Weblogic Interview Questions

Can we start managed server whe n the a dmin se rver is down

You can start a Managed Server even if the Administration Server is not running. In this
case, the Managed Server uses a local copy of its configuration files for its s tarting
configuration and then periodically attempts to connect with the Administration Server.
When it does connect, it synchronizes its configuration state with that of the Administration
Server.
if admin server is down and if we cha nged any setting in ma naged server, will
admin get all those setting after getting up?
When Admin is down, any changes done on the MS Side w ill not get reflected to the admin.
The changes will be ref lected only when the Cluster or the MS are recycled.
How can a thread dump be taken
Thread dump can be taken in no of ways:
a. Thru the cmd java weblogic.Admin. Syntax: java weblogic.Admin -url
t3://AdminHostName:7001 -username weblogic -password weblogic THREAD_DUMP
b. You can even collect THREAD_DUMPS using JMX code using JVMRuntimeMBean
c. Taking ThreadDump Using T3ServicesDef
d. Collecting Thread Dumps Using Jstack utility
e. Simplest option to take Thread Dump is :
Login to AdminConsole >Server > Monitoring > Threads
f. Using WLST:
java weblogic.WLST
connect('[un]', '[pwd]', '[url]')
threadDump()
g. Using kill -3
Is it possible to manage multiple domains through a single we blogic admin
console
No , This is not possible. We need to have a one Admin server running for a Single Domain
How would you chec k the weblogic instance whether the it is starte d or not?
weblogic.Admin class
WebLogic Scripting Tool (WLST)
Or
we can grep for the java process
What are the available logs C reated in Weblogic
Server.log
Domain.log

By Jagadish Manchala- http://jagadesh4java.blogspot.in/

Access.log
Garbage.log
DefaultAuditRecorder.log - The WebLogic Auditing provider records information from a
number of security requests, which are determined internally by the WebLogic Security
Framework. The WebLogic Auditing provider also records the event data associated with
these security requests, and the outcome of the requests.
What is TTL in Weblogic
The Multicast TTL(TTL-Time to Live) setting specifies the number of routers a multicast
message can pass through before the packet can be discarded. To configure the multicast
TTL for a cluster, you should change the Multicast TTL value in the WebLogic Server
administration console. This sets the number of network hops a multicast message makes
before the packet can be discarded.
What is the sile nt mode installation file contains root eleme nt? When do you
require this mode of installation?
The root element in silent.xml is <install>This kind of mode usually required in different
situations like When one huge project is migrated from one physical location to other,
Where the Application specialist must have the similar environment as the Production
Server had. To prepare Development work with similar kind environment we shall install on
First system same as Production Server rest of the developers systems could be installed
with silent mode.
How do you troubleshoot if config.xml file will be deleted
First we look for is there any last good backup of configuration is available on the Admin
machine. If it is not found then alternatively you can find it on remote machines where the
managed servers running.
Best practice is whenever there is a configuration changes made before and after you need
to take a backup. That will help you such situation where you might need old configuration
sometime.
What are the diffe rence between Connection pool and data source?
Connection Pool is physically connects to the Database. where as Data Source is a logical
resource that can be used by developer or any other resource for accessing Connection of
pools. DataSource can be associated with JNDI name that is used for looku p from any other
client.
What happe ns if we delete the log files when the server is running & whe n the
server is not running?
The log file gets deleted when we try to delete it when the server is running . once deleted
the logging will not be done . Once the server is restarted the logging will be started again.
Can we change the name of the log files?

By Jagadish Manchala- http://jagadesh4java.blogspot.in/

We can change the name of the log file in the log4j configuration done for the applications
and for server
What is HTTP tunne ling? How can we configure it on We blogic?
HTTP tunneling provides a way to simulate a stateful socket connection between WebLogic
Server and a Java client when your only option is to use the HTTP protocol. It is generally
used to tunnel through an HTTP port in a security firewall. HTTP is a stateless protocol, but
WebLogic Server provides tunneling functionality to make the connection appear to be a
regular T3Connection.
Steps to configure Http tunneling.
Login into the Admin Console, click on the server on which you want to enable he Http
Tunneling feature
Click on the Protocols tab ? General ? check the Enable Tunneling check box.
Now you can communicate with the JVMs (Server Instances) using protocols other than t3
What is MSI mode?
MSI mode, if enabled, helps in starting the managed server without starting the Admin
server. With this option enabled, managed server looks for the msi-config.xml and creates
an Mbean out of it
What are the diffe rent staging modes?
Stage: The Administration Server first copies the deployment unit source files to the
staging directories of target servers. (The staging directory is named stage by default, and
it resides under the target servers root directory.)
The target servers then deploy using their local copy of the deployment files.
NoStage: The Administration Server does not copy deployment unit files. Instead, all
servers deploy using the same physical copy of the deployment files, which must be directly
accessible by the Administration Server and target servers.
External_Stage: External_stage mode is similar to stage mode, in that target servers
deploy using local copies of the deployment files. However, the Administration Server does
not automatically copy the deployment files to targeted servers in external_stage mode;
instead, you must copy the files to the staging directory of each target server before
deployment. You can perform the copy manually or use automated scripts.
How many types of we blogic installation ?
There are 3 types of weblogic installation.
(a) Grapical Mode (interactive GUI based)
(b) Console Mode (interactive Text Based)
(c) Silent Mode ( Non Interactive method using .xml properties file (- mode =console silent_xml =properties_xml_file).
Can I configure a Shared resource for multiple domains?

By Jagadish Manchala- http://jagadesh4java.blogspot.in/

You cannot share a configured resource or subsystem between domains. For example, if you
create a JDBC connection pool in one domain, you cannot use it with a Managed Server or
cluster in another domain. (Instead, you must create a similar connection pool in the second
domain.)
How does the starting of server in we blogic works. What is the Se quence
There is a startup script startWeblogic.sh under ${DOMAINHOME}. This script calls another
startWebLogic.sh under ${DOMAINHOME}/bin. Under ${DOMAINHOME}/bin, there are also
other configuration scripts setDomainEnv.sh, startManagedWebLogic.sh, etc. Commonly we
will call startWebLogic.sh in DOMAINHOME to start the WLS admin server. Startup then
proceeds with these steps:
1) The DOMAINHOME environment variable is set.
2) The script calls ${DOMAINHOME}/bin/startWebLogic.sh.
3) ${DOMAINHOME}/bin/startWebLogic.sh calls ${DOMAINHOME}/bin/setDomainEnv.sh.
4) setDomainEnv.sh calls ${WL_HOME}/common/bin/commEnv.sh. commEnv.sh sets a
series of common environment variables, none of which are directly related to the particular
domain: for example, WL_HOME, JVM memory options, other JVM parameters, and system
properties. These variables are set for use by any WebLogic Server domains, as well as
system utilities like Node Manager, etc. A particular domain can (and usually does) override
these settings, so setting them here may not actually change the settings for your particular
domain. It probably will impact the settings for Node Manager, however.
5) After commEnv.sh is executed, setDomainEnv.sh w ill set other memory parameters and
variables. In fact, the settings from commEnv.sh are overridden here.
6) After setDomainEnv.sh completes, the system returns to
${DOMAINHOME}/bin/startWebLogic.sh, organizes the parameters, and calls java to start
up the JVM and start WebLogic Server.
If we want to change the default memory parameters, the best location is in
startWebLogic.sh or setDomainEnv. For example, in setDomainEnv.sh, modify the
WLS_MEM_ARGS_32BIT from "-Xms512m -Xmx512m" to "-Xms1024m -Xmx1024m".
By the way, if we want to add some additional options, such as "-verbose:class", to the
JVM, we could execute the following command before WebLogic start:
set JAVA_OPTIONS=" -verbose:class "
Furthermore, startManagedWebLogic.sh is also usually used. Since WLS 10.3, it has
changed to be implemented by calling startWebLogic.sh. There are some options used for
connecting to AdminServer which could be setted in the script, such as WLS_USER and
WLS_PW, which apear in this script only, although you could insert script manually.
Does WebLogic Se rver dynamically use a dditional CPUs added to a ma naged
server on the fly?

By Jagadish Manchala- http://jagadesh4java.blogspot.in/

This comes down to an operating system (OS) issue: if the OS is able to dynamically use
additional CPUs added to a server, then the JVM on that server will also be able to use
them, and if the JVM on the server is able to use them, processes running in that JVM like
WebLogic Server will also be able to use them. If the OS requires a restart (for example) to
use new CPUs, then that same restriction will apply to any processes running on that OS.
Explain We bLogic server.
This is a kind of server that supports various services as well as infrastructure that are
related with JEE applications. WebLogic server is capable of deploying components as well
as applications through WSDL, UDDI and SOAP. This server gets configured as a web server
by making use of HTTP listener for supporting the HTTP. Web servers like that of Apache,
Netscape and Microsoft are utilized. The configuration of a web server allows Web Logic is
capable of providing services to dynamic and static requests that are usually generated by
servlets, HTML and JSP.
What
There

are the capabilities of We bLogic server?

are various capabilities associated with WebLogic server and they are
Changes in dynamic configuration.
Production application redeployment
Rolling upgrades.

Explain the use of HTTP ?

HTTP is the protocol that is made used for the purpose of enabling communication between
the WebLogic server and processes.
Explain the functionality of IIOP ?
IIOP is a kind of protocol helpful in enabling the communication between WebLogic server
and object request broker.
Explain the term clustering?
Clustering is the process of grouping the servers together for accomplishing high percentage
of scalability and availability.
What is the purpose of clustering?
The major goal of performing the process of clustering is to make high scalability as well as
availability of the servers possible. This process also helps in balancing the load in a proper
manner and also accomplishes failover.
How can cluster communication occ ur?
The communication through cluster is made possible by the multicast IP as well as port by
the process of sending periodic messages which are normally called as heartbeat messages.
Differe nce betwee n horizontal and vertical cluster?

By Jagadish Manchala- http://jagadesh4java.blogspot.in/

Horizontal clustering involves running multiple Java application servers that are run on two
or more separate physical machines.
Vertical clustering, however, consists of multiple Java application servers on a single
physical machine.
What is a Node Manage r?
Node manager is a utility or process running on a physical server that enables starting,
stopping, suspending or restarting admin and managed server remotely. It is not associated
with a domain, though can start any server that reside on same physical server. it is
required if we use Admin console to start servers.
There is two types of NM,
1. java-based
2. Script based.
Can a WebLogic Server (WLS) admin serve r running on a 32-bit JDK be configured
with a managed server running on a 64-bit JDK?
This is not a supported Oracle WebLogic Server configuration. This configuration w ill cause
failures of cluster communication between the 32- and 64-bit JVMs.
Oracle WebLogic Server supports only homogeneous domain configurations. It is
recommended to have all WLS instances (admin and managed servers) to be on the same
JDK level and also the same WLS product version.
How can we define in weblogic configuration how many concurrent users are
allowed or can be allowed at a time to a particular application?
If to each user you assign a session, then you can control the max number of sessions in
your webapp weblogic descriptor, for example adding the follow ing constraint :
<session-descriptor> <max-in- memory-sessions>12</max-in- memory-sessions>
</session-descriptor>
It's more effective (if you mean 1 user = 1session) than limit ing the number of requests by
work managers.
Another way, when you can't predict the size of sessions and the number of users, is to
adjust memory overloading parameters and set :
weblogic.management.configuration.WebAppContainerMBean.OverloadProtectionEnabled.
Another way is to define a work manager which will set the limit on number of threads that
can access the application which will generally set the limit on number of users.
how can we tell how may threads are being used in a weblogic at a time?

By Jagadish Manchala- http://jagadesh4java.blogspot.in/

Capacity of threads is managed by WebLogic through work managers. By default, just one
exists : default with unllimited number of threads (!!!). If we need to exactly find the
number of threads being processed by an application ,check the servers/monitoring/Threads
tab.
What is weblogic Singleton serv ice
A singleton service is a service running on a managed server that is available on only o ne
member of a cluster at a time
What is the diffe rence between -Dweblogic a nd setting va lues in weblogic console.
When you use -Dweblogic.XXX option you can ovverride console configuration
How to disable admin port in weblogic without weblogic console?
edit the config.xml in Domain/Config location
find this node and change the value to 'false'
<administration-port-enabled>true</administration-port-enabled>
What Is a We bLogic Serve r Cluster?
A WebLogic Server cluster consists of multiple WebLogic Server server instances running
simultaneously and working together to provide increased scalability and reliability.
What Are Dynamic Cluste rs?
Dynamic clusters consist of server instances that can be dynamically scaled up to meet the
resource needs of your application. A dynamic cluster uses a single server template to
define configuration for a specified number of generated (dynamic) serv er instances.
What Are the Bene fits of Clustering?
Scalability
The capacity of an application deployed on a WebLogic Server cluster can be increased
dynamically to meet demand. You can add server instances to a cluster without interruption
of servicethe application continues to run without impact to clients and end users.
High-Availability
In a WebLogic Server cluster, application processing can continue when a server instance
fails. You "cluster" application components by deploying them on multiple serve r instances
in the clusterso, if a server instance on which a component is running fails, another server
instance on which that component is deployed can continue application processing.
What is a Domain
A domain is an interrelated set of WebLogic Server resources that are managed as a unit. A
domain includes one or more WebLogic Server instances, which can be clustered, nonclustered, or a combination of clustered and non-clustered instances. A domain can include
multiple clusters. A domain also contains the application components deployed in the
domain, and the resources and services required by those application components and the
server instances in the domain

By Jagadish Manchala- http://jagadesh4java.blogspot.in/

What happe ns when we share the multi-cast address with other applications
Sharing the cluster multicast address with other applications forces clustered server
instances to process unnecessary messages, introducing overhead. Sharing a multicast
address may also overload the IP multicast buffer and delay transmission of WebLogic
Server heartbeat messages. Such delays can result in a WebLogic Server instance being
marked as failed, simply because its heartbeat messages were not received in a timely
manner.
What is multicast storm
If server instances in a cluster do not process incoming messages on a timely basis,
increased network traffic, including negative acknow ledgement (NAK) messages and
heartbeat re-transmissions, can result. The repeated transmission of multicast packets on a
network is referred to as a multicast storm
How to Find the We blogic bit version?
Weblogic is coming as a GENERIC distribution. It is a Java program running on top of a VM
so there is no need for Weblogic -64bit or Weblogic -32bit versions.
On the other hand, the JVM running Weblogic must be either 32bit or 64bit depending on
the architecture.
Why we need We blogic Inactive Connection Timeout
A leaked connection is a connection that was not properly returned to the connection pool in
the data source. To automatically recover leaked connections, you can specify a value for
Inactive Connection Timeout on the JDBC Data Source. ( Configuration: Connection Pool
page in the Administration Console.) When you set a value for Inactive Connection Timeout,
WebLogic Server forcibly returns a connection to the data source when there is no activity
on a reserved connection for the number of seconds that you specify. When set to 0 (the
default value), this feature is turned off.
How do I integrate JNI ( Native code ) code into weblogic?'
The LD_LIBRARY_PATH environment variable should be set in the setWLSEnv.sh or the
startWLS.sh scripts
I want to set Prodcution Mode to true in Admin Domain , would this a lso run all
the managed servers in Production Mode ?
All servers in the domain run in production or development mode, it is a domain wid e
setting. Managed servers refer to the admin server to determine their run mode. And yes
you will need to restart all servers in your domain for this to take affect.
What is Weblogic Thread Local Sa fety
WebLogic does not reset user set ThreadLocal variab les when the thread is returned back to
the pool - the user is responsible for managing them. When such threads are reused, its

By Jagadish Manchala- http://jagadesh4java.blogspot.in/

likely they will interfere. You may run into memory leaks since the thread local reference
isn't cleaned up. You can safely reset your thread locals prior to returning the thread back
to the container. The ThreadLocal.remove() call should clean it up (ensure that its done in a
finally block)
What is config.xml
The config.xml file is an XML document that describes the configuration of a WebLogic
Server domain. config.xml consists of a series of XML elements. The Domain element is the
top-level element, and all elements in the Domain descend from the Domain element. The
Domain element includes child elements, such as the Server, Cluster, and Application
elements. These child elements may have children of their own. For example, the Server
element includes the child elements WebServer, SSL and Log.
How does bac kup of the config.xml works
Each time the Administration Server starts successfully, a backup configuration f ile named
config.xml.booted is created in the domain directory. In the unlikely event that the
config.xml f ile should be corrupted during the lifetime of the server instance, it is possible to
revert to this previous configuration.
What happe ns if the admin server fa ils
The failure of an Administration Server for a domain does not affect the operation of
Managed Servers in the domain. If an Administration Server for a domain becomes
unavailable while the server instances it managesclustered or otherwise are up and
running, those Managed Servers continue to run. If the domain contains clustered server
instances, the load balancing and failover capabilities supported by the domain configuration
remain available, even if the Administration Server fails.
How does Dynamic configuration in Weblogic works
WebLogic Server allows you to change the configuration attributes of domain resources
dynamicallywhile server instances are running. In most cases you do not need to restart
the server instance for your changes to take effect. When an attribute is reconfigured, the
new value is immediately reflected in both the current run-time value of the attribute and
the persistent value stored in config.xml.
What is admin Role in we blogic deployment
The Administration Server for the domain manages the deployment process, communicating
with the Managed Servers in the cluster throughout the process. Each Managed Server
downloads components to be deployed, and initiates local deployment tasks . The
deployment state is maintained in the relevant MBeans for the component being deployed.
What is the de ployme nt process in weblogic
in WebLogic Server, applications are deployed in two phases. Before starting, WebLogic
Server determines the availability of the Managed Servers in the cluster.

By Jagadish Manchala- http://jagadesh4java.blogspot.in/

First Phase of Deployment - During the first phase of deployment, application components
are distributed to the target server instances, and the planned deployment is validated to
ensure that the application components can be successfully deployed. During this phase,
user requests to the application being deployed are not allowed.
Failures encountered during the distribution and validation process will result in the
deployment being aborted on all server instanc esincluding those upon w hich the validation
succeeded. Files that have been staged will not be removed; however, container-side
changes performed during the preparation w ill be reverted.
Second Phase of Deployment - After the application components have been distributed to
targets and validated, they are fully deployed on the target server instances, and the
deployed application is made available to clients.
When a failure is encountered during the second phase of deployment, the server starts
with one of the following behaviors:
If a failure occurs while deploying to the target server instances, the server instance will
start in ADMIN state. See "ADMIN State" in Managing Server Startup and Shutdown for
Oracle WebLogic Server.
If cluster member fails to deploy an application, the application that failed to deploy is made
unavailable.
How does the deployment to a cluster work if one of the member is down
Weblogic Deployment are not allowed to a cluster if one of the member is not available. This
used to be in the case of previous versions but in the new vesions a relexed deployment is
happening which will allow the deployment to hold until the server that is not reachable is
available. Once this is available the deployment will go on
What are the options available for configuring Cluster in weblogic
Clusters in weblogic can be configured by using
Configuration Wizard
WebLogic Server Administration Console
WebLogic Server Application Programming Interface (API)
WebLogic Scripting Tool (WLST)
Java Management Extensions (JMX)
How do you diffe rentiate betwee n a server ha ng a nd server crash issue?
When a Server crashes, the JAVA process no longer exists. When the Server is hung, it
stops responding. We can use the weblogic.ADMIN utilty to ping the server. In case of a
hang situation we can take multiple thread dumps and analyze the cause of hang.
What is memory leak?

By Jagadish Manchala- http://jagadesh4java.blogspot.in/

10

Memory leak is when objects are not removed from the heap even when they are not
required
what is the diffe rence between .jar . war and .ear files?
.jar: java archive files intended to hold generic libraries of java classes
,Resources,Auxillary files etc. Used in J2ee for packaging EJBs & client side java
applications.
.war : web archive files intended to contain complete web applications. Spe cially for web
applications made from servlets , jsps supporting classes.
.ear : Enterprise archive files intended to contain complete enterprise applications. Contains
all of the components that make up a particular J2EE application.
What are de ployment desc riptors?
It is a configuration file for web application or EJB application which is to be deployed to
web or EJB container. Deployment descriptors describes the deployment settings of an
application or module or component.
It contains meta data describing the contents and structure of the enterprise beans, and
runtime transaction and security information for EJB container.
It directs a deployment tool to deploy a module or application with specific container options
and describes specific configuration requirements that a deployer must resolve.
What is a shutdownhook?
A shutdown hook is simply an initialized but unstarted thread. When the virtual machine
begins its shutdown sequence it will start all registered shutdown hooks in some unspecified
order and let them run concurrently. When all the hooks have finished it will then run all
uninvoked finalizers if finalization-on-exit has been enabled. Finally, the virtual machine will
halt.
What is maxexecutethread?
Execute thread count, at the heart of WebLogic Server, is a pool of java threads (execute
threads), which do all the work allow ing for the parallel execution of tasks. By default this
pool has 15 threads, but can be changed for performance tuning by setting the
weblogic.system.executeThreadCount in weblogic.properties.
Can a WebLogic Server (WLS) admin serve r running on a 32-bit JDK be configured
with a managed server running on a 64-bit JDK?
This is not a supported Oracle WebLogic Server configuration. This configuration w ill cause
failures of cluster communication between the 32- and 64-bit JVMs.Oracle WebLogic Server
supports only homogeneous domain configurations. It is recommended to have all WLS
instances (admin and managed servers) to be on the same JDK level and also the same
WLS product version.
How do we take a managed server from domain A a nd reassign it to doma in B?

By Jagadish Manchala- http://jagadesh4java.blogspot.in/

11

There isn't an automated way to do it.We need to delete the server from the admin console
of domain A and enter the details of the server into the admin console of do main B. This
requires not only the configuration details of the server (its listen address, port, etc.), but
also the details of any JMS servers targeted to that server, any applications deployed to it,
and anything else connected to that server. So moving a server from one domain to another
is necessarily specific to each particular environment.
What is the diffe rence between gree n threa ds and native threads?
Green threads are the default threads provided by the JDK. Native threads are the threads
that are provided by the native OS:
Native threads can provide several advantages over the default green threads
implementation, depending on your computing situation.
How can I increase the number of Posix reader threads?
Modifying the weblogic.system.percentSocketReader is not having any effect on the number
of Posix reader threads.
In the command line which starts WebLogic for Unix: -Dweblogic.PosixSocketReaders
In the command line which starts WebLogic for Windows: -Dweblogic.NTSocketReaders
NOTE: PosixSocketReaders relates to the number of Posix reader threads.
What is a File Descriptor?
A file descriptor is a handle represented by an unsigned integer used by a process to
identify an open f ile. It is associated with a file object that includes informat ion such as the
mode in which the file was opened, its position type, its initial type, and so on. This
information is called the context of the file.
What are the available deployment tools in weblogic
WLS has several modes to deploy an application:
from the administration console
WLST
weblogic.Deployer tool
wldeploy ant task
weblogic.management.deploy API
by copying the module under applications directory if running in development mode.
What is a deployment unit
A deployment unit refers to a J2EE applic ation (an Enterprise Application or Web
Application) or a standalone J2EE module (an EJB or Resource Adapter) that has been
organized according to the J2EE specification and can be deployed to WebLogic Server.
WebLogic Server also supports deploying Web Services modules, which are not part of the
J2EE specification.

By Jagadish Manchala- http://jagadesh4java.blogspot.in/

12

What are enterprise modules in we blogic

An Enterprise Application consists of one or more of the follow ing J2EE applications or
modules:
Web Applications
Enterprise Java Beans (EJB) modules
Resource Adapter modules
Application libraries
Deployment units that are packaged using the jar utility have a specific file extension
depending on the type:
EJBs are packaged as.jarf iles.
Web Applications are packaged as.warf iles.
Resource Adapters are packaged as.rarf iles.
Enterprise Applications are packaged as.earf iles.
Web Services can be packaged either as.earfiles or as.warfiles.
Most of the deployment units could be deployed either as archive file or in exploded format
except the Resource Adapter modu les which cannot be deployed in exploded format.
Find out the applied patches done in We blogic
To list the applied patch:
cd $BEA_HOME/utils/bsu
./bsu.sh -view -status=applied -prod_dir=$BEA_HOME/wlserver_10.3 >
wls_patch_report.txt
When running under Linux, there appea rs to be multiple JVMs running at once.
This appears to be using excessive amounts of memory a nd C PU time.
This problem is not really a problem -- it is a by-product of the way Linux handles threads.
Any time a system-level thread is created, that thread is assigned another process ID under
Linux. All of the threads share the same address space, and therefore, are not using any
additional memory resources beyond the small overhead of another entry in the process
table. This allows Linux to schedule threads the same way it would schedule multiple
processes, and allows the program (the JVM in this case) to take advantage of multiple
processors if available.
What are the advantages of taking core dump in linux
jmap blocks when creating the heap dump, and with large heaps, this can take a very long
time. In these cases it is often much faster to get a core and then run jmap to extract a
heap dump f rom the core. It is typically best to create the heap dump on the same box
where the core was created to avoid environment differences.
What is mac hine
Machine definitions that identify a particular, physical piece of hardware. A machine
definition is used to associate a computer with the Managed Servers it hosts.
What is a network c hannel in We blogic

By Jagadish Manchala- http://jagadesh4java.blogspot.in/

13

Network channels that define default ports, protocols, and protocol settings that a Managed
Server uses to communicate with clients. After creating a network channel, you can assign
it to any number of Managed Servers and clusters in the domain
What is virtual Hosting
Virtual hosting, which defines a set of host names to which Oracle WebLogic Server
instances (servers) or clusters respond. When you use virtual hosting, you use DNS to
specify one or more host names that map to the IP address of a server or cluster. You also
specify which Web applications are served by each virtual host.
What are security provide rs
Security providers, which are modular components that handle specific aspects of security,
such as authentication and authorization.
What are Resource adapte rs
Resource adapters, which are system libraries specific to Enterprise Information Systems
(EIS) and provide connectivity to an EIS.
What are Persistent Store
Persistent store, which is a physical repository for storing data, such as persist ent JMS
messages. It can be either a JDBC-accessible database or a disk-based file
What are Startup classes
Startup Classes are Java programs that you create to provide custom, system-wide services
for your applications.
What are work Managers
Work Managers, which determine how an application prioritizes the execution of its work
based on rules you def ine and by monitoring actual run-time performance. You can create
Work Mangers for entire Oracle WebLogic Server domains or for specific application
components.
What happe ns when c onfiguration file are deleted
We can configure Weblogic server to make back up copies of the configuration f iles. This
helps in recovery when configuration needs to be reversed or in case configuration files are
corrupted. When the admin server starts up, it saves a JAR file named config-booted.jar
that contains the configuration file, the old ones are saved in the configArchive directory
under the domain directory, in a jar named like config-1.jar.
How does Crede ntials are passed to Weblogic serve r
Credentials to the weblogic server can be passed in multiple ways as
1) pass the credentails on the command line
2) pass them to the weblogic server when it asks on the command prompt
3) Create a boot.properties file and store the user C redentials in an encrypted format

By Jagadish Manchala- http://jagadesh4java.blogspot.in/

14

4) For WLST scripts that contain commands requiring a user name and password, create a
user configuration f ile. This file, which you can create via the
WLST storeUse rConfigcommand
5) For we blogic.Deployer scripts containing commands requiring a user name and
password, you can specify the user configuration file created via the
WLSTstoreUse rConfig command instead of entering your unencrypted credentials.
How can we c hange the Context of the admin console
1. In the left pane of the Console, under Doma in Structure, select the domain name.
2. Select Configuration > Ge nera l, and click Advanced at the bottom of the page.
3. In Console Context Path, enter the context path that you want to use.
How can we c hange the admin console refresh rate
1. In the banner toolbar region at the top of the right pane of the Administration
Console, click Pre fere nces.
2. On the User Preferences page, in the Refresh Inte rval box, enter the frequency in
seconds at which you want the Administration Console to poll t he resource for
monitoring data.
3. Click Save
What is the use of administration Port in a Se rver in we blogic
The administration port accepts only secure, SSL traffic, and all connections via the port
require authentication by a server administrator. Because of these features, enabling the
administration port imposes the follow ing restrictions on your domain:
The Administration Server and all Managed Servers in your domain must be
configured with support for the SSL protocol.
All servers in the domain, including the Administration Server, enable or disable the
administration port at the same time.
How do we communicate with exte rna l compone nts
jCOM -Enabling the jCOM protocol for a server instance is one of several steps needed for
bidirectional access between modules on a WebLogic Server instance and Microsoft ActiveX
components, Visual Basic and C++ objects, and other COM/DCOM environments.
What is a DBPing utility do
The dbping command-line utility tests the connection between a DBMS and your client
machine via a JDBC driver.
What do multiCast utlity does?
The MulticastTest utility helps you debug multicast problems w hen configuring a WebLogic
Cluster. The utility sends out multicast packets and returns information about how
effectively multicast is working on your network.
What does weblogic.deployer utility does

By Jagadish Manchala- http://jagadesh4java.blogspot.in/

15

weblogic.Deployer is a Java-based deployment tool that provides administrators and

developers command-line based deployment operations.
What are the types of deployment methods in Weblogic
weblogic.Deployer - provides a command-line based interface for performing both basic
and advanced deployment tasks. Use weblogic. Deployerw hen you want command-line
access to WebLogic Server deployment functionality, or when you need to perform a
deployment task that is not supported using the Administration Console.
Administration Console - The Administration Console provides a series of Web-based
deployment assistants that guide you through the deployment process. The Administration
Console also provides controls for changing and monitoring the deployment status, and
changing selected deployment descriptor values while the deployment unit is up and
running.
WLST - The WebLogic Scripting Tool (WLST) is a command-line interface that you can use
to automate domain configuration tasks, including application deployment configuration and
deployment
wldeploy is an Ant task version of the weblogic. Deployer utility. You can automate
deployment tasks by placing wldeploy commands in an Antbuild.xml file and running Ant
to execute the commands.
weblogic-maven-plugin is a Maven plug-in for WebLogic Server that you can use to
perform deployment operations similar to those supported by weblogic.De ployer. The
plug-in lets you deploy, redeploy, update, and such, applications built using Maven to
WebLogic Server from within the Maven environment.
weblogic.PlanGene rator is a command-line tools that enables developers to export an
application's configuration for deployment to multiple WebLogic Server environments.
The deployment API allows you to perform deployment tasks programmatically using Java
classes.
The autodeploy domain directory allows you to deploy an application quickly for evaluation
or testing in a development environment.
What is an administration Mode in Pro duction deployment?
Distributing an application copies deployment files to target servers and places the
application in a prepared state. You can then start the application in administration mode,
which restricts access to the application to a configured administration channel so you can
perform final testing without opening the application to external client connections or
disrupting connected clients. You can start an application in administration mode with the adminmode option

By Jagadish Manchala- http://jagadesh4java.blogspot.in/

16

What are the available roles in weblogic

The built-in security roles for "Admin" and "Deployer" users allow you to perform
deployment tasks using the WebLogic Server Administration Console.
The "AppTester" security role allows you to test versions of applications that are deploy ed to
administration mode. When deploying across WebLogic domains,
the "CrossDomainConnector" role allows you to make inter-domain calls from foreign
domains.
Admin , View the server configuration, including the encrypted value of some encrypted
attributes. Modify the entire server configuration Deploy Enterprise Applications and Web
application, EJB, Java EE Connector, and Web Service modules and Start, resume, and stop
servers.
Operator , View the server configuration, except for encrypted attributes and can Start,
resume, and stop servers.
Monitor ,View the server configuration, except for encrypted attributes .This security role
effectively provides read-only access to the WebLogic Server Administration Console, WLST,
and MBean APIs.
What is a Clie nt a pplication arc hive
The Java EE specification enables you to include a client application archive file within an
enterprise application. A Java EE client application module contains the Java classes that
execute in the client JVM (Java Virtual Machine) and deployment descriptors that describe
EJBs (Enterprise JavaBeans) and other WebLogic Server resources used by the client. This
enables both the server-side and client-side components to be distributed as a single unit.
You define client modules in an EAR using the Java EE standard applicationclient.xml deployment descriptor and WebLogic Serverweblogicappclient.xml descriptor.
What is a persistent store
The persistent store provides a built -in, high-performance storage solution for WebLogic
Server subsyste ms and services that require persistence. For example, it can store
persistent JMS messages or temporarily store messages sent using the Store -and-Forward
feature. The persistent store supports persistence to a file-based store or to a JDBCaccessible store in a database.
What is a template in domain template
In the context of the Domain Template Builder, the term template refers to a Java Archive
(JAR) file. A template JAR contains the files and scripts that are needed to create or extend
a WebLogic domain.
What is a domain template?
Domain Template defines the full set of resources within a WebLogic domain, including
infrastructure components, applications, services, security options, and general environment
and operating system options. You can create t his type of template from an existing domain

By Jagadish Manchala- http://jagadesh4java.blogspot.in/

17

by using the Domain Template Builder or the pack command. You can then create a domain
based on the template.
what is an Exte nsion template?
AN extension template defines applications and services that can prov ide additional features
such as applications , JDBC resources , JMS components .This type of template is used for
update an existing Weblogic domain.
What is Manage d se rver template
This defines a subset of resources ( with in a domain ) that are requires to create a
managed server domain on a remote machine. This is created using the Pack command.
What is the use of Pac k Command
This command enables you to create a template archive (JAR file) that contains a snapshot
of either an entire WebLogic domain or a subset of a WebLogic domain. You can use a
template that contains a subset of a domain to create a Managed Server domain directory
hierarchy on a remote machine.
What is WLST ( Weblogic Sc ripting Tool )
WLST is a command-line scripting interface, whic h you can use to interact with and
configure WebLogic Server instances and domains. When WLST is offline, you can create a
WebLogic domain or update an existing WebLogic domain w ithout connecting to a running
WebLogic Serversupporting the same functionality as the Configuration Wizard.
Does weblogic server works as a Web Se rver
In addition to hosting dynamic Java-based distributed applications, WebLogic Server
functions as a Web server that handles high-volume Web sites, serving static files such as
HTML files and image files, as well as servlets and JavaServer Pages (JSP). WebLogic Server
supports the HTTP 1.1 standard.
What is De nial-of-Service attack
A Denial-of-Service attack is a malicious attempt to overload a server with phony requests.
One common type of attack is to send huge amounts of data in an HTTP POST method. You
can set three attributes in Web Logic Server that help prevent this type of attack. These
attributes are set in the Console, under Servers or Virtual Hosts
Can an application be deployed without any deployment descriptors?
Yes an application can be deployed to J2ee complaint server with out any deployment
descriptors by making use of the annotations or the container having reasonable defaults.
The exploded archive can also be deployed with out any deployment descriptors
What is a fast swap deployment

By Jagadish Manchala- http://jagadesh4java.blogspot.in/

18

fast swap deployment allows to deploy changes to the existing applications in a fast
manner. Java EE 5 introduced the ability to redefine a class at run time without dropping its
classloader or abandoning existing instances. This allowed containers to reload altered
classes without disturbing running applications, vastly speeding up iterative development
cycles and improving the overall development and testing experiences.
Two managed MS1, MS2 servers is the re in a c luste r. how ca n you say that load is
there on only one se rver?
Access logs gives you the information which server is being accessed. We can also see the
apache logs in order to find out which server has been accessed.
If two managed servers is the re Same Domain is configure d in both se rvers, but
one serve r is c rashed the n how can you c reate a doma in with the same
configuration?
The domain configuration template creates a template with all the details that are
configured in the domain. The same template is used to re-configure things in other
machine , the template will be created even if one of the node is down. Once the template is
taken the same configuration will be created in the other machine with the node as down.
Application is running and se rver is a lso running but the end user re quests a re not
processed then how can you trouble shoot the problem?
First thing we need to check is to make sure the application is correctly deployed.
Make sure that there are no issues with any components in the application deployed coz a
Data source failure in the application can cause application not to be accessed.
Check the server logs make sure there are no errors in there
Check the access logs file , make sure the requests are coming to the server and also check
the response code ( make sure they are 200 response )
Check the GC logs ,make sure that there is no full GC running continuously. Full GC running
continuously can cause the JVM to pause leading the application not to be acce ssed.
How to find out which version of the ope rating system in stall in Se rver?
We can use "uname -a" command to see the details of the operation system and also we
can get details from /etc/release file to get details of the server
What is a Smart Update in weblogic
Smart Update is a stand-alone java application that is used to upgrade the software
installations quickly and easily with maintenance patches and maintenance packs. This is
used in the previous version of weblogic
What is OPatc h
OPatch is a Java-based utility that runs on all supported operating systems and requires
installation of the Oracle Universal Installer. It is used to apply patches to Oracle software.
This is used to patch not just weblogic but the whole Oracle fusion.

By Jagadish Manchala- http://jagadesh4java.blogspot.in/

19

OPatch offers many of the same features as Smart Update, but it has a different set of
commands and command options.
What is a weblogic version compatibility
The version compatibility says that all weblogic servers in a domain must be the same
versions of Weblogic version runnings. This means that in WebLogic Server 12.1.3, the
Administration Server, Managed Servers, and the WebLogic domain must all be at version
12.1.3.
Can weblogic cluster be configured in a mixed platform
Yes , weblogic cluster can be configured in a mixed platform systems but it can cause
negative impact on load balancing and performance. If you must operate a cluster on a
mixed platform, Oracle strongly recommends that you understand the load balancing and
performance implications.
Can a node manage r run with a differe nt ve rsion of weblogic version
Oracle recommends that the version of Node Manager used in a WebLogic domain should
match the version of the Administration Server.
What is a WebLogic Diagnostics F ramework
The WebLogic Diagnostics Framework (WLDF) is a monitoring and diagnostic framework
that defines and implements a set of services that run within WebLogic Server processes
and participate in the standard server life cycle. Using WLDF, you can create, collect,
analyze, archive, and access diagnostic data generated by a running server and the
applications deployed w ithin its containers. This data provides insight into the run-time
performance of servers and applications and enables you to isolate and diagnose faults
when they occur.
What is a Harvester in WLDF
Harvester is used to Captures metrics from run-time MBeans, including WebLogic Server
MBeans and custom MBeans, which can be archived and later accessed for viewing historical
data
What are Watches and Notifications in WLDF
These Provides the means for monitoring server and application states and sending
notifications based on criteria set in the watches.
What are the types of data sources provided in weblogic
There are 3 types of data sources provided in weblogic . they are
Generic Data SourcesGeneric data sources and their connection pools provide
connection management processes that help keep your system running
efficiently.You can set options in the data source to suit your applications and your
environment.

By Jagadish Manchala- http://jagadesh4java.blogspot.in/

20

GridLink Data SourcesAn event-based data source that adaptively responds to

state changes in an Oracle RAC instance.
Multi data sourcesAn abstraction around a group of generic data sources that
provides load balancing or failover processing.

Does multi-datasource have multi-pool in that

No, Members of a multi data source must be generic data sources; they cannot be multi
data sources
Can JDBC datasource be shared across cluste rs or to othe r develope rs?
Yes , a JDBC module when deployed as a packaged modules using webl ogic.deployer or
admin console can be shared across multiple cluster. JDBC resources deployed in this
manner are called stand-alone modules and can be reconfigured using the WebLogic Server
Administration Console or a JSR-88 compliant tool, but are unavailable through JMX or
WLST.
What are the limitations of a multi-data source
A multi data source can only use generic data sources that are deployed on the same cluster
member (in the same JVM).
What is a Derby database in weblogic
Derby is an all-Java DBMS product included in the WebLogic Server distribution that is
intended solely to support demonstration of WebLogic Server examples
How do stubs work in a WebLogic Se rver cluster?
Clients that connect to a WebLogic Server cluster and look up a clustered o bject obtain a
replica-aware stub for the object. This stub contains the list of available server instances
that host implementations of the object. The stub also contains the load balancing logic for
distributing the load among its host servers.
What happe ns when a failure occ urs and the stub ca nnot connect to a WebLogic
Server instance?
When the failure occurs, the stub removes the failed server instance from its list. If there
are no servers left in its list, the stubb uses DNS again to find a running s erver and obtain a
current list of running instances. Also, the stub periodically refreshes its list of available
server instances in the cluster; this allows the stub to take advantage of new servers as
they are added to the cluster.
How does a se rver kno w whe n anothe r se rver is unava ilable?
WebLogic Server uses two mechanisms to determine if a given server instance is
unavailable.
Each WebLogic Server instance in a cluster uses multicast to broadcast regular heartbeat
messages that advertise its availab ility. By monitoring heartbeat messages, server instances
in a cluster determine when a server instance has failed. The other server instances will
drop a server instance from the cluster, if they do not receive three consecutive heartbeats
from that server instance

By Jagadish Manchala- http://jagadesh4java.blogspot.in/

21

WebLogic Server also monitors socket errors to determine the availability of a server
instance. For example, if server instance A has an open socket to server instance B, and the
socket unexpectedly closes, server A assumes that server B is offl ine.
How are notifications made whe n a server is adde d to a c luste r?
The WebLogic Server cluster broadcasts the availability of a new server instance each time
a new instance joins the cluster. Cluster-aware stubs also periodically update their list of
available server instances.
How do clients learn about ne w We bLogic Se rver insta nces?
Once a client has done a JNDI lookup and begins using an object reference, it finds out
about new server instances only after the cluster-aware stub has updated its list of available
servers.
What is weblogic.Deployer
weblogic.Deployer is a Java-based deployment tool that provides a command-line interface
to the WebLogic Server deployment API. weblogic.Deployer is intended for administrators
and developers who want to perform interactive, command-line based deployment
operations.
What is weblogic.Admin
The weblogic.Admin utility is a command-line interface that you can use to administer,
configure, and monitor WebLogic Server.
What is a weblogic.se rver
The weblogic.Server class is the main class for a WebLogic Server instance. You start a
server instance by invoking weblogic.Server in a Java command. You can invoke the class
directly in a command prompt (shell), indirectly through scripts, or through the Node
Manager.
What are the security Commands available in we blogic
java weblogic.security.utils.AdminAccount For resetting Admin Account Password
java weblogic.security.Encrypt testpwd Encrypting a password
How does servers in a Cluster Communicate
WebLogic Server instances in a cluster communicate with one another using two basic
network technologies:
IP multicast, which server instances use to broadcast availability of services and
heartbeats that indicate continued availability.
IP sockets, which are the conduits for peer-to-peer communication between
clustered server instances.
How does IP Soc ket Communication in Weblogic detect failures
WebLogic Server instances monitor the use of IP sockets between peer server instances as
an immediate method of detecting failures. If a server connects to one of its peers in a
cluster and begins transmitting data over a socket, an unexpected closure of that socket
causes the peer server to be marked as "failed," and its associated services are removed
from the JNDI naming tree.

By Jagadish Manchala- http://jagadesh4java.blogspot.in/

22

Where does IP soc kets are used

IP sockets provide a simple, high-performance mechanism for transferring messages and
data between two applications. Clustered WebLogic Server instances use IP sockets for:
Accessing non-clustered objects deployed to another clustered server instance on a
different machine.
Replicating HTTP session states and stateful session EJB states between a primary
and secondary server instance.
Accessing clustered objects that reside on a remote server instance.
Note: The use of IP sockets in WebLogic Server extends beyond the cluster scenario all
RMI communication takes place using sockets, for example, when a remote Java client
application accesses a remote object.
What are "pinned" se rvices in Webloigc
"pinned" services are services that are active on only one server instance at a time.
How WebLogic Server Detects Failures
WebLogic Server instances in a cluster detect failures of their peer server instances by
monitoring:
Socket connections to a peer server
Regular server heartbeat messages
What does a We blogic heart beat message contains
heartbeat message contains data that uniquely identifies the server that sends the
message. Servers broadcast their heartbeat messages at regular intervals of 10 seconds
How does the heart Beat Messages in we blogic detect Server Failures
All server instances in a cluster use multicast to broadcast regular server heartbeat
messages to other members of the cluster. Each heartbeat message contains data that
uniquely identifies the server that sends the message. Servers broadcast their heartbeat
messages at regular intervals of 10 seconds. In turn, each server in a cluster monitors the
multicast address to ensure that all peer servers' heartbeat messages are being sent
What is Cluster- wide JNDI tree
A cluster-wide JNDI tree is similar to a single server instance JNDI tree, insofar as the tree
contains a list of available services. In addition to storing the names of local services,
however, the cluster-wide JNDI tree stores the services offered by clustered objects (EJBs
and RMI classes) from other server instances in the cluster.
Each WebLogic Server instance in a cluster creates and maintains a local copy of the logical
cluster-wide JNDI tree
How the Session Re plication does happe ns in Weblogic

By Jagadish Manchala- http://jagadesh4java.blogspot.in/

23

1) The proxy plug-in handles failover transparently to the client. If a server fails, the plugin locates the replicated HTTP session state on a secondary server and redirects the client's
request accordingly
What are the types of Session Replication in weblogic
Weblogic uses 2 types of Session replication methods, they are
in- memory replication - Using in- memory replication, WebLogic Server copies a session
state from one server instance to another. The primary server creates a primary session
state on the server to which the client first connects, and a secondary replica on another
WebLogic Server instance in the cluster. The replica is kept up-to-date so that it may be
used if the server that hosts the servlet fails.
JDBC-based persistence -In JDBC-based pe rsistence, WebLogic Server maintains the HTTP
session state of a servlet or JSP using file-based or JDBC-based persistence
Can we c reate a replica-aware stub?
If you are using EJBs then just define the home-is-clusterable" or "stateless-bean-isclusterable" in (weblogic -ejb-jar.xml) clusterable to *TRUE* by default those values are
true..
Is it possible in Weblogic to create readonly JDBC datasource?
The datasource allows you to obtain pooled connection instances, each pooled connection
instance representing a physical connection to a database that remains open during use by
a series of logical connection instances.
So, what you are allowed to do with a pooled connection instance strictly depends on the
database permissions granted to the user used to create the physical connection. In other
words, if you want a read only pool, use a user with restricted rights at the database level
when creating your pool.
How WebLogic Server (10.3.2) initializes its Security Provide r Database at
startup?
The security provider database should be initialized the first time security providers are
used. (That is, before the security realm containing the security providers is set as the
default (active) security realm.) This initialization can be done:
When a WebLogic Server instance boots.
When a call is made to one of the security provider's MBeans.
What
There

is weblogic sever life cycle

are 9 states of server:Shutdown
Starting
Standby
Resuming
Running
Suspending
Shutting down

By Jagadish Manchala- http://jagadesh4java.blogspot.in/

24

 Failed
Unknown
The series of states through which a WebLogic Server instance can transition is called
the server life cycle.
What are Loc ks in weblogic
There are 4 types of loc k available in weblogic
config.lok : This is used for the getting the file lock on the config.xml file.This lock ensures
that the config.xml f ile is being owned by only one process at a time.This also ensures that
the updates to config.xml file are done in a sequential order.
Location : cfgdir/config/config.xml
edit.lok : This was the most important lock that we see.This lock ensures that only one
user is editing the configurations at any point of time. No 2 operations are performed at a
same time
Location : cfgdir/
embeddedLDAP.lok:This file locks access to the embedded ldap server to ensure that only
one person has access to the directory server at any time.
Location /cfgdir/servers/<Server Name>/data/ldap/ldapf iles/
XXXSe rver.lok:This lock indicates that a given server is running.This ensures that the
server is not started or running multiple times.
Location : /cfgdir/servers/<Server Name>/servername.lok
When a webloigc server is stopped, the embeddedLDAP.lok and XXXservername.lok are
deleted automatically.
How can I set de ployment orde r for applications?
WebLogic Server allows you to select the load order for applications. WebLogic Server
deploys server-level resources (first JDBC and then JMS) before deploying applications.
Applications are deployed in this order: connectors, then EJBs, then Web Applications. If the
application is an EAR, the individual components are loaded in the order in which they are
declared in the application.xml deployment descriptor.
Can I re fresh static components of a deployed application without having to
redeploy the entire application?
Yes. You can use weblogic.Deployer to specify a component and target a server, using the
follow ing syntax:
java weblogic.Deployer -adminurl http://admin:7001 -name appname targets server1,server2 -deploy jsps/*.jsp

By Jagadish Manchala- http://jagadesh4java.blogspot.in/

25

How do I turn the auto-deployme nt feature off?

The auto-deployment feature checks the applications folder every three seconds to
determine whether there are any new applications or any changes to existing applications
and then dynamically deploys these changes. The auto-deployment feature is enabled for
servers that run in development mode. To disable auto-deployment feature, use one of the
follow ing methods to place servers in production mode:
* In the Administration Console, click the name of the domain in the left pane, then select
the Production Mode checkbox in the right pane.
* At the command line, include the following argument when starting the domains
Administration Server: -Dweblogic.ProductionModeEnabled=t rue
Production mode is set for all WebLogic Server instances in a given domain.
Can I e nable requests to a JDBC connection pool for a database connection to wait
until a connection is available?
No, there's no way to allow a request to wait for a pool connection, and from the system
point of view there should not be. Each requests that waits for a connection ties up one of
the fixed number of execute threads in the server, which could otherwise be running
another server task. Too many waiting requests could tie up all of the execute threads and
freeze the server.
How many admin consoles possible in a single doma in ?
only one.
What is boot.prope rties file ?
boot.properties is the file used by admin or managed server during startup for username
and password. it exist under your domain/servers/server_name/security folder.
What are muxer threads
These are the Special Threads in Web logic Server to read incoming request from external
entities on the servers. The main usage is to read the incoming request and then pass them
to either execute Thread or work Manager.
Weblogic allocates a percentage of the Thread pool for these pools.The default value is 33%
and not more than 50%.
what is JRCMD
There is a tool called jrc md provided with JRocket jdk which sends commands to the
JRocket jvm. This is a command line tool available in the JRcoket/bin/
What are connection filte rs
Connection Filter is another feature provided by weblogic, which is a network layer security.
These connection filters allow unwanted access to resources. For example these can be used
in blocking a IP address in accessing the admin console of a weblogic

By Jagadish Manchala- http://jagadesh4java.blogspot.in/

26

What is SNMP
The Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) is an application layer protocol that
facilitates the exchange of management information between network devices and it is part
of the Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) protocol suite. SNMP
enables network administrators to manage network performance, solve and find network
problems, and plan for network growth.
What is a light we ight weblogic container
Normally when a web logic servers is started , the server type is wls . This server type
basically starts all types of servers , but when we start the weblogic server with wlx options
the server starts in a light weight mode.
The "wlx" option starts a server instance that excludes the following services, making for a
lighter weight runtime footprint:
Enterprise JavaBeans (EJB)
Java EE Connecter Architecture (JCA)
Java Message Service (JMS)
Just pass the -DserverType=w lx to the startWeblogic.sh Script
How do you Bind an IP address to a we blogic server
There are cases where we need to run a web logic server by binding it to a specific IP
address. This helps in case when we have multiple web logic server instances running on
same machine which has multiple network interfaces.
First, you should bind the address as follows:
java -msXXm - mxXXm -Dweblogic.system.bindAddr=xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx weblogic.Server
How do clean application Cache in We blogic
Application cache is available in the Servers directory that are created when ever we start
the Managed Servers. This directory contains one sub directory for each Oracle Web Logic
Server instance in the doma in. The sub directories contain data that is specific to each
server instance.
In Order to clean the application Cache , we can go to
<Domain Name>/servers/<Server Name>/t mp/_WL_user/
In this location we will see all applications that were deployed to this server. We can delete
the application for which we want to clean the cache.
Before doing that please stop the server, delete the application cache and then restart the
Server again.

By Jagadish Manchala- http://jagadesh4java.blogspot.in/

27

How do we C lean the EJB Cache

For cleaning the EJB Cache just go to /domains/servers/<Server
Name>/cache/EJBCompilerCache. and remove the EJBCompilerCache and restart the
Servers.
The EJB files are again recompiled. This will be helpful when dealing with many EJB based
applications
What is advantage if silent mode insta llation ?
for this sailent mode of installation you need to specify the log file and xml file. The
difference between command and sailent mode is command
-mode=console i.e here step by step are visible but in sailent mode every thing is
configured.
The biggest advantage of silent mode installation is that it is non-interactive and hence your
intervention is not required during installation. All the parameters to be used during
installation are defined in xml file (usually silent.xml)
eg:./filename.bin - mode=silent -silent_xml=silent.xml
What does 'stub' mean in weblogic serve r?
clients that connect to a WLS instances and look like a single clustered object obtain a
replica-aware-stub of the object. The stub contains the list of
all the available server instances of the object .It also has a load balancing logic to
distribute the load across the multiple hosts.
What is multicast Address?
An address that can be used to send the messages to the same host addresses but in
different network addresses.that addresses can be referred
as multicast address.The multicast addresses are in the range 224.0.0.0 to
239.255.255.255.
What is Garbage collection?
Garbage collection (GC) is a form of automatic memory management. The garbage collector
attempts to reclaim garbage, or memory occupied by objects that are no longer in use by
the program.
What are the diffe rent types of WLST modes
There are Two types of connection modes:

By Jagadish Manchala- http://jagadesh4java.blogspot.in/

28

1)Offline Mode:
WLST helps you to create and extend a domain, and create domain templates. In offline
mode, WLST acts as an interface to the Node Manager and you can issue WLST commands
to start and stop Managed Server instances without connecting to the Admin Server.
2)Online Mode:
WLST in online mode acts as a Java Management Extensions (JMX) client that manages the
domains resources by modifying the servers Conf iguration MBeans. Thus, WLST offers you
all the domain management configuration capabilities as the Administration Console.
What are Heap, Core and Thread dumps
A heap dump is a snapshot of memory at a given point in time. It contains information on
the Java objects and classes in memory at the time the snapshot was taken.''
A core dump is the printing or the copying to a more permanent medium (such as a hard
disk ) the contents of random access memory ( RAM ) at one moment in time. One can
think of it as a full-length "snapshot " of RAM. A core dump is taken mainly for the purpose
of debugging a program.
A thread dump is a list of all the Java threads that are currently active in a Java Virtual
Machine (JVM).
How to chec k the We blogic Version
We can use the registery.xml file
Te ll me the e rrors u r getting in the browser like 500? How many e rrors are the re?
Explain?
204 : Server has received the request but there is no information to send back, and the
client should stay in the same document view.
Bad request 400 - The request had bad syntax or was inherently impossible to be satisfied.
Unauthorized 401 - The parameter to this message gives a specification of authorization
schemes which are acceptable.
Forbidden 403 - The request is for something forbidden. Authorization w ill not help.
Not found 404 - The server has not found anything matching the URI given
Internal Error 500 - The server encountered an unexpected condition which prevented it
from fulfilling the request.
What are _WL_internal and _WL_TEMP_APP_DOWNLOADS in se rvers/tmp/
location
_WL_user and _WL_internal are temporary application directories. WebLogic uses them
depending on whether the application is internal or user-based.
.internal ( Hidden file )

By Jagadish Manchala- http://jagadesh4java.blogspot.in/

29

.internal is used during the period of DeploymentServerService for stage directory

initialization of internal applications and deployment in pre Standby mode, as well as
bea_wls_internal.war
.appmergegen_1316532268265_xxx.ear( Hidden file )
.appmergegen_1316532268265
.appmergegen_* (the * being a number that could be followed by an application name) are
working directories of the application compiler
_WL_TEMP_APP_DOWNLOADS maintains a cache of the archived files for distribution to
managed servers, generally in the form of _WL_TEMP_APP_DOWNLOADS/appName
Which is the best installer for installing weblogic
Generic Installer can be used in any platform w ith specifying either 32 or 64 bit JDK and
path.
What are the restrictions on using weblogic.server
Oracle recommends using java weblogic.Server primarily for initial development but not as
a standard mechanism for starting production systems for the follow ing reasons:
java weblogic.Server will not function if you select a product directory outside of the
Oracle Middleware Home directory.
When executing java weblogic.Server, patches will not be recognized by the
WebLogic Server run time.
What is a T3 protocol and what are its uses
T3 protocol is a weblogic implementation for the RMI implementation. We can think of T3
and also T3S as a layer sitting on the top of HTTP to expose/allow JNDI calls by clients.
T3 is the protocol used to transport information between weblogic server and the other
types of java programs. The main use in using this is weblogic keeps track of every JVM
connected to applications deployed in Weblogic.
To carry traffic to the JVM , weblogic created a Single T3 connection. This type of
connections maximized the efficienty by eliminating multiple connections used to
communicate between thus using fewer resources. The protocol used for T3 connection
enhances efficiency and minimized packet size , increasing the speed of the delivery
method.
if a Java client accesses an enterprise bean and a JDBC connection pool on WebLogic
Server, a single network connection is established between the WebLogic Server JVM a nd
the client JVM. The EJB and JDBC services can be written as if they had sole use of a
dedicated network connection because the T3 protocol invisibly multiplexes packets on the
single connection.

By Jagadish Manchala- http://jagadesh4java.blogspot.in/

30

What is a SUSPEND state in weblogic Da taSource

SUSPEND state in when data source is marked as disabled and applications cannot use
connections from the pool. Applications that already have a reserved connection from the
data source when it is suspended will get an exception when trying to use the connection.
WebLogic Server preserves all connections in the data source exactly as they were before
the data source was suspended.
How do we c hange t he Compile r for JSP in weblogic
In the weblogic.xml file, the jsp-descriptor element defines parameter names and values for
servlet JSPs.
Use the compileCommand parameter to specify the Java compiler for compiling the
generated JSP servlets.
Use the precompile parameter to configure WebLogic Server to precompile your JSPs
when WebLogic Server starts up.
How can we e nable/disable a Datasource
To suspend:
java weblogic.Admin -url t3://localhost:<port > -username weblogic -password <password>
SUSPEND_POOL YourDataSourceName
To re-enable:
java weblogic.Admin -url t3://localhost:<port > -username weblogic -password <password>
RESUME_POOL YourDataSourceName
What is the diffe rence between .out and .log file
.out will print all logs related to your java application deployed where as
.log file w ill print all logs related to weblogic server like startup.stop,deployment etc....
.out will have standard shell output where the instance was started and it will have mostly
Notice and above log level will be written on it. .log will have the server logs along with
all sub system logs too.
Java application will write logs on .out only if the app code redirects .logs to standard
output, there are many logging mechanism are available like loc4j which can be used to
write the java application logs to different/ separate files.
Unicast vs Multi cast
Multicast

Unicast

Only option in pre-10.0 versions

of WLS, continues to exist in
Available from WLS 10.0 onwards
version 10+
Uses UDP Multicast

Uses TCP/IP

By Jagadish Manchala- http://jagadesh4java.blogspot.in/

31

Requires additional
configurations to Routers, TTL
when clustering across multiple
subnets.

Requires no additional configuration to account for network

topology.

Requires configuring the

Multicast Listen Address and
Port. May need to specify the
Network Interface to use on
machines w ith multiple NICs.

Simply specify the listen address. Supports using the

Default Channel or a Custom Network Channel for cluster
communication.

Each message delivered to a group leader, which

retransmits the message to other group members (N 1)
Each message delivered directly and any other group leaders (M 1), if they exist. The
to and received directly from the other group leaders then retransmit the message to their
network
group members resulting in up to NxM network messages
for every cluster message. Message delivery to each
cluster member takes between 1 and 3 network hops.
Every server sees every other
server

Group leaders act as a message relay point to retransmit

messages to its group members and other group leaders.

Cluster membership changes

require 3 consecutive missed
heartbeat messages to remove
a member from the cluster list.

Cluster membership changes require only a single missed

heartbeat message to remove a member from the cluster.

By Jagadish Manchala- http://jagadesh4java.blogspot.in/

32

Weblogic 8

In WL 8.x we dont have LOCK & EDIT

Weblogic 9/10

Where as in WL 9/10 Lock and edit is the new feature

In WL 8.x we ahve execute queue's

where as in WL 9&10 we are having workmanagers

In WL 8.x we have connection pools

and data sources

where as in WL 9&10 we have only data sources and

inside data sources we are having connection pools.

In WL 8.x you would need to delete

and deploy the file again

In 9.x there is option to update an application that

is deployed from the admin console. No need to un
install and redeploy

In WL 8.x Side by side deployment is

not possible

where as in WL 9.0 side-by side deployment

is possible

In WL 8.x sever never comes-up if

even one of the deployment fails

where as in WL 9.0 server gets into ADMIN mode

Diagnostic Framework is not there.

Diagnostic Framework" launch with wls10 and above

In Weblogic 8.x, all configuration and

jms details will be present
in the same config.xml

whereas 9.x/10.x it will be partly maintained in

config.xml and a separate xml f iles in
domain/config/jms folders for each jms module.

In WL 8.x we don't have config folder

Where as in WL 9/10 config folder is avilable

Console is an applet and uses JCX JCS

Console is portal and uses JSTL (JSP 2.0)
JPF and Netui page flows
Persistent store is defined Under JMS

Persistent store is defined Under JDBC

No concept of JMS modules and sub

deployments

Jms modules and subdeployments are included.

Queue/topic is configured under

distributed destination

Queue/topic/dd etc are all clubbed in a JMS modules

the difference is that there is a generic license.beafile

In WL 8.x licence.bea file is present to
for each version that you can downloand from oracle .
update the licence
No need to request a custom license.beafile.

By Jagadish Manchala- http://jagadesh4java.blogspot.in/

33

We bserver
1) Whic h hosts websites.
2) Webserver is having web container can
deploy war files.
3)webserver can effectively handle static
contents.

ex: Serverlet,jsps.

Application Se rver
1)Which provides run-time environment to run
J2EE
applications.
2)Application server is having webcontainer as
well as Ejb-container can deploy EAR files.
3)Application server can effectively handle
dynamic content ex: EJB'S

4) Application server is more capable of dynamic

4) Webserver handles the HTTP protocol. When behavior than webserver. We can also configure
the Web server receives an HTTP request, it
application server to work as a webserver. Simply
responds with an HTTP response, such as
application server is a superset of webserver.
sending back an HTML page.
5) Web Server serves static HTML pages or
gifs, jpegs, etc., and can also run code written 5)Application Server supports distributed
in CGI, JSP etc.
transaction and EJB.
6) Web Server only supports Servlets and JSP.
6) An Application Server is used to run business
logic or dynamically generated presentat ion code.
It can either be .NET based or J2EE based

By Jagadish Manchala- http://jagadesh4java.blogspot.in/

34

Development mode
1)Auto deployment enabled

Production mode
1)Auto deployment is disabled.
2) The default JDK for prod uction domain is
JRocket.

2) The default JDK for development domain

is SunHotSopt.(SunJdk)
3) It is used demo certificate for SSL a
warning is displayed.
3) It is used demo certificate for
SSL.

4) Server instances rotate their log files on

startup.
5) Admin server uses an automatically
created boot.properties during startup.
6) The default maximum capacity for JDBC
Date source is 15.
7) The debug flag which used to start the
WebLogic workshop debugger is enabled.

Xa datasource
1) It allows global transaction that my be
multiple resources.

4) Server instances states their log files

when it reaches 5Mb
5) Admin server prompt for username and
password during startup.
6) The default maximum capacity for JDBC
Date source is 25.
7) The debug flag which used to start the
WebLogic workshop debugger is disabled.

Non-Xa Datasource
1) It allows single transaction that my be single
resources.

2) It involves a co-ordinating transaction

2) there is no transaction coordinator, and it is a
manager w ith one or more databases in a single single resource is doing all its transaction work
global transaction.
itself.
3) It comes from the X/Open group specification 3) It comes from Servlet or EJB or plain old
on distributed, global transactions.
JDBC in a Java application talking to a single
database.

By Jagadish Manchala- http://jagadesh4java.blogspot.in/

35

Application or Module

Archive
Extension

Key J2EE Deployment Descriptor

Enterprise Application

.ear

META-INF/application.xml

Enterprise JavaBean
Module

.jar

META-INF/ejb-jar.xml

Web Application

.war

WEB-INF/web.xml

Web Service

.ear or .war

WEB_INF/web-services.xml

Connector Module

.rar

META-INF/ra.xml

Startup or Shutdown Class

n/a

No deployment descriptor (Class file only)

What is the diffe rence in the web.xml a nd weblogic.xml?

An application-specific XML-based deployment descriptor file named web.xml, which lists
your applications J2EE components and their configurations as J2EE modules. Each J2EE
module is a collection of one or more J2EE components of the same container type (Web or
EJB) that are represented by one component deployment descriptor for that type in the
web.xml f ile.
A WebLogic -specific deployment descriptor file named weblogic.xml, w hich defines how
named resources in the web.xml file are mapped to WebLogic Server resources. Examples
of weblogic.xml attributes include HTTP session parameters, HTTP cookie parameters, JSP
parameters, resource references, security role assignments, and container attributes.

By Jagadish Manchala- http://jagadesh4java.blogspot.in/

36

JRocket vs. SUN JDK

SUN JDK

JRocket

Uses Interpreter

Uses JIT Compiler

Interprete r interprets (executes) one line

at a time from the source file. Such as PHP,
Perl, other scripting languages

Compile r transforms one language into

another. For example, C# into IL, Java into
byte code, C++ into binary machine code.
No execution happens at the compilation
stage.

The byte code is read and the translated into

machine language, but these results are not
saved in the memory. So every time even if
the same method is run again and again, the
JVM has to translate the code into machine
language. This means machine code will not
be reusable as it is not saved anywhere in
the memory.
Due to this mechanism the server startup is
fast because it will not save the machine
code in memory

JIT is also used by Sun JDK, but that was in

the earlier versions.

Once a method is run, the byte code is

translated to machine language and this is
saved in the memory. This means if the
method is run again, there is no need for
translation and the machine code is reused.
In this case the server will take a little more
time since the machine code needs to be
saved inside the memory. but we get a
better performance when the application
running since the machine instructions are
already saved in memory and no need to re
compile them again.
Also Uses a Hotspot mechanism by which it
finds methods that are very often used and
optimizes them for better performance.
Many Issues are seen during this phase,
options are available for disabling these.

SUN JDK has many memory spaces like

Eden, Permanent ,Survivor spaces where
objects move between them

JRocket has just Young and Old Spaces. No

Permanent Spaces.

SUN JDK has no such facilities

JRocket has self tuning system , in cases

such as Out Of Memory due to native TLA
due to insufficient TLA which is 2kb in size, it
takes case of such things by auto tuning
these settings if the application needs

During Crash , SUN JDK generates hr_err.pid

Generates dump file which contains the

The JRockit Native memory space is storing

the Java Classes metadata, Threads and
objects such as library files, other JVM and
third party native code objects.

By Jagadish Manchala- http://jagadesh4java.blogspot.in/

37

file

reason for the crash

JRocket has tools to analyze the JVM
performance with low over head.

Work Manager VS Execute Queue

Execute Queue (Earlier Release before WLS 9.0)
Different classes of work were executed in different queues, based on priority and
ordering requirements, and to avoid deadlocks.
Each servlet or RMI request was associated with a dispatch policy that mapped to
an execute que ue.Requests without an explicit dispatch policy use the server-wide
default execute queue.
Execute queues are always global.
Thread count should be set. Customers defined new thread pools and configured
their size to avoid deadlocks and provide differentiated service. It is quite difficult to
determine the exact number of threads needed in production to achieve optimal
throughput and avoid deadlocks.
Work Managers
all Work Managers share a common thread pool and a priority -based queue. The
common thread pool changes its size automatically to maximize throughput.
Work Managers become very lightweight, and customers can create Work Managers
without worrying about the size of the thread pool.
Thread dumps look much cleaner with fewer threads.
Possible to specify different service-level agreements (SLAs) such as Fair Shares or
Response-Time goals for the same servlet invocation depending on the user
associated with the invocation. The requests are still associated with a dispatch
policy but are mapped to a Work Manager instead of to an execute queue.
Work Managers are always application scoped. Even Work Managers defined globally
in the console are application scoped during runtime. This means that each
application gets into own runtime instance that is distinct from others, but all of
them share the same characterist ics like fair-share goals.
Thread count does not need to be set. WebLogic Server is self -tuned, dynamically
adjusting the number of threads to avoid deadlocks and achieve optimal throughput
subject to concurrency constraints. It also meets objectives for differentiated service.
These objectives are stated as fair shares and response-time goals.

By Jagadish Manchala- http://jagadesh4java.blogspot.in/

38

Some More Questions for your refe rences

o if admin server is down and if we changed any setting in managed server, will admin get all
those setting after getting up?
o Can a stuck thread still do reasonable work?
o How do you deal with the corrupted config.xml?
o how do you deal w ith the corrupted configuration like JDBC , JMS files?
o What are the available logs Creat ed in Weblogic?
o What is a TTL in weblogic?
o What are the difference between Connection pool and data source?
o What happens if we delete the log files when the server is running & when the server is not
running?
o Can we change the name of the log files when the process is running?
o What is HTTP tunneling in weblogic?
o How many types of weblogic installation ?
o How do you clean the Cache in Weblogic?
o What are the recommendations for the number of WebLogic Server Instance (JVM) per
CPU?
o Tell about the Weblogic Boot Up sequence?
o Does WebLogic Server dynamically use additional CPUs added to a managed server on the
fly?
o Can a WebLogic Server (WLS) admin server running on a 32-bit JDK be configured with a
managed server running on a 64-bit JDK?
o What is the difference between -Dweblogic and setting values in weblogic console?
o How to disable admin port in weblogic without weblogic console?
o What are Pinned services in Weblogic?
o Why we need Weblogic Inact ive Connection Timeout in Weblogic
o How do I integrate JNI ( Native code ) code into weblogic?
o I want to set Prodcution Mode to true in Admin Domain , would this also run all the
managed servers in Production Mode ?
o What is the deployment process in weblogic?
o How does the deployment to a cluster work if one of the member is dow n
o How do you differentiate between a server hang and server crash issue?
o what is the difference between .jar .war and .ear files?
o What are deployment descriptors?
o What is a shutdownhook?
o What is a File Descriptor?
o What is fast swap in weblogic?
o How do we find the applied patches done in Weblogic
o What are core , thread and heap dump?
o What is a network channel in Weblogic?
o What are Resource adapters?

By Jagadish Manchala- http://jagadesh4java.blogspot.in/

39

o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o

o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o

How does Credentials are passed to Weblogic server?

How do we communicate with external components?
What is cross cluster replication in weblogic?
What is a DBPing and multiCast utility do?
What is the use of Pack Command>\?
Does weblogic server works as a Web Server?
What are the available roles in weblogic?
What is a Client application archive?
What are the types of deployment methods in Weblogic?
What are the types of packaging files for deployment?
Can an application be deployed without any deployment descriptors?
What are the values tuned in web logic?
What are the differences between multicast and unicast clustering?
What are the data source states?
When does a Data Source goes to Suspend State?
What is a Overload state in Weblogic?
What is the sequence of Weblogic Server startup?
How can the cluster members will communicate?
What are the difference b/w web server and proxy server?
Difference between horizontal clustering, vertical clustering and where both are used?
If data source is configured but then after DB server is not running then what is the state of
data source?
What is the difference between heap dump and thread dump?
What kind of problems would you expect to encounter w hen trying to increase a managed
server's maximum heap size to 3 GB? If an application was suffering short periodic freezes,
and no errors were appearing in the logs, can you suggest a possible cause?
If a managed server is crashing with a StackOverflow exception, what could be the cause?
Describe how you might run a WLST script?
What is a Smart Update in weblogic?
What is a weblogic version compatibility?
Can a node manager run w ith a different version of weblogic version?
Can weblogic cluster be configured in a mixed platform ?
What is a Harvester in WLDF?
What are Watches and Notifications in WLDF?
What are the types of data sources provided in weblogic?
Can JDBC datasource be shared across clusters or to other developers?
What is Cluster-wide JNDI tree?
What are the types of Session Replication in weblogic?
When does a Weighted Round Robin algorithm used,Explain a Scenario?
What is the Diff b/w Xa and Non-Xa Datasource ?
What are the Deployable Modules and Deploy ment modes?

By Jagadish Manchala- http://jagadesh4java.blogspot.in/

40