The Latest Open Source Software and The Latest Development in ICT

E:CHER

E VAE S C A S AYU N

CLASS:4 BESTARI
I/C NUMBER: 990404-12-5412
NAM E: CH ER E VAESC A S AYU N
C

NAME: CHER EVAESCA SAYUN

CLASS: 4 BESTARI (2015)
I/C NUMBER: 99xxxx-12-xxxx
SCHOOL NAME: SMK TANSAU PUTATAN

1.0 Introduction
Meaning of Open Source Software
Open source software is software whose source code is available for modification or enhancement by
anyone. "Source code" is the part of software that most computer users don't ever see; it's the code computer
programmers can manipulate to change how a piece of softwarea "program" or "application"works.
Programmers who have access to a computer program's source code can improve that program by adding
features to it or fixing parts that don't always work correctly.

Meaning of Hardware
Hardware is a general term for the physical artifacts of a technology. It mean the physical devices or
physical components of a computer system, in the form of computer hardware. Hardware of a modern personal
computer are monitor, motherboard, CPU, RAM, expansion cards, power supply, optical disc drive, hard disk
drive, keyboard and mouse.

Meaning of Software
Software is a collection of computer programs and related data that provide the instructions telling a
computer what to do and how to do it. We can also say software refers to one or more computer programs and
data held in the storage of the computer for some purposes. In other words software is a set of programs,
procedures, algorithms and its documentation. Program software performs the function program it implements,
either by directly providing instructions to the computer hardware or by serving as input to another piece of
software. Software is intangible, meaning it "cannot be touched". Software is also sometimes used in a more
narrow sense, meaning application software only.

2.0 The Latest Open Source Operating System (OS)

2.1 Meaning of Open Source Operating System (OS)
An operating system is a set of programs containing instructions that coordinate all the activities among
computer hardware resources. Most operating system perform similar function that includes starting a
computer, provide a user interface, managing program, managing memory and configuring devices. Some
operating system also allows user to control a network and administer security. Open Source Operating System
is any operating system that is free to use and which provides the original code where the source code is
available (under a copyright license) to the public, which enables them to use, modify/enhance the operating
system, and redistribute the modified (or unmodified) form of the operating system. The advance user can
modify the code of the operating system to make it works better for them in starting the computer or a likely
user interface.

2.2 Examples of Open Source Operating System (OS)

1. Android - Android is a mobile operating system (OS) based on the Linux kernel and currently developed by
Google. With a user interface based on direct manipulation, Android is designed primarily for touchscreen
mobile devices such as smartphones and tablet computers, with specialized user interfaces for Android TV,
Android Auto, Android Wear. The OS uses touch inputs that loosely correspond to real-world actions, like
swiping, tapping, pinching, and reverse pinching to manipulate on-screen objects, and a virtual keyboard.
Despite being primarily designed for touchscreen input, it has also been used in game consoles, digital cameras,
regular PCs, and other electronics. As of 2015, Android has the largest installed base of all operating systems.

2. ReactOS - ReactOS is an open-source operating system intended to be binary-compatible with computer

programs and device drivers made for Windows Server 2003. A spin-off of a previous attempt to clone
Windows 95, development started in early 1998, and has continued with the incremental addition of features
already found in Windows.ReactOS is primarily written in C, with some elements, such as ReactOS Explorer,
written in C++. The project has been ported to the ARM and AMD64 processor architectures, and partially
implements Windows API functionality. The latter is assisted by including parts from the Wine compatibility
layer for Unix-like operating systems, but other functionality is implemented by the developers themselves.
Progress has been hampered by a lack of developers with relevant skill-sets. ReactOS has been noted for its
information on undocumented Windows APIs and more generally as a potential open-source drop-in
replacement for Windows. As stated on the official website, "The main goal of the ReactOS project is to
provide an operating system which is binary compatible with Windows such that people accustomed to the
familiar user interface of Windows would find using ReactOS straightforward. The ultimate goal of ReactOS is
to allow you to remove Windows and install ReactOS without the end user noticing the change

3.0 The Latest Open Source Application Software

3.1 Meaning of Open Source Application Software
Open source application software is computer software that is available in source code form for which the
source code and certain other rights normally reserved for copyright holders are provided under a software
license that permits users to study, change, and improve the software. Open source licenses often meet the
requirements of the Open Source Definition. Some open source application software is available within the
public domain. Open source application software is very often developed in a public, collaborative manner.
Open source application software is the most prominent example of open source development and often
compared to user-generated content or open content movements. The term open source application software
originated as part of a marketing campaign for free application software.

3.2 Examples of Open Source Application Software

1. GNOME

GNOME Office empowers you with three "best in class" productivity applications available as GNU Free
Software. The times of wrestling with file formats, compatibility, and 'halfway-there' features is over. The
AbiWord word processor, Gnumeric spreadsheet, and Gnome-DB data access components allow you to get it
done now.
2. NeoOffice

NeoOffice is a fork of the free/open source OpenOffice.org office suite that is ported to Mac OS X. It
implements nearly all of the features of the corresponding OpenOffice.org version, including a word processor,
spreadsheet, presentation program, and graphics program. It is developed by Planamesa Software,

Raspberry Pi 1

Raspberry Pi 2

Raspberry Pi 1 model B+

Raspberry Pi 2 model B

Release date
Introductory

February 2012; 3 years ago

US$25 (model A), US$20 (model A+),

February 2015; 5 months ago

US$35

price

US$35 (RPi 1 model B, B+, RPi 2 model B),

Operating

US$30 (CM)
US$25 (model A), US$20 (model A+),

Same as for Raspberry Pi 1 plus Windows

system

US$35 (RPi 1 model B, B+, RPi 2 model B),

10 and additional variants of Linux such

CPU

US$30 (CM)
700 MHz single-core ARM1176JZF-S

as Ubuntu
900 MHz quad-core ARM Cortex-A7

Memory

(model A, A+, B, B+, CM)

256 MB[2] (model A, A+, B rev 1) 512 MB

1 GB RAM

Storage

(model B rev 2, B+, CM)

SDHC slot (model A and B), MicroSDHC

MicroSDHC slot

slot (model A+ and B+), 4 GB eMMC IC

Graphics
Power

chip (model CM)

Broadcom VideoCore IV
1.5 W (model A), 1.0 W (model A+), 3.5 W

Broadcom VideoCore IV
4.0 W

(model B) or 3.0 W (model B+)

4.0 The Latest Development in ICT

4.1 Hardware

The Raspberry Pi is a series of credit card-sized single-board computers

4.2 Software
Adobe Photoshop Lightroom 5.0

Adobe Photoshop Lightroom 6.0

Adobe Photoshop Lightroom 5.0 was officially

Adobe Photoshop Lightroom 6.0 was officially released

released on June 9, 2013 after having been

on April 21, 2015. The program requires OS X 10.8 or

available in beta format since April 15, 2013. The

later, Windows 7 or Windows 8. It is the first release of

program requires OSX 10.7 or later, Windows 7 or

Lightroom to only support 64-bit operating systems.

Windows 8. Some of the changes include:

New features include:

HDR Merge

Panorama Merge

Performance Improvements / GPU acceleration

Facial Recognition

Advanced video slideshows

Filter Brush

Radial gradient to highlight an elliptical

area

Advanced healing/cloning brush to brush

the spot removal tool over an area

Smart previews to allow one to work with

images that are off-line

The ability to save custom layouts in the

Book module

Support of PNG files

Support of video files in slideshows

Various other updates, including automatic

perspective correction and enhancements to

smart collections
An update to Version 5, 5.4 allows one to sync a
collection to Lightroom Mobile App released for
iPad on April 8, 2014.

5.0 Pervasive Computing

5.1 Meaning of pervasive computing
Ubiquitous computing (ubicomp) is a concept in software engineering and computer science where computing
is made to appear everywhere and anywhere. In contrast to desktop computing, ubiquitous computing can occur
using any device, in any location, and in any format. A user interacts with the computer, which can exist in
many different forms, including laptop computers, tablets and terminals in everyday objects such as a fridge or
a pair of glasses. The underlying technologies to support ubiquitous computing include Internet, advanced
middleware, operating system, mobile code, sensors, microprocessors, new I/O and user interfaces, networks,
mobile protocols, location and positioning and new materials.
Ubiquitous computing touches on a wide range of research topics, including distributed computing, mobile
computing, location computing, mobile networking, context-aware computing, sensor networks, humancomputer interaction, and artificial intelligence.

5.2 Example of pervasive computing

1. Smartphone

A smartphone (or smart phone) is a mobile phone with an advanced mobile operating system.[1][2][3] They
typically combine the features of a cell phone with those of other popular mobile devices, such as personal
digital assistant (PDA), media player and GPS navigation unit. Most smartphones have a touch screen user

interface, can run third-party apps and are camera phones. Most Smartphones produced from 2012 onwards
also have high-speed mobile broadband 4G LTE internet, motion sensors, and mobile payment mechanisms.

2. Smart TV

A smart TV, sometimes referred to as connected TV or hybrid TV, is a television set or set-top box with
integrated Internet and Web 2.0 features, and is an example of technological convergence between computers
and television sets and set-top boxes. Besides the traditional functions of television sets and set-top boxes
provided through traditional broadcasting media, these devices can also provide Internet TV, online interactive
media, over-the-top content, as well as on-demand streaming media, and home networking access.

6.0 Conclusion
Open source can be used by anyone. Users are free to use, change and modify the open software and
distribute it to the world. Pervasive computing will make our life easier. But, we must use it wisely because
using it in a bad way is not good.

Reference
opensource.com/resources/what-open-source
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_computer_hardware
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_software
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_source_software
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Android_%28operating_system%29
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ReactOS
http://www.gnome.org/gnome-office/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NeoOffice
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raspberry_Pi#Hardware
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adobe_Photoshop_Lightroom
https://en.wokipedia.org/wiki/Smatphone
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smar_TV
http://searchnetworking.techtarget.com/definition/pervasive-computing