHSODQQLQJ
DQGSXUFKDVLQJDQGFRRUGLQDWLRQ
$053
%&30
&(',
'3(57
(&50
7KHWKUHHVSKHUHVRITXDOLW\DUH
$TXDOLW\LQSURGXFWVTXDOLW\LQVHUYLFHVDQGTXDOLW\LQFXVWRPHURULHQWDWLRQ
%LQWHUQDOTXDOLW\H[WHUQDOTXDOLW\DQGTXDOLW\V\VWHPV
&TXDOLW\SODQQLQJDQGPDQDJHPHQWTXDOLW\DVVXUDQFHDQGTXDOLW\FRQWURO
'TXDOLW\LQGHVLJQTXDOLW\LQPDQXIDFWXULQJDQGTXDOLW\LQFXVWRPHUVHUYLFH
(TXDOLW\SODQQLQJDQGPDQDJHPHQWTXDOLW\FRQIRUPDQFHDQGTXDOLW\HGXFDWLRQ
7KHWKUHHVSKHUHVRITXDOLW\DUHTXDOLW\SODQQLQJDQGPDQDJHPHQWTXDOLW\DVVXUDQFHDQG
$TXDOLW\VDWLVIDFWLRQ
%TXDOLW\SHUIRUPDQFH
&TXDOLW\HGXFDWLRQ
'TXDOLW\UHOLDELOLW\
(TXDOLW\FRQWURO
:KLFKRIWKHIROORZLQJLVDGHVFULSWLRQRIWKHFDWHJRUL]LQJVWDJHRIWKHLQWHUQDOHQYLURQPHQWDO
DQDO\VLVSURFHVV"
$'HWHUPLQHZKHUHDORQJWKHILUPVYDOXHFKDLQSRWHQWLDOFRPSHWLWLYHDGYDQWDJHOLHV
%5HFRQFHSWXDOL]HORQJOLVWLQWHUPVRIUHVRXUFHVDQGFDSDELOLWLHVDQGFRPSOHWHGHHSHULQVSHFWLRQ
ZLWKWKHDSSOLFDWLRQRINH\TXHVWLRQV
&*HQHUDWHORQJOLVWVRIVWUHQJWKVDQGZHDNQHVVHVIURPSULPDU\DQGVXSSRUWDFWLYLWLHVRIWKH
ILUPVYDOXHFKDLQ
'/RRNDWHDFKFRPSHWLWLYHO\UHOHYDQWUHVRXUFHVDQGFDSDELOLW\UHODWLYHWRLWVSRWHQWLDODVDFRVW
RUXQLTXHQHVVGULYHU
(&KRRVHWKHDSSURSULDWHJHQHULFVWUDWHJ\IRUWKHILUPFRVWOHDGHUVKLSRUGLIIHUHQWLDWLRQ
7KHPHDQVRIJHQHUDWLQJOLVWVRIVWUHQJWKVDQGZHDNQHVVHVLQWKHLQWHUQDOHQYLURQPHQWDO
DQDO\VLVSURFHVVLVUHIHUUHGWRDV
$LGHQWLI\LQJ
%VFDQQLQJ
&VXUYH\LQJ
'V\QWKHVL]LQJ
(LQYHVWLJDWLQJ
BBBBBBBBBBBLVWKHFDSLWDOWKDWIXHOVRXWVWDQGLQJTXDOLW\UHVXOWV
$3HUVHYHUDQFH
%$WWLWXGH
&3HRSOH
'.QRZOHGJH
(4XDOLW\
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBWKDWDUHXVHGLQPDQ\FRPSDQLHVUHO\RQH[WHUQDOYDOLGDWLRQRITXDOLW\
SURJUDPV
$$JJUHJDWHILOWHUV
%&RORUILOWHU
&6ROHVRXUFHILOWHUV
'3HQXOWLPDWHILOWHUV
('HYHORSPHQWDOILOWHUV
BBBBBBBBBBUHIHUVWRQDUURZLQJGRZQWKHOLVWRIDSSURYHGVXSSOLHUVIRUDVLQJOHFRPSRQHQWWR
MXVWRQHVXSSOLHU
$'XDOVRXUFLQJ
%6LQJOHVRXUFLQJ
&,QGLYLGXDOVRXUFLQJ
'6HSDUDWHVRXUFLQJ
('LVFULPLQDWHVRXUFLQJ
$WHUPXVHGWRFKDUDFWHUL]HWKHUHODWLRQVKLSEHWZHHQVXSSOLHUVDQGFXVWRPHUVZKHQDKLJK
GHJUHHRIOLQNDJHVDQGLQWHUGHSHQGHQFLHVH[LVWLVBBBBBBBBBB
$FXVWRPHUSDUWQHULQJ
%VXSSOLHUSDUWQHULQJ
&VXSSOLHUFXVWRPHUFRGHSHQGHQFH
'VXSSOLHUOLQNLQJ
(YDOXHSDUWQHULQJ
7KHDXGLWLQJSRUWLRQRIDVXSSOLHUGHYHORSPHQWSURJUDPLVUHIHUUHGWRDVD
$VXSSOLHUUHYLHZ
%VXSSOLHUDQDO\VLV
&VXSSOLHUDXGLW
'VXSSOLHUDVVHVVPHQW
(VXSSOLHUFKHFNXS
$V\VWHPWKDWDLGVFXVWRPHUDQGVXSSOLHUFRPPXQLFDWLRQE\OLQNLQJWRJHWKHUVXSSOLHUDQG
FXVWRPHULQIRUPDWLRQV\VWHPVLVUHIHUUHGWRDV
$&RPSXWHUGDWDWUDQVIHU
%&38GDWDLQWHUFKDQJH
&(OHFWURQLFGDWDLQWHUFKDQJH
'(OHFWURQLFDOO\JHQHUDWHGGDWDWUDQVIHU
('DWDLQWHUFKDQJH
:KLFKRIWKHIROORZLQJLVQRWRQHRIWKHSULPDU\DFWLYLWLHVLQWKHYDOXHFKDLQ"
$KXPDQUHVRXUFHPDQDJHPHQW
%RXWERXQGORJLVWLFV
&RSHUDWLRQV
'VHUYLFH
(LQERXQGORJLVWLFV
)URPDTXDOLW\SHUVSHFWLYHDQLQWHUHVWLQJYDULDWLRQRIWKHYDOXHFKDLQLVWKHFRQFHSWRIWKH
$FKDLQRIFXVWRPHUV
%VHTXHQFHRISDWURQV
&VHTXHQFHRIYDOXH
'SURJUHVVLRQRIYDOXH
(VWULQJRIYDOXH
1RQYDOXHFKDLQDFWLYLWLHVW\SLFDOO\KDYHFRVWVEXWQRHIIHFWRQWKHFXVWRPHUDQGDUHUHIHUUHGWR
DVWKH
$EDFNRIILFHDFWLYLWLHV
%PDVNHGRXWSXW
&KLGGHQIDFWRU\
'FRQFHDOHGRXWSXW
(VLOHQWWKURXJKSXW
0DQ\FRPSDQLHVSHUIRUPOHQJWK\LQVSHFWLRQVRIWKHLUVXSSOLHUVWKDWLQYROYHORQJWHUPYLVLWVDQG
HYDOXDWLRQV7KHUHSURJUDPVDUHRIWHQFDOOHG
$VXSSOLHUUHTXLUHPHQWSURJUDPV
%VXSSOLHUDIILUPDWLRQSURJUDPV
&VXSSOLHUFRQILUPDWLRQSURJUDPV
'VXSSOLHUFRPSOLDQFHSURJUDPV
(VXSSOLHUFHUWLILFDWLRQSURJUDPV
7KHVXSSOLHUGHYHORSPHQWSURJUDPGHYHORSHGE\D&KU\VOHU)RUG*HQHUDO0RWRUVVXSSOLHU
UHTXLUHPHQWWDVNIRUFHZDVFDOOHG
$,62
%WDUJHWVIRUH[FHOOHQFH
&4
'46
(FKDPSLRQVKLSVXSSO\LQJ
7KHJRDOVRI46LVWR
$HQKDQFHTXDOLW\V\VWHPVIRUVXSSOLHUVZKLOHHOLPLQDWLQJUHGXQGDQWUHTXLUHPHQWVDQGUHGXFLQJ
FRVWV
%LGHQWLI\DQGSULRULWL]HSUREOHPVWKDWQHHGWREHVROYHG
&LQWHJUDWHILQDQFLDOSODQQLQJDQGFRQWUROV\VWHPVLQWRDVLQJOHDUFKLWHFWXUH
'NHHS$PHULFDQIDPLOLHVVDIHE\UHGXFLQJWKHULVNRILQMXU\RUGHDWKIURPFRQVXPHUSURGXFWV
(ILQGDFRPSDQ\WKDWLVVXSHULRULQDSDUWLFXODUDUHDVWXG\ZKDWLVGRHVDQGJDWKHULGHDVIRU
LPSURYLQJ\RXURZQRSHUDWLRQLQWKDWDUHD
'XULQJWKHBBBBBBBBBBSRUWLRQRIWKH46ZULWWHQVWDQGDUGVWKHVXSSOLHUH[DPLQHVWKH
VWHSVDVVRFLDWHGZLWKFRQWUDFWLQJZLWKLWVRZQVXSSOLHUV
$GHVLJQFRQWURO
%PDQDJHPHQWUHVSRQVLELOLW\
&TXDOLW\V\VWHP
'SXUFKDVLQJ
(FRQWUDFWUHYLHZ
:KLFK%DOGULJHFULWHULDIRFXVHVRQKRZWKHFRPSDQ\HVWDEOLVKHVVWUDWHJLFGLUHFWLRQDQGKRZLW
VHWVLWVWDFWLFDODFWLRQSODQVWRLPSOHPHQWWKHVWUDWHJLFSODQ
$LQIRUPDWLRQDQGDQDO\VLV
%FXVWRPHUDQGPDUNHWIRFXV
&OHDGHUVKLS
'SURFHVVPDQDJHPHQW
(VWUDWHJLFSODQQLQJ
:KLFK%DOGULJHFULWHULDLVXVHGWRHYDOXDWHWKHH[WHQWWRZKLFKWRSPDQDJHPHQWLVSHUVRQDOO\
LQYROYHGLQFUHDWLQJDQGUHLQIRUFLQJJRDOVYDOXHVGLUHFWLRQVDQGFXVWRPHULQYROYHPHQW"
$+XPDQUHVRXUFHIRFXV
%6WUDWHJLFSODQQLQJ
&3URFHVVPDQDJHPHQW
',QIRUPDWLRQDQGDQDO\VLV
(/HDGHUVKLS
:KLFK%DOGULJHFULWHULRQIRFXVHVRQKRZDILUPDVVHVVHVWKHUHODWLYHLPSRUWDQFHRISURGXFWRU
VHUYLFHIXQFWLRQV"
$OHDGHUVKLS
%FXVWRPHUDQGPDUNHWIRFXV
&LQIRUPDWLRQDQGDQDO\VLV
'VWUDWHJLFSODQQLQJ
(SURFHVVPDQDJHPHQW
0*7),1$/(;$0*HWDQ$