MODUL

BAHASA INGGRIS
KELAS XI SEMESTER II

Disusun oleh :
Arini Jati Fiviatika
XI IPA 3

SMA N 3 UNGGULAN MARTAPURA

TAHUN PELAJARAN 2014/2015

SENTENCE STRUCTURE
Remember the word SVOMPT. It will help you to construct English sentences:
S

Subj
ect
I

verb

object

saw

Robert

He

passed

the exam

manner

place

time

at school

on Monday.

easily.

Questions:
(W)
V
S
(V)
O
M
||
what who when where why which how

1. Yes/No questions:
Inversion: a. verb to be:
b. modal verbs:
c. have got:
Auxiliary: other verbs:

I am late. - Am I late? Yes, you are. / No, you are not.

He can type. - Can he type? Yes, he can. / No, he cant.
I have got a computer. - Have you got a computer? Yes, I have. / No, I havent.
They finished yesterday. Did they finish yesterday?
Yes, they did. / No, they didnt.

2. Wh- questions (using what, who, when, where, why, which, how):
No auxiliary when asking about the subject:
Who made the cake? Rosie made it.
Auxiliary when asking about the object, manner, place or time:
Who did you meet? I met Paul.
Where does he work?
Preposition at the end of the sentence:
Who do you live with? What are you looking at?
3. Alternative questions (choice):

Whats the weather like?

Would you like tea or coffee? Tea, please.

4. Indirect questions:
Who are those people?
What does she want?
Can he help us?

Do you know who those people are? (no inversion: S - V)

I dont know what she wants. (no auxiliary)
I dont know if/whether he can help us. (yes/no questions)

VERB TENSES
1. Present Simple
Forma: 1. Nominal
(+) S + to be (am/is/are) + N /Adj / adv
(-) S + to be + NOT + N / Adj / Adv
(?) To be + S + N / Adj / Adv
Ex:
1.

the earth is round

2.

These buildings are not across my house.

3.

Are you ok?

4.

syamsul is very rich person

2. Verbal

(+) S + V1 s/es + .
(--) S + do/does + NOT + V1 + .
(?) Do/does + S + V1 + ...
Ex:
1.
2.
3.
4.

the sun rises in the east

The children dont go to school everyday.
Water boils at 100.
Why does iron rust?

We need a good technical dictionary in order to understand the article.

Chemistry is a science which deals with substances.

In the lab we dont use these dangerous chemicals.

He doesnt study at our university.
The laboratory is equipped with experimental technology.
Many scientific terms are unknown to non-scientists.

2. Present Continuous
Forma: (+) S + to be (am/is/are) + V1 + ing + .
(-) S + to be + NOT + V1 + ing + .
(?) To be + S + V1 + ing + ...

Ex:
1.

My father is sleeping now

2.

You are not studying English, but you are studying Math.

3.

What are you doing? Are you writing a letter?.

At the moment Tom is analysing the substance.

Mary is studying at Cambridge this year.
Changes in the amount of ice floating in the polar oceans are causing sea levels to rise.
Polarographic methods are being used in the analysis of metals now.
The problem is being intensively studied these days.
According to the programme we are carrying out the experiment next Monday.
I am seeing the director tomorrow at 5 oclock.

3. Present Perfect
Forma : (+) S + Have/has + V3/been + .
(-) S + Have/has + NOT + V3/been + .

FOR/SINCE..

(?) Have/has + S + V3/been + .

The rain has already ruined the tomato crops.

We still havent discovered life on other planets.
I have known him since we met at university.
Many uses of this method have been described in the literature.
The polarographic method has been known for many years.
These views have aroused considerable interest.

4. Present Perfect Continuous

Forma: (+) S + Have/has + been + Ving.
(-) S + Have/has + NOT + been + Ving...

FOR..

(?) Have/has + S + been + Ving.

I have been working in this institute since 2000.

He has been waiting for the results for an hour.
He cant drive. He has been drinking.
The barometer has been rising since yesterday.

5. Simple Past Tense

Forma: 1. Nominal
(+) S + to be (was/were) + N /Adj / adv
(-) S + to be (was/were) + NOT + N / Adj / Adv
(?) To be (was/were) + S + N / Adj / Adv
Ex:
1.
2.
3.

He was a teacher.( He is not a teacher anymore)

They werent in the same class.
Was your father at home yesterday?

2. Verbal
(+) S + V2 + .
(-) S + did + NOT + V1 + .
(?) Did + S + V1 + .
Ex:

1.
2.
3.

6.

Becquerel discovered radioactivity in 1896.

Long ago, people built houses of wood.
It started during those first months when I moved there, after he went abroad.

Past Continuous Tense

Forma: (+) S + was/were + V1 + ing + .

(-) S + was/were + NOT + V1 + ing + .
(?) was/were + S + V1 + ing + .

He was working on his thesis for several months last school term.
During the experiment he was using several beakers, test tubes and funnels.

7.

Fleming was studying influenza when he discovered penicillin.

Past Perfect Tense

Forma: (+) S + Had + V3/been + .

(-) S + Had + NOT + V3/been + .

FOR/SINCE..

(?) Had + S + V3/been +

8.

After she had finished the experiment, she cleaned the entire laboratory.
By the time we got to the laboratory, the experiment had already started.
Everything was just as I had left it in the morning.
He showed me the latest issue of the periodical, which had just come out.

Past Perfect Continuous

Forma: (+) S + Had + been + Ving.

(-) S + Had + NOT + been + Ving...

FOR..

(?) Had + S + been + VING ....

9.

The whole place was deserted but it was obvious that someone had been staying there.
While I had been preparing all the equipment, Jim had escaped.
It was more than a month until I realized what had been happening.

Present Future Tense

Forma: (+) S + Will/shall V1/be + .

(-) S + will/shall + NOT + V1/be +
(?) Will/shall + S + V1/be + .

This container will hold 5 liters of petrol

We will only perform a preliminary analysis.
I will return / I shall return to this possibility later.
I think he wont finish in time.
Shall I prepare the equipment for the experiment now?
This container will be filled with sulphur acid.
All the experiment will be repeated several times.
The conference will be held next week in London.
Future Tense Continuous

Forma: s + will + be + Ving + Complement

He will be leaving in a few days.
You will be hearing from us in any case.
We will be working in the lab whole day tomorrow.
We are going to carry out the experiment again to gain some better results.
Look! The glass is going to fall.
10.

Future Perfect and Continuous

Forma: +) S + Will Have + V3/been + .

(-) S + Will Have + NOT + V3/been + .

By The time..

(?) Will + S + Have + V3/been + .

By the time we get to the classroom the lecture will have started.

Forma: s + will + have + been +V ing + complement

Next year I will have been working at the Institute for fifteen years.
By the time I get there, they will have been waiting for me for two hours.

PASSIVE VOICE
Structure:
subject
(which is not the agent)
The thesis
The thesis

verb to be in appropriate
tense form
is/was/has been/will be etc.
is/was etc. being

3rd form of the

content verb
written
written

When the continuous form is needed, we insert being (-ing form of the verb to be) between the
verb to be and the content verb.
I wrote the thesis. The thesis was written.
I have written the thesis. The thesis has been written.
I will write the thesis. The thesis will be written.
Im writing the thesis. The thesis is being written.

RELATIVE CLAUSES
1/ defining relative clauses
2/ non-defining relative clauses
1/ Defining relative clauses are an essential part of the message of the sentence (they clearly
identify which person or thing we are talking about) and therefore cannot be omitted and are
not separated with commas.
The doctor who treated me told me not to worry.
2/ Non-defining relative clauses bring additional but non-essential information (facts, opinions),
so they are marked with commas and could be easily left out without the main sentence losing
its meaning.
Alexander Fleming, who died in 1955, was a Scottish biologist, pharmacologist and
botanist.
Relative pronouns: who for people, which for things and that for both categories. However who
is preferred for people and in defining clauses that is usually used for objects. We can drop the
relative pronoun if it defines the object of the clause (this applies to defining clauses only).
My friend (who) I visited on Saturday has just called me.
The doctor I spoke to told me not to worry.
In non-defining relative clauses that is not used, so we only use who for people and which
for objects and we do not leave the relative pronoun out of the sentence.
The doctor who treated me was very professional.
Possessive whose is used for people and for things.
.the student whose diploma thesis
the laboratory whose windows.
Relative adverbs: where, when, why describe place, time or reason. Instead of a relative adverb,
we can use a preposition + which.
That was a year when I graduated. / That was a year in which I graduated.
Notice:
Which may also be used in non-defining clauses to refer to the whole of the main sentence (this
corresponds with the Czech relative pronoun co).

He didnt call me, which was disappointing.

Notice:
What cannot be used as a relative pronoun. It is a pronoun that introduces object clauses.
He told me what he did. (what = the thing that, everything that, all that) - object clause
He told me everything (that) he did. - relative clause
ADJECTIVE CLAUSE (KATA SIFAT)
1. Who : Bersifat kata orang {she, he}
2. Whom : Bersifat kata orang {me, you, her, him, than, us, it}
3. Whose : Bersifat kata orang {her, his, my, your, our, their, its}
4. Which : Bersifat kata benda {me, you, her, their, us, it}
Example
Who
I thanked the woman. She helped me
I thanked the woman. Who helped me
Whom
The man was Mr. Jones. I saw him
The man whom was Mr. Jones I raw
the people were very nice. We visited than yesterday
the people were very nice. Whom we visited yesterday
Whose
I apologized the woman. I spelled her coffee
I apologized the woman Whose I spelled coffee
I know the man His bicycle was stolen
I know the man Whose bicycle was stolen
Which
the book was good. I red it
the book which I red was good
the move wasn't very good. We say it last night
the move wasn't very good which we say last night.

EXPRESSION
GIVING AND ASK FOR OPINION
Asking for opinion
1. What do you think for/if...
2. Do you think...
3. What's your opinion about...
4. What your idea about...
Giving for opinion
1. In myopinion abaut...
2. I think...
3. in myview...
4. I assume...
Example
What's your opinion about mrs.Dini?
In myopinion about mrs.Dini is beautiful, she is have high body and in studying she is very
explicit. He student late go to school, she give a punishment which hard.
AGREEMENT AND DISAGREEMENT
Enquiring about (mencari tahu pendapat)
Wouldn't you agree ( that )...?
Wouldn't you say (that)...?
Don't you think (that)...?
Expressing agreement (menyatakan persetujuan)
I agree (with you)
You are right
That' right
I know
Absolutely
Defenetely
Expressing disagreement (menyatakan tidak persetujuan)
I disagree
I don't agree
I am not sure (about that)
I don't know (about that)
I am cann't agree
EXPRESSIONS OF ANGER/BE ANGER
go away:
I have you:
Shouth your mounth:
Example
X: I will go away because I'm anger some you

Y: I'm sorry, I must make you anger

CONDITIONAL TENSE

PROCEDURE
1. Social function of procedure
The purpose of the social function of a procedure is to describe how something is done or made
through a sequence of instructions.
2. Generic Structure of a Procedure

a. Goal: something we want to reach (to do/ to make)

b. Materials: and equipments needed
c. Steps: series of instructions using sequence of orders
3. Significant Grammatical Features
a. Use of simple present tense mostly in the form of imperative/command (positive and negative)
b. Use of the sequence of orders marked by the word: first, then, next, after that, finally, etc.
c. Use of must and must not
Example
Goal : How to make Sweet Coffee
Tools : 1. Cup
2. Spoon
3. under layer
Materials : Sweet coffee
Water warm
Sugar
Steps : 1. Pour coffee and sugar sufficiently into cup
2. Pour water warm into cup with mix well
3. Put cup in up under layer
4. Sweet coffee is really to be served.
Goal : How To Make Fruit Ice
Materials :
Mango
Avocado
Sugar liquid
Milk
Ice Cube
Apple
Strawberries
Grapes
Jackfruit
Steps :
First, Cut the fruit round or dice.
Then, Scratching the flesh of a melon.
Then, Boil sugar with water until cooked for about 30 minutes.
Next, Put in serving glasses that have been cut round pieces or dice.
Then, to taste Pour the sugar liquid, put ice cubes and put milk on ice fruit.
Last, put the decorations on the glass with a piece of strawberry on it.

NARRATIVE
General Characteristic of Narrative
1. Social function of Narrative
To entertain, amuse, and to deal with actual or vicarious experiences in different ways. Narrative
deal with problematic events which lead to a crisis or turning point of some kids which in turn
finds a resolution
2. Narrative Text Type
Narrative text types are in the form of: fable, fairy tales, historical stories, folktale, legends,
mysteries, etc.
3. Generic Structure of Narrative
Orientation : sets the scene and introduces the participants
Complication : a crisis cerise
Resolution : the crisis is resolved for better or for worse
4. Significant Language Feature of Narrative
a) Focus in specific and individualized participants
b) Use of relational processes (action verbs)
c) Use relational processes and mental processes
d) Use of past tense
e) Use of temporal conjunctions and temporal circumstances
f) Use of process (saying verbs) in direct and speech.
Example
1. The Story of Snow White
Once upon a time...In earlier times there lived a, who named Snow White . He lived with
his aunt and uncle because his parents died. One day she heard her uncle and aunt talking about
leaving Snow White in the castle because they wanted to go to America and they did not have
enough money to take Snow White with them. Princess Snow White did not want her uncle and
aunt to do this. So he decided to escape.
The next day he ran away from home when her aunt and uncle were having breakfast, he
fled into the wood. In the wood she felt very tired and hungry. Then she saw this cottage. She
knocked, but no one answered her so she went inside and fell asleep Meanwhile, seven dwarfs
came home from his work. They get into. There, they found Snow White woke up from his sleep.
He saw the dwarfs. The dwarf said: " What is your name ? Snow White said, " My name is Snow
White. " One dwarf said, " If you want, you can stay here with us. ' Snow White tells all about her
story. Then daughter snow and the seven dwarves are now living happily ever after.

2.The Origin of the Surabaya

Once upon a time, there were two animals, Sura and Baya. Sura was the name of a shark
and Baya was a crocodile. They dwelled in an ocean.
Once Sura and Baya were looking for some nourishment. Abruptly, Baya saw a goat.
Yummy, this is my lunch, said Baya.
No way! This is my midday meal. You are greedy said Sura. Then they battled for the
goat. After several hours, they were very exhausted.
Feeling exhausted of battling, they lived in the different places. Sura dwelled in the water
and Baya dwelled in the land. The border was the sandy shore, so they would never battle afresh.
One day, Sura went to the land and looked for some nourishment in the stream. He was
very famished and there was not much nourishment in the sea. Baya was very furious when he
knew that Sura broke the pledge.
They fought afresh. They both hit each other. Sura bit Baya's tail. Baya did the same thing
to Sura. He bit very hard until Sura eventually provided up and A went back to the sea. Baya was
happy.
3.The origin of the city of Banyuwangi
Once upon a time, there was a local ruler named King Sulahkromo thing. Prime Minister
King has named Raden Sidopekso. Prime Minister 's wife has named Sri Tanjung. She is so
beautiful and sweet that the king wanted her to be his wife. One day, the King sent the Prime
Minister for long missions. While the Prime Minister went, the King tried to get Sri Tanjung. But
the king failed.
He was very angry and upset. So, when Sidopekso back, the King told him that his wife
was unfaithful to him. Prime Minister is very angry with his wife. Sri Tanjung said that was not
true. However, Sidopekso said that he would kill her. She took him to the river bank.
Before he killed him and threw him into the river, he said that he will be proven innocent,
Once Sidopekso kill him, he threw his body into the river dirty. River soon became clean and start
spreading the wonderful aroma and very fragrant. Sidopekso said, "... Banyu Wangi... Banyuwangi
". It means ' fragrant water '. Banyuwangi proof of love born of noble and sacred. That's the origin
of the town of Banyuwangi.
4. The to be king poor monkey wants
Once upon a time... Happy monkey dance at gatherings of animals, and they are all very
pleased with his performance that they elected him their king. A Fox, envying him the honor,
discovered a piece of meat lying in a trap, and leading the Monkey to the spot, said that he had
found a shop in the woods, but do not use it, he had been saving for him as treasure trove of his
kingdom, and counseled him to seize it.
Monkey approached carelessly and was caught in a trap, and on his accusing the Fox

deliberately took him into a trap, he replied, "Oh Monkey, and you, with your mind like you, will
be the King of animals?
5. Finding farmers Magic Box
Once upon a time... In the afternoon, there was a poor farmer. He lives with his wife, One
day, he dug his field and found a very large box. He then store them in their homes. One sunny
morning, she dropped apples in the box. Suddenly, the box gets filled with apples. No matter how
many apples were taken out, more apples going on inside the box. One day, forming dropping gold
coins into the box.
Simultaneously, Apple began to disappear and the box full of gold coins. Farmer soon
became rich. After hearing that his son became wealthy, forming a father visiting couples. His
father was not very strong. He could not go out to work again. So the farmer asked his old father
to help him take the gold coins out of the box. His father worked hard, took the gold coins out of
the box. When he was told that he was very tired and wanted to rest, the farmer yelled to him,
Why are you so lazy Why can not you work harder old man said nothing and continued to work
long Suddenly? Man fell into the box, he died.
As well as gold coins began to disappear and the box is filled with the dead. The former
should be pulled out and buried. To do this, farmers have to spend all the money that had been
collected earlier. When he had spent all his money, broke the box. The farmer was ugly as before,
terrible ending.
6. Pinocchio And the wicked witch
Once upon a time... In a large pine forest in the country Italy, lonely. He always dreamed
about having a child. Every day, he went to cut wood for the city people. One day, an idea
illuminated his mind, the idea of crafting a puppet, that he would give the name of Pinocchio. He
made the doll and at night, the puppet come to life! One year of happiness and thriller passed, on
Sunday morning, Gepetto told Pinocchio: it's my birthday soon, my little boy! I hope you do not
forget it! Oh, sure, I'm not! Pinocchio felt awkward.
He did not think about it. Gepettos birthday comes just three days ahead, and he had not
prepared a gift. After a long night of reflecting, Pinocchio finally decided to offer a homemade
chocolate cake to her as a gift. When the sun rose, Pinocchio was ready to go outside to find the
ingredients. The main problem was not even known he was in and the recipe.
So after school, he decided to go ask someone for the ingredients to bake a cake. During
his walk, Pinocchio, the wooden puppet, met shamans city. Hey, little boy, do you need help for
your chocolate cake? Hum You can help me?, Tanya Pinocchio. Sure, I could. Follow me! After
walking a few minutes so, Pinocchio saw big, big, big huge candy house. They entered together
and Pinocchio was caught by a large enclosure. Mouahahaha! I was finally able to catch you! You
are mine, you will work for me! , Said the evil witch.
Pinocchio was terrified. When the guards came and took him out of the cage, he
immediately ran very fast and he managed to escape. At the same time, the evil wizard ,
summoned all his troops with him, ran after him and he pulled out his wand. Evil devil changed
the little wooden puppet into a chocolate cake! When he returned home, he told the whole story to

his father and they went to find a fairy god . After a long journey, they finally found the fairy god
and they had a magic potion for Pinocchio, Pinocchio to treat the poor.
7. Love story of Cinderella
Once upon a time... In the past era, there was a beautiful young girl named Cinderella. He
lived with his mother and two sisters. Mother and sister arrogant and bad tempered. They treated
Cinderella very badly. Step mother made Cinderella do the hardest job in the house, such as
scrubbing the floor, cleaning the pot and pan and preparing food for the family. Second step sister,
on the other hand, does not work on the house. Their mother gave them many handsome dresses to
wear. One day, two half-brothers received an invitation to the ball that the king 's son would give
at the palace.
They were excited about this and spent so much time choosing the dresses they would
wear. Finally, the ball came, and away went the sisters. Cinderella could not help crying after they
left. Why are crying, Cinderella? The voice asked. He looked up and saw her fairy godmother
standing beside her, because I wanted to go to the ball Cinderella. Well godmother said, you've
been such a cheerful, hardworking, uncomplaining girl that I will see that you go to the ball.
Magic, fairy godmother turned a pumpkin into a coach and mice into a smooth two coachman and
footman. Her godmother tapped Cinderella's dress with her wand, and it became a beautiful ball
gown.
Then he gave her a pair of pretty glass slippers. Now, Cinderella, she said, you have to go
before midnight. Then he drove away a wonderful coach. Cinderella had a marvelous time either.
She danced again and again with the king 's son. Suddenly the clock began to strike twelve, she
ran toward the door as fast as he could do. In her hurry, one of her glass slipper behind. A few days
later, the child king declared that he would marry the girl whose feet fitted the glass slipper.
Stepsisters try on shoes, but it was too small for them, no matter how hard they squeezed their toes
into it. In the end, the king's page lets Cinderella try the shoes. He stretched his legs and slipped
the shoes on the page. It fitted perfectly. Finally, he was ushered into a magnificent palace and
height. Young kings were glad to see him again. They marry and live happily ever after. End of
story Cinderela no longer with his mother and brothers sisters.

EXPOSITION
Hortatory
Definition
1. Hortatory exposition is a type of spoken or written text that is intended to explain the listeners or
readers that something should or should not happen or be done.
2. Hortatory exposition text can be found in scientific books, journals, magazines, newspaper articles,
academic speech or lectures, research report etc.
3. Hortatory expositions are popular among science, academic community and educated people.
4. To strengthen the explanation, the speaker or writer needs some arguments as the fundamental
reasons of the given idea. In other words, this kind of text can be called as argumentation.
Purpose:
To persuade the readers that something should or should not be the case or be done.

Generic Structure:
1.
2.
3.

Thesis : Statement or announcement of issue concern

Arguments : Reasons for concern that will lead to recommendation
Recommendation : Statement of what should or should not happen or be done based on the
given arguments

Language features:
1. Using Simple Present Tense
2. Using modals
3. Using action verbs
4. Using thinking verbs
5. Using adverbs
6. Using adjective
7. Using technical terms
8. Using general and abstract noun
9. Using connectives/transition
Then what is the basic difference between analytical and hortatory exposition?
In simple word. Analytical is the answer of How is/will while hortatory is the answer of How should.
Analytical exposition will be best to describe How will student do for his examination? The point is the
important thing to do. But for the question How should student do for his exam? will be good to be
answered with hortatory. It is to convince that the thing should be done.
The examples of Hortatory Exposition:

Internet for students

Nowadays, in modern era, I think internet is very important for students.
As we all know internet has many function for supporting our life. They are, first, it gives us various
information, news, knowledge etc. Students can search anything or something from internet. Take for
example, they search about education, entertainment, knowledge etc that is in the world.
Second, they can add their friends in all countries in the world by internet. Chatting, e-mail, facebook,
twitter, interpals are some examples of internet facility to have many friends. Besides, they can share,
communicate, discuss and so on.
From my arguments above, as student, we should use internet facility well to get knowledge, friends,
information etc.

ANALYTICAL
Social function: To persuade the readers or the listeners that something in the case, to analyze or
to explain.

 Generic Structure:
1. Thesis (usually includes a preview argument. It introduces topics and indicates the writers
position.)
2. Arguments (consists of a point and elaboration sequence. The number of points may vary, but
each must be supported by discussion and evidence).
3. Reiteration (restates the position more forcefully in the light of the arguments presented).
Jenis teks ini di awali dengan
THESIS, yaitu pendapat kalian tentang suatu masalah. Biasanya di awali dengan kalimat I
personally think, In my opinion, I believe, etc. Setelah kalian menuliskan thesis atau pendapat,
kalian harus menuliskan ARGUMENTS, yaitu argumen-argumen atau alasan-alasan yang disertai
dengan fakta dan bukti-bukti yang relevan sehingga pendengar atau pembaca terpengaruh dengan
argumen yang kalian kemukakan. Biasanya dimulai dengan Firstly, Nest, Third, The last, etc.
Untuk mengakhiri teks, kalian harus menuliskan REITERATION, yaitu simpulan dari thesis dan
arguments yang telah kalian bicarakan sebelumnya. Kalian bisa mengungkapkannya melalui
kalimat In my conclusion, To conclude, From the facts above, we can conclude that, etc.
Language features:
Emotive words such as : alarmed, worried.
Words that qualify statements such as: usual probably
Words that link arguments such as: firstly, however, on the other hand, therefore.
Usually present tense
Compound and complex sentences
Example
Before we are going to smoke, it is better to look at the fact. About 50 thousands people die every
year in Britain as direct result of smoking. This is seven times as many as die in road accidents.
Nearly a quarter of smokers die because of diseases caused by smoking.
Ninety percent of lung cancers are caused by smoking. If we smoke five cigarettes a day, we are
six times more likely to die of lung cancer than a non smoker. If we smoke twenty cigarettes a day,
the risk is nineteen greater. Ninety five percent of people who suffer of bronchitis are people who
are smoking. Smokers are two and half times more likely to die of heart disease than non smokers.
Additionally, children of smoker are more likely to develop bronchitis and pneumonia. In one hour
in smoky room, non smoker breathes as much as substance causing cancer as if he had smoked
fifteen cigarettes.
Smoking is really good for tobacco companies because they do make much money from smoking
habit. Smoking however is not good for every body else.
Thesis: This pre-conclusive paragraph states the writers point of view about the topic discussed.
Writer has show himself in clear position of the discussed topic. Paragraph 1 is the thesis of this

analytical exposition text. It states the fact of the very fatal impact of the smoking habit. Clearly
the writer wants to say that smoking is not a good habit.
Arguments: Presenting arguments in analytical exposition text is as important as giving conflict
plot in narrative text. The series of argument will strengthen the thesis stated before. In this
example of analytical exposition text, paragraph 2 and 3 are the detail arguments presented in a
reporting fact to support that smoking is not good even for smokers themselves. Furthermore,
people who do not smoke but they are in smoky area have the bad effect too from the smoking
habit.
Reiteration: This end paragraph actually is restating the thesis. It is something like conclusive
paragraph from the previous arguments. The last paragraph of this example of analytical
exposition points again that smoking is not good for smokers and people around smokers.
However smoking is very good for Cigarette Companies