Question Bank Topic 3

Metals

Name: ___________________________ Class: ____________ Class No: __________

Mark: ___________

Date:______________

Multiple choice questions

Unit 9
9.1: Metals in our lives
9.2: Uses of metals and their properties
9.3: Metals in the Earths crust
(CDC guide: Occurrence of metals in nature and their uses in daily life)

The most abundant metal in the Earths crust is

A iron.
B aluminium.
C mercury.
D copper.

Which of the following metals is used in making jewellery?

A Gold
B Tin
C Aluminium
D Lead

Which of the following metals is used to make overhead power cables?

A Copper
B Iron
C Aluminium
D Zinc

Which of the following combinations concerning the use of metal is correct?

Metal
Use
A Copper
Electrical wires
B Iron
Cooking foil
C Lead
Food cans
D Magnesium Water pipes

Which of the following combinations concerning the use of metal is INCORRECT?

Metal
Use
A Aluminium
Window frames
B Silver
Jewellery
C Magnesium
Railings
D Tungsten
Light bulb filaments

Which of the following objects is least likely to contain titanium?

A Joint replacement part
B Spectacles
C Watch case
D Water tap

Which of the following combinations concerning the use of metal is correct?

Metal
Use
A Lithium
Making dry cells
B Copper
Making fuses in electric plugs
C Titanium
Making light bulb filaments
D Zinc
Making cans for canned foods

Which of the following metals are suitable for making cooking utensils?
(1) Aluminium
(2) Copper
(3) Lead
A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)

Brass, an alloy of copper and zinc, is commonly used for making ornaments because
(1) it has an attractive appearance.
(2) it can resist corrosion.
(3) its melting point is lower than copper.
A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)

10

Titanium is used in making supersonic aircraft bodies. Which of the following are reasons of
using titanium for making aircraft bodies?
(1) It is light but strong.
(2) It is cheap.
(3) It is very corrosion resistant.
A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)

11

Common uses of aluminium include

(1) making window frames.
(2) making soft drink cans.
(3) making electronic components.
A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only

(1), (2) and (3)

12

Which of the following statements concerning iron are correct?

(1) It is the second most abundant metal in the Earths crust.
(2) It can be used to make drain covers.
(3) It is corrosion resistant.
A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)

13

Aluminium is used to make cooking foil because

(1) it is very malleable.
(2) it resists corrosion.
(3) it is a good conductor of heat.
A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)

14

Copper is NOT suitable for making overhead cables because

(1) its density is high.
(2) its price is high.
(3) its electrical conductivity is low.
A (1) only
B (2) only
C (1) and (3) only
D (2) and (3) only

9.4: Occurrence of metals in nature and their extraction methods

(CDC guide: Obtaining metals by heating metal oxides or by heating metal
oxides with carbon & Extraction of metals by electrolysis)

The main ore of iron is

A bauxite.
B carnallite.
C cinnabar.
D haematite.

Which ore contains aluminium?

A Bauxite
B Carnallite
C Haematite
D Galena

Which of the following methods is most suitable for extracting sodium from sodium chloride?
A Heating sodium chloride with carbon
B Heating sodium chloride in air
C Electrolysis of molten sodium chloride
D Electrolysis of sodium chloride solution

Aluminium is commonly extracted by electrolysis of its molten

A carbonate.
B sulphate.
C oxide.
D sulphide.

Which of the following metals can be extracted from its oxide by heating in air?
A Lead
B Mercury
C Zinc
D Iron

Which of the following metal oxides CANNOT be reduced to form metal when heated with
carbon?

A
B
C
D

Copper(II) oxide
Iron(III) oxide
Zinc oxide
Magnesium oxide

Which of the following methods can be used to extract iron from iron(III) oxide?
A Heating iron(III) oxide in air
B Heating iron(III) oxide with carbon at about 600 oC
C Heating iron(III) oxide with carbon at about 1000 oC
D Mixing iron(III) oxide with carbon monoxide at room temperature

Which of the following compounds does NOT undergo a chemical change upon heating?
A Iron(II) sulphide
B Mercury(II) sulphide
C Silver oxide
D Sodium oxide

Carbon is used as a reducing agent in the extraction of iron from its ore because
A carbon is cheap.
B carbon is a non-metal while iron is a metal.
C carbon is a good conductor of electricity.
D pure carbon can be obtained readily.

10

Which of the following groups of metals are extracted by electrolysis?

A K, Mg and Zn
B Na, Ca and Al
C Al, Ca and Fe
D Fe, Ag and Cu

11

A small amount of silver oxide is heated in a boiling tube. Which of the following graphs
represents the correct plot?

Directions: Questions 12 and 13 refer to the following electrolytic cell used to obtain
aluminium metal from aluminium oxide.

12

From which element are the electrodes made?

A Graphite
B Iron
C Sulphur
D Zinc

13

The positive electrodes are replaced frequently because they react with
A aluminium.
B aluminium oxide.
C cryolite.
D oxygen.

14

The diagram shows a method for changing a metal oxide into a metal.

Which oxide below can be changed into a metal by this method?

A Calcium oxide
B Copper(II) oxide
C Magnesium oxide
D Potassium oxide

Directions: Questions 15 and 16 refer to the diagram which shows substances used in a blast
furnace to produce iron.

15

What is substance X?
A Chromium
B Coke
C Calcium oxide
D Sulphur

16

Which of the following substances would react with the iron(III) oxide in the furnace to
produce iron?
A Carbon dioxide
B Carbon monoxide
C Hot air
D Oxygen

17

Which of the following metals can be found free in nature?

(1) Lead
(2) Gold
(3) Silver

(4)
A
B
C
D

Mercury
(2) and (3) only
(1), (2) and (3) only
(1), (2) and (4) only
(1), (3) and (4) only

18

Which of the following metals can be extracted from their oxides by heating with coke?
(1) Calcium
(2) Iron
(3) Lead
A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)

19

Which of the following metal oxides can be reduced when heated with carbon at 600 oC?
(1) Lead(II) oxide
(2) Copper(II) oxide
(3) Zinc oxide
A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)

20

Which of the following statements are correct?

(1) Extraction of metals by electrolysis is more expensive than by reduction with carbon.
(2) When lead(II) sulphide is heated in air, lead(II) oxide and sulphur dioxide will be
obtained.
(3) Carbon monoxide can be used to reduce iron(III) oxide.
A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)

21

In which of the following processes would a metal be produced?

(1) Heating mercury(II) sulphide in air.
(2) Heating magnesite with carbon.
(3) Controlled heating of copper pyrite in air.
A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)

22

In which of the following experiments would a gas be produced?

(1) Reacting iron(III) oxide with carbon monoxide
(2) Heating limestone strongly
(3) Heating lead(II) sulphide in air
A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)

9.5: Discovery of metals and the ease of extraction

(CDC guide: Relation of the discovery of metals with the ease of extraction of
metals and the availability of raw materials)

Three metals, X, Y and Z were discovered in A.D.1807, B.C. 3500 and A.D. 1746 respectively.
The order of increasing ease of extraction is probably
A X, Y, Z.
B X, Z, Y.
C Y, X, Z.
D Y, Z, X.

Ancient people discovered copper, but not aluminium because aluminium

A is very rare.
B is difficult to extract.
C is light.

is found very deep in the Earths crust.

The year of discovery of a metal is closely related to

(1) the ease of extraction from its ore.
(2) the thermal stability of its ore.
(3) its melting point.
A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)

The price of a metal depends mainly on

(1) its abundance in the Earth's crust.
(2) the extraction method used.
(3) the mining cost of its ore.
A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)

Which of the following statements concerning aluminium is / are correct?

(1) Aluminium was used earlier than iron in the history of mankind.
(2) Aluminium is more abundant than iron in the Earths crust.
(3) Aluminium can be extracted by electrolysis of its oxide.
A (1) only
B (2) only
C (1) and (3) only
D (2) and (3) only

9.6: How long will metal resources last?

9.7: Conservation of metal resources
(CDC guide: Limited reserve of metals and their conservations)

Which of the following statements is correct?

A Aluminium is the only metal that is recycled to a large extent.
B The resources of iron will last for about 1000 years.
C Recycling helps reduce the waste disposal problems.
D It is economical to recycle metals because the cost of extraction is higher than the cost of
recycling.

Which of the following materials is frequently used to replace metals for making water pipes?
A Glass
B Plastic
C Wood
D Paper

Which of the following statements concerning the recycling of metals is INCORRECT?

A Recycling of used metals consumes less energy than extracting metals from their ores.
B It is difficult to sort out metals from household waste for recycling.
C All products made by recycled metals have bad quality.
D Recycling is important because resources of metals are limited.

Which of the following are possible ways to conserve metals?

(1) Recycle used metals
(2) Reduce the use of metals
(3) Reuse metal articles
A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)

Which of the following methods will help to conserve aluminium?

(1) Recycle used aluminium foils
(2) Replace aluminium cans with glass bottles
(3) Reuse aluminium articles
A (1) and (2) only

B
C
D

(1) and (3) only

(2) and (3) only
(1), (2) and (3)

Which of the following statements concerning the recycling of metals are correct?
(1) It is a method of conserving metal resources.
(2) It helps to reduce pollution.
(3) It can raise public awareness of conservation.
A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)

Unit 10
10.1: Comparing the reactivity of metals
10.2: How do metals react with oxygen?
10.3: How do metals react with water or steam?
10.4: How do metals react with dilute acids?
(CDC guide: Reactions of metals with oxygen, water and dilute acid)

Which of the following metals burns with a brick-red flame?

A Potassium
B Sodium
C Calcium
D Magnesium

The oxide of a metal is orange when it is hot but yellow when it is cold. The metal is
A potassium.
B zinc.
C calcium.
D lead.

Which of the following metals does NOT give any observable changes upon heating?
A Platinum
B Iron
C Mercury
D Calcium

Sodium should be stored

A in a brown bottle.
B in an air-tight flask.
C in paraffin oil
D in water.

Which of the following metals can burn spontaneously in water to give a purple flame?
A Potassium
B Sodium
C Calcium
D Magnesium

Hydrogen can be prepared by using the following set-up:

Which metal is most suitable for this purpose?

A Potassium
B Calcium
C Magnesium
D Lead

Consider the following experiment:

During the experiment, a gas is liberated. The gas can burn at the end of the delivery tube. X is
probably
A zinc.
B silver.
C lead.
D copper.

Which of the following metals is most suitable for making a container to hold hot water?
A Aluminium
B Copper
C Magnesium
D Silver

Which of the following word equations is correct?

A Sodium + water sodium oxide + hydrogen
B Iron + water iron(II) hydroxide + hydrogen
C Magnesium + steam magnesium oxide + hydrogen
D Lead + steam lead(II) hydroxide + hydrogen

10

Hydrogen can be prepared in the laboratory by reacting dilute sulphuric acid with
A sodium.
B zinc.
C lead.
D copper.

11

Which of the following pairs of chemicals do NOT give hydrogen when reacted?
A Magnesium and dilute sulphuric acid
B Calcium and water
C Iron and steam

Silver and dilute hydrochloric acid

12

Metal X does NOT react with cold water but reacts readily with steam. Metal X is
probably
A calcium.
B copper.
C lead.
D magnesium.

13

Results of some experiments on a metal X are shown below:

X burns when heated in air.
X reacts with water to give a hydroxide.
X cannot be extracted from its oxide by carbon reduction.
X could be
A aluminium.
B iron.
C magnesium.
D potassium.

14

In an experiment, dilute hydrochloric acid was added to a test tube containing several small
pieces of zinc.
Which of the following observations could have been made during this experiment?
A There was no observable change.
B A thick white precipitate formed.
C A colourless gas was produced and the test tube cooled off.
D A colourless gas was produced and the test tube warmed up.

15

Which of the following pairs of substances would NOT react together?

A Calcium and dilute hydrochloric acid
B Calcium carbonate and dilute nitric acid
C Copper and dilute sulphuric acid
D Copper(II) carbonate and dilute hydrochloric acid

16

Barium (Ba) is a Group II element of the periodic table. Its relative atomic mass is greater than
that of calcium. Which of the following statements concerning barium is INCORRECT?
A Barium reacts vigorously with water.
B Barium reacts with water to give barium oxide.
C Barium sinks in water.
D The melting point of barium is lower than that of calcium.

X is an element. It forms a cation X2+ with an electronic arrangement of 2, 8, 8. Which of the

following statements concerning X is correct?
A X gives a purple flame when burned in air.
B X sinks in water.
C X can be extracted from its ore by carbon reduction.
D The reaction between X and dilute sulphuric acid can be used to prepare hydrogen.

17

18

In which of the following cases will a reaction take place?

(1) Adding zinc into cold water
(2) Adding iron into dilute sulphuric acid
(3) Heating copper(II) oxide with carbon
A (1) only
B (2) only
C (1) and (3) only
D (2) and (3) only

19

Which of the following metals would form an oxide with different colours at different
temperatures?
(1) Iron
(2) Lead
(3) Zinc
A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)

20

Which of the following metals do(es) NOT burn on heating?

(1)
(2)
(3)
A
B
C
D

Calcium
Lead
Mercury
(1) only
(2) only
(1) and (3) only
(2) and (3) only

21

Which of the following metals are shiny when freshly cut but rapidly tarnishes in air?
(1) Potassium
(2) Sodium
(3) Zinc
A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)

22

Which of the following statements concerning sodium are correct?

(1) Sodium can be cut by a knife.
(2) Sodium tarnishes rapidly in air.
(3) Sodium burns with a golden yellow flame.
A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)

23

Which of the following metals can react with cold water readily to give hydrogen?
(1) Calcium
(2) Magnesium
(3) Zinc
A (1) only
B (2) only
C (1) and (3) only
D (2) and (3) only

24

Which of the following metals do(es) NOT react with water but react(s) with steam?
(1) Iron
(2) Lead
(3) Mercury
A (1) only
B (2) only
C (1) and (3) only
D (2) and (3) only

25

A piece of magnesium ribbon is placed in a test tube containing dilute hydrochloric acid.
Which of the following statements are correct?
(1) Magnesium dissolves to give a colourless solution.
(2) A pop sound results when a glowing splint is placed near to the mouth of the test tube.
(3) The resulting solution is magnesium chloride solution.
A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)

26

Which of the following actions is dangerous and should NOT be attempted in the school
laboratory?
(1) Adding sodium to dilute sulphuric acid
(2) Disposing a piece of potassium to a rubbish bin
(3) Heating calcium in steam
A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)

27

Which of the following pairs of substances can react with each other?
(1) Aluminium and steam
(2) Magnesium and dilute sulphuric acid
(3) Lead and hot water
A (1) and (2) only

B
C
D

28

(1) and (3) only

(2) and (3) only
(1), (2) and (3)

Cold and dilute sulphuric acid has NO observable reaction with

(1) calcium.
(2) lead.
(3) copper.
A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)

29

When a small piece of sodium is put into a trough of water, a reaction occurs. Which of the
following statements concerning this reaction is / are correct?
(1) An explosion occurs.
(2) Heat is given out.
(3) An alkaline solution is formed.
A (1) only
B (2) only
C (1) and (3) only
D (2) and (3) only

30

31

In which of the following experiments would hydrogen be produced?

(1) Electrolysis of sea water
(2) Passing steam over magnesium
(3) Adding iron to dilute hydrochloric acid
A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)

A counterfeit gold coin is made from an alloy of copper and zinc. Which of the following
methods can be used to distinguish the counterfeit coin from a gold coin?

(1)
(2)
(3)
A
B
C
D

Comparing their densities

Treating both coins with dilute hydrochloric acid
Comparing their electrical conductivity
(1) and (2) only
(1) and (3) only
(2) and (3) only
(1), (2) and (3)

10.5: The reactivity series

10.8: What determines the reactivity of a metal?
(CDC guide: Metal reactivity series and the tendency of metal to form positive
ion)

Which of the following shows the correct descending order of reactivity of metals?
A Fe, Zn, Ag, Cu
B Al, Fe, Cu, Au
C K, Na, Al, Ca
D Mg, Al, Pb, Zn

Potassium is more reactive than calcium because

A potassium loses electrons more readily than calcium does.
B potassium has a lower melting point than calcium.
C potassium has a lower density than calcium.
D calcium ions are more stable than potassium ions.

Which of the following combinations is correct?

The ease of losing electrons of metals
The reactivity of metals
A
Increases across a period
Decreases down a group
B
Decreases across a period
Increases down a group
C
Increases across a period
Increases down a group
D
Decreases across a period
Decreases down a group

Which of the following statements are correct?

(1) Metals react by losing electrons.
(2) Metals react by forming cations.
(3) The more reactive the metal is, the more readily it loses electrons.
A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)

Which of the following properties are related to the metal reactivity series?
(1) The ease of extraction of a metal
(2) The method of storing a metal
(3) The stability of the compounds of a metal
A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)

Rubidium is a Group I element below potassium in the periodic table. Which of the following
statements concerning rubidium are correct?
(1) Rubidium loses electrons more readily than potassium does.
(2) Rubidium reacts with water to give rubidium hydroxide and hydrogen.
(3) Rubidium can be extracted from its oxide by reduction with carbon.
A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)

10.6: What is a chemical equation?

10.7: How to write balanced chemical equations?
10:10: Ionic equations
(CDC guide: Chemical equations and ionic equations)

Which of the following combinations of state symbols is correct for this reaction?
2Na + 2H2O 2NaOH + H2
A (s), (l), (aq), (g)
B (s), (aq), (s), (g)
C (l), (aq), (s), (l)
D (l), (l), (aq), (l)

In limestone areas, calcium carbonate in the rock reacts with rainwater containing dissolved
carbon dioxide as shown by the following equation:
CaCO3(x) + CO2(g) + H2O(y) Ca(HCO3)2(z)
Which of the following combinations is correct?
x
y
z
A aq l
s
B aq aq s
C s
aq aq
D s
l
aq

Solid sodium hydrogencarbonate decomposes upon heating according to the following

equation:
heat
2NaHCO3(s) Na2CO3(x) + CO2(y) + H2O(z)
Which of the following combinations is correct?
x
y
z
A aq g
aq
B aq aq l
C s
g
l
D s
aq aq

Iron can be produced from iron(III) oxide by the following reaction:

heat
Fe2O3(x) + 3CO(y) 2Fe(s) + 3CO2(z)
Which of the following combinations is correct?
x
y
z
A s
aq aq
B s
g
g

C
D

aq
aq

aq
g

aq
g

Consider the following reaction:

CaCO3(x) + 2HCl(y) CaCl2(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(z)
Which of the following combinations is correct?
x
y
z
A aq l
aq
B aq aq l
C s
aq l
D s
l
aq

Consider the following chemical equation:

2HNO3(aq) + Na2CO3(x) 2NaNO3(y) + H2O(z) + CO2(g)
Which of the following combinations is correct?
x
y
z
A aq s
l
B aq aq aq
C s
aq l
D s
s
aq

Consider the following chemical equation:

heat
4Fe(OH)2(x) + O2(g) 2Fe2O3(y) + 4H2O(z)
Which of the following combinations is correct?
x
y
z
A s
s
l
B s
aq aq
C aq s
aq
D aq aq l

The reaction between magnesium hydrogencarbonate solution and zinc sulphate solution can
be represented by the following equation:
Mg(HCO3)2(aq) + ZnSO4(aq) MgSO4(x) + ZnCO3(y) + H2O(z) + CO2(g)

Which of the following combinations is correct?

x
y
z
A aq s
aq
B s
aq aq
C aq s
l
D s
aq l

Consider the following chemical equation:

Na2S2O3(aq) + 2HCl(aq) 2NaCl(x) + SO2(aq) + H2O(y) + S(z)
Which of the following combinations is correct?
x
y
z
A l
aq s
B l
aq aq
C aq l
aq
D aq l
s

10

When sodium hypochlorite solution is exposed to sunlight, it decomposes according to the

following equation:
xNaOCl(aq) yNaCl(aq) + zO2(g)
Which of the following combinations is correct?
x
y
z
A 2
1
1
B 2
2
1
C 1
2
1
D 2
1
2

11

The reaction between hydrogen iodide and concentrated sulphuric acid can be represented by
the following equation:
xHI(aq) + H2SO4(l) H2S(g) + yH2O(l) + zI2(aq)
What is the value of x?
A 4
B 6
C 8
D 10

12

One way to dissolve gold (Au) is to react it with Aqua-regia, a mixture of concentrated nitric
acid and concentrated hydrochloric acid. The equation for the reaction is:
Au(s) + xHNO3(aq) + yHCl(aq) HAuCl4(aq) + zH2O(l) + zNO2(g)
What is the value of z?
A 2
B 3
C 4
D 5

13

The following equation represents the reaction between an oxide of lead and hydrogen:
heat
Pb3O4(s) + xH2(g) yPb(s) + zH2O(l)
Which of the following combinations is correct?
x
y
z
A 2
3
2
B 4
2
3
C 4
3
4
D 2
4
3

14

Magnesium nitride is decomposed by water according to the following equation:

Mg3N2(s) + xH2O(l) yMg(OH)2(s) + zNH3(g)
Which of the following combinations is correct?
x
y
z
A 6
3
2
B 6
2
3
C 3
6
2
D 3
2
6

15

Consider the following chemical equation:

xH2S(g) + 2KMnO4(aq) + yH2SO4(aq) xS(s) + zH2O(l) + 2MnSO4(aq) + K2SO4(aq)
Which of the following combinations is correct?
x
y
z
A 8
5
3
B 8
3
5

C
D

5
5

3
8

8
3

16

Consider the following chemical equation:

2HNO3(aq) + xFeSO4(aq) + yH2SO4(aq) zFe2(SO4)3(aq) + 4H2O(l) + 2NO(g)
Which of the following combinations is correct?
x
y
z
A 2
1
1
B 4
3
2
C 6
2
3
D 6
3
3

17

The action of dilute nitric acid on copper can be represented by the following equation:
xCu(s) + yHNO3(aq) xCu(NO3)2(aq) + 4H2O(l) + zNO(g)
The values of x, y and z in the balanced equation should be
A 3, 4 and 1.
B 3, 8 and 2.
C 4, 3 and 2.
D 8, 3 and 2.

18

The action of dilute sulphuric acid on iron(III) hydroxide can be represented by the following
equation:
wFe(OH)3(s) + xH2SO4(aq) yFe2(SO4)3(aq) + zH2O(l)
The values of w, x, y and z in the balanced equation should be
A 1, 3, 1 and 2.
B 2, 3, 2 and 6.
C 2, 3, 1 and 6.
D 2, 6, 1 and 3.

19

Consider the following ionic equation:

Cu(s) + 4H+(x) + 2NO3-(aq) Cu2+(y) + 2NO2(z) + 2H2O(l)
Which of the following combinations is correct?
x
y
z
A l
aq aq

B
C
D

l
aq
aq

l
aq
aq

g
l
g

20

The reaction between zinc nitrate solution and sodium hydrogencarbonate solution can be
represented by the ionic equation below:
Zn2+(aq) + 2HCO3-(aq) ZnCO3(x) + H2O(y) + CO2(z)
Which of the following combinations is correct?
x
y
z
A aq l
g
B aq aq aq
C s
aq g
D s
l
g

21

Consider the following ionic equation:

2MnO4-(aq) + xH+(aq) + 2yI- (aq) 2Mn2+(aq) + yI2(aq) + zH2O(l)
Which of the following combinations is correct?
x
y
z
A 4
1
2
B 4
3
2
C 8
3
4
D 16 5
8

22

Which of the following equations CANNOT be rewritten into an ionic equation?

(1) Zn(s) + 2HCl(aq) ZnCl2(aq) + H2(g)
heat
(2) 2Pb(NO3)2(s) 2PbO(s) + 4NO2(g) + O2(g)
(3) Ca(OH)2(aq) + CO2(g) CaCO3(s) + H2O(l)
A (1) only
B (2) only
C (1) and (3) only
D (2) and (3) only

23

The following equation is related to the manufacture of ammonia:

N2(g) + 3H2(g) 2NH3(g)

Which of the following statements can be deduced from the above equation?
(1) The reaction is reversible.
(2) The forward reaction and backward reaction occur simultaneously.
(3) A catalyst should be used.
A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)

10.9: Displacement reactions

(CDC guide: Displacement reactions and their interpretations based on reactivity
series)

Which of the following ions can be displaced by lead?

A Fe2+(aq)
B Cu2+(aq)
C Mg2+(aq)
D Al3+(aq)

In which of the following cases will a reaction take place?

A Cu(s) + Zn2+(aq)
B Ag(s) + Fe2+(aq)
C Al(s) + Cu2+(aq)
D Pb(s) + Mg2+(aq)

Which of the following metals will displace aluminium from aluminium sulphate solution?
A Zinc
B Iron
C Magnesium
D Lead

Silver nitrate solution can be stored in metal containers made of

A aluminium.
B zinc.
C copper.
D gold.

When a piece of lead is dropped into an aqueous solution of compound X, the lead gradually
dissolves. X could be
A copper(II) nitrate.
B zinc nitrate.
C magnesium sulphate.
D ammonium chloride.

Tin is in between iron and lead in the reactivity series. Which of the following can be deduced
from this information?
A Tin reacts with steam vigorously to give an oxide.
B Tin displaces iron from iron(II) nitrate solution.
C Tin reacts with oxygen more readily than lead does.
D A tin ion carries 2 positive charges.

A copper wire is put into silver nitrate solution in a test tube. What will be observed after a
few minutes?
Colour change of solution
Copper
A
Blue to pale blue
Brown solids formed on copper surface
B
Blue to pale blue
Grey solids formed on copper surface
C
Remains unchanged
Shiny solids formed on top of the solution
D
Colourless to blue
Grey solids formed on copper surface

Which of the following will NOT react with each other?

A Zinc and steam
B Iron and dilute sulphuric acid
C Silver and copper(II) sulphate solution
D Lead and oxygen

In each of the four solutions shown below, a strip of magnesium is added.

Which of the following combinations is correct?

Tube
Observation
A I
Grey coating on magnesium
B II
Brown coating on magnesium
C III
Bubbles are given off
D IV
Grey coating on magnesium

10

Which of the following statements concerning lead is correct?

A It can be obtained by heating lead(II) oxide strongly in air.
B It can displace zinc from zinc nitrate solution.
C It shows moderate reaction with steam.
D Its oxide is yellow when cool.

Which of the following equations represents a displacement reaction that would NOT occur at
room temperature?
A Pb(s) + Zn2+(aq) Pb2+(aq) + Zn(s)
B Mg(s) + Fe2+(aq) Mg2+(aq) + Fe(s)
C Fe(s) + Cu2+(aq) Fe2+(aq) + Cu(s)
D Zn(s) + 2Ag+(aq) Zn2+(aq) + 2Ag(s)

11

12

Zinc nitrate solution should NOT be stored in

(1) a magnesium container.
(2) a plastic container.

(3)
A
B
C
D

13

a zinc container.
(1) only
(2) only
(1) and (3) only
(2) and (3) only

Which of the following are correct when excess iron is added to lead(II) nitrate solution?
(1) A pale green solution is obtained.
(2) Some grey solids are deposited on the iron surface.
(3) A gas is evolved.
A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)

14

X is an element with an electronic arrangement of 2, 8, 1. Which of the following statements

concerning X is / are correct?
(1) X burns in air with a golden yellow flame.
(2) X is extracted by reduction with carbon.
(3) A gas is given off when X reacts with zinc sulphate solution.
A (1) only
B (2) only
C (1) and (3) only
D (2) and (3) only

15

A piece of magnesium is dropped into a beaker of copper(II) sulphate solution. Which of the
following will be observed?
(1) Gas bubbles are evolved.
(2) A brown layer forms on the surface of magnesium.
(3) The colour of the blue solution fades.
A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)

10.11: Relationship between the extraction method and position of metals in the
reactivity series
(CDC guide: Relation between the extraction method for a metal and its position
in the metal reactivity series)

Which of the following metal oxides is most difficult to be reduced?

A MgO
B CuO
C ZnO
D FeO

How could calcium be extracted from solid calcium chloride?

A By displacement reaction with magnesium
B By melting it and passing electricity through the molten calcium chloride
C By passing electricity through solid calcium chloride
D By strongly heating calcium chloride with carbon

Tin is just below iron in the metal reactivity series. Oxide of tin can be reduced to tin by
A heating the oxide with lead.
B heating the oxide strongly.
C heating the oxide with carbon.
D electrolysis of the aqueous solution of the oxide.

Metal X is just below zinc in the reactivity series. Which of the following reactions are most
likely to occur?
heat
(1) 2XO(s) + C(s) 2X(s) + CO2(g)
heat
(2) 2XO(s) 2X(s) + O2(g)
(3) X(s) + Cu2+(aq) X2+(aq) + Cu(s)
A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (3) only

C
D

(2) and (3) only

(1), (2) and (3)

A metal at the top of the reactivity series would be expected to

(1) have a shiny appearance.
(2) form an oxide which is stable to heat.
(3) be extracted by heating its ore with carbon.
A (1) only
B (2) only
C (1) and (3) only
D (2) and (3) only

Nickel is in between iron and lead in the reactivity series. Which of the following
statements concerning nickel are probably correct?
(1) Nickel(II) oxide can be reduced by carbon.
(2) Nickel can displace silver from silver nitrate solution.
(3) Nickel reacts with dilute sulphuric acid to give hydrogen.
A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)

Metal X reacts with hot water more readily than metal Y does. Which of the following
statements are probably correct?
(1) X displaces Y from the solution of nitrate of Y.
(2) It is more difficult to reduce the oxide of X when compared to the oxide of Y.
(3) Both X and Y react with steam to form hydroxides.
A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)

10.12: Prediction of metal reactions using the reactivity series

(CDC guide: Prediction of metal reactions using the reactivity series)

Chromium lies between zinc and iron in the reactivity series. Which of the following
statements is INCORRECT?
A When chromium powder is added to copper(II) sulphate solution, a brown deposit will
form.
B Chromium reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid to liberate hydrogen.
C Magnesium is more reactive than chromium.
D Chromium is usually obtained by electrolysis of its molten ore.

Metal X is more reactive than platinum but less reactive than iron. Which of the following
statements is most likely to be correct?
A X burns vigorously in air to form an oxide.
B X reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid vigorously.
C X displaces iron from iron(II) sulphate solution.
D The oxide of X can be reduced by heating with carbon.

X, Y and Z are metals. X displaces Y from the solution of chloride of Y, but has no reaction
with the solution of nitrate of Z. The reactivity of the three metals in descending order is
A X, Y, Z.
B X, Z, Y.
C Z, X, Y.
D Z, Y, X.

X, Y and Z are metals. The oxides of X and Y can be reduced by heating with carbon, but the
oxide of Z cannot. Y displaces X from a solution of nitrate of X. The descending order of
reactivity of the three metals is
A X, Y, Z.
B X, Z, Y
C Z, X, Y.
D Z, Y, X.

X, Y and Z are metals. Metals Y and Z have no reaction with steam while metal X reacts with
water to liberate hydrogen. Only metal Y is found free in nature. The order of increasing
reactivity of the three metals is
A X, Y, Z.
B X, Z, Y.
C Y, X, Z.
D Y, Z, X.

Metals X and Y both have no reaction with cold water. X reduces iron(II) oxide on heating.
Copper displaces Y from a solution of nitrate of Y. The descending order of reactivity of the
four metals is
A X, Fe, Cu, Y.
B Fe, X, Cu, Y.
C X, Fe, Y, Cu.
D Y, Cu, Fe, X.

Metal X reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid to liberate hydrogen, but metals Y and Z have no
reaction with the acid. The oxide of Y decomposes on heating but the oxide of Z does not. The
order of decreasing reactivity of the three metals should be
A X, Y, Z.
B X, Z, Y.
C Z, Y, X.
D Z, X, Y.

The properties of four metals are listed in the table below:

Metal

Properties

does not react with dilute hydrochloric acid

burns in air to give an orange solid, which becomes yellow on cooling

reacts with steam slowly but not with cold water

can be extracted from its ore by electrolysis only

The order of decreasing reactivity is probably

A X, Y, W, Z.
B X, Z, Y, W.
C Z, Y, X, W.

Z, X, Y, W.

Directions: Questions 9 and 10 refer to the results of an experiment for three metals X, Y and
Z.
Action of metal on copper (II) sulphate solution
X

Copper is deposited.

A gas is evolved.

No reaction

The order of increasing reactivity of the three metals should be

A Y < X < Z.
B X < Z < Y.
C Z < Y < X.
D Z < X < Y.

10

Y could be
A zinc.
B magnesium.
C sodium.
D copper.

11

X, Y and Z are metals. Metal Y reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid to liberate hydrogen while
metals X and Z do not. Only metal X is known to be used since ancient times. The descending
order of reactivity of the three metals is
A Y, X, Z.
B Y, Z, X.
C Z, X, Y.
D Z, Y, X.

12

A student performed tests to investigate the reactivity of three metals. In each test, a metal
strip was placed in a solution containing ions of a different metal. The results are shown in the
diagrams.

What is the order of reactivity of the metals, based on these results?

A X>Z>Y
B Y>X>Z
C Z>Y>X
D Z>X>Y

Directions: Questions 13 and 14 refer to the results of experiments for three metals X, Y and
Z, and their compounds.
Metal

Reaction with
cold water

Action of heat
on metal oxide

No reaction

No reaction

Hydrogen liberated

No reaction

No reaction

Metal and oxygen formed

13

The descending order of reactivity of the three metals is

A X, Y, Z.
B X, Z, Y.
C Y, X, Z.
D Y, Z, X.

14

Which of the following statements concerning Y are probably correct?

(1) Y reacts with water to give a hydroxide.
(2) Y is extracted by electrolysis of its molten ore.
(3) Y has been used by humans since ancient times.
A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)

15

In which of the following experiments would a metal be produced?

(1) Heating iron(III) oxide with aluminium
(2) Adding zinc to silver nitrate solution
(3) Heating copper with magnesium oxide
A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)

16

Caesium is an alkali metal. Which of the following statements are correct?

(1) It loses electrons more readily than potassium does.
(2) It reacts with oxygen vigorously.
(3) It reacts with water to give an alkaline solution.
A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)

17

Barium is a Group II element. Which of the following statements concerning barium are
correct?
(1) It reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid to give hydrogen.
(2) It is extracted by electrolysis of its molten ore.
(3) It reacts with water to give barium oxide.
A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)

18

Strontium is a Group II element. Which of the following statements concerning strontium

are correct?
(1) It can be obtained by heating strontium oxide with carbon.
(2) It reacts with water readily.
(3) It is more reactive than calcium.

A
B
C
D

19

(1) and (2) only

(1) and (3) only
(2) and (3) only
(1), (2) and (3)

Tin is a metal just above lead in the reactivity series. Which of the following statements
concerning tin are probably correct?
(1) It is extracted by electrolysis of its molten ore.
(2) An oxide is formed when tin is heated in air.
(3) It shows no reaction with cold water.
A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)

20 X and Y are two different metals. Which of the following show(s) that Y is more reactive
than X?
(1) X forms an ion with a charge of +2 while Y forms an ion with a charge of +3.
(2) The oxide of X undergoes decomposition upon strong heating but the oxide of Y does
not.
(3) X reacts with steam but Y does not.
A (1) only
B (2) only
C (1) and (3) only
D (2) and (3) only

Unit 11
11.1: Calculating the quantity of substances
11.2: Counting numbers by weighing
11.3: What is a mole?
11.4: What is molar mass?
(CDC guide: Quantitative relationship of the reactants and products in a
reaction as revealed from a chemical equation & Mole, Avogadro's constant and
molar mass)

1 mole of potassium oxide contains

A 1 mole of molecules.
B 2 moles of cations.
C 2 moles of anions.
D 3 moles of atoms.

How many atoms are present in 0.600 mole of carbon dioxide molecules?
(Avogadro constant = 6.02 1023 mol-1)
A 0.6
B 1.8
C 3.61 1023
D 10.8 1023

3 moles of magnesium chloride contains

A 3 moles of molecules.
B 6 moles of cations.
C 6 moles of anions.
D 9 moles of atoms.

Consider the chemical equation:

2Ca(s) + O2(g) 2CaO(s)
Which of the following statements are correct?
(1) Calcium and oxygen are reactants.
(2) Calcium oxide is the product.
(3) 2 moles of calcium react with 1 mole of oxygen to give 2 moles of calcium oxide.
A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)

Which of the following statements are correct?

(1)
(2)
(3)
A
B
C
D

One mole is the quantity of a substance that contains Avogadro number of particles.
One mole of zinc and one mole of iron have different masses.
The molar mass of a substance is the mass in gram of one mole of it.
(1) and (2) only
(1) and (3) only
(2) and (3) only
(1), (2) and (3)

The Avogadro constant

(1) has the numerical value of 6.02 1023.
(2) varies with temperature and pressure.
(3) is represented by the symbol L.
A (1) only
B (2) only
C (1) and (3) only
D (2) and (3) only

The molecular formula of ozone is O3. Which of the following statements concerning 1 mole
of ozone is / are correct?
(Avogadro constant = 6.02 1023 mol-1; relative atomic mass: O = 16.0)
(1) Its mass is 48.0 g.
(2) It contains 3 moles of molecules.
(3) It contains 3 6.02 1023 atoms.
A (1) only
B (2) only
C (1) and (3) only
D (2) and (3) only

Which of the following statements concerning 1 mole of magnesium is / are correct?

(Avogadro constant = 6.02 1023 mol-1; relative atomic mass: Mg = 24.3)
(1) It can form 1 mole of Mg2+ ions.
(2) It can form 2 6.02 10 23Mg2+ ions.
(3) The mass of 1 mole of Mg2+ ions is 48.6 g.
A (1) only
B (2) only

C
D

(1) and (3) only

(2) and (3) only

Which of the following statements concerning 1 mole of sulphur dioxide are correct?
(Avogadro constant = 6.02 1023 mol-1; relative atomic masses: O = 16.0, S = 32.1)
(1) It contains 3 moles of atoms.
(2) It contains 3 6.02 1023 ions.
(3) Its mass is 64.1 g.
A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)

11.5: Calculations involving moles and masses

(CDC guide: Calculations related to moles and reacting masses)

If 2.00 g of oxygen gas contains x molecules, how many molecules are present in 28.0 g of
nitrogen gas?
(Relative atomic masses: N = 14.0, O = 16.0)
A x
B 4x
C 8x
D 16x

If there are x molecules in 17.75 g of chlorine, how many molecules are present in 8.00 g of
sulphur dioxide ?
(Relative atomic masses: O = 16.0, S = 32.1, Cl = 35.5)
A x/4
B x/2
C x
D 2x

The molecular formula of a gas is X3. If the Avogadro number is L mol-1, how many atoms are
there in 48.0 g of X3?
(Relative atomic mass: X = 16.0)
A 1/2 L
B L
C 2L
D 3L

If 2.0 g of carbon monoxide gas contain x molecules, how many molecules are present in 1.0 g
of hydrogen gas?
(Relative atomic masses: H = 1.0, C = 12.0, O = 16.0)
A 3.5x
B 5.5x
C 7x
D 11x

Which of the following gases, each having a mass of 3.00 g, has the largest number of
molecules at room temperature and pressure?
(Relative atomic masses: H = 1.0, C = 12.0, O = 16.0, F = 19.0, Ar = 40.0)
A Oxygen
B Hydrogen fluoride
C Carbon dioxide
D Argon

Which of the following gases contains the largest number of molecules at room temperature
and pressure?
(Relative atomic masses: H = 1.0, C = 12.0, N = 14.0, O = 16.0, F = 19.0, Cl = 35.5)
A 4.0 g of hydrogen chloride
B 18.0 g of ammonia
C 38.0 g of fluorine
D 58.0 g of carbon dioxide

The molecular formula of a gas is X2. If the relative atomic mass of X is 14.0, what is the
number of molecules in 112 g of the gas?

(Avogadro constant = 6.02 1023 mol-1)

A 4
B 8
C 4 6.02 1023
D 8 6.02 1023

The formula of ozone is O3. If 1 mole of ozone contains y atoms, how many atoms will 2
moles of oxygen gas contain?
A
B
C
D

2y
3

y
4y
3

4y

Element X forms two oxides, XO2 and XO3. If 1 mole of XO2 contains n atoms, 3 moles of
XO3 would contain
A 3n atoms.
B 4n atoms.
C 5n atoms.
D 6n atoms.

10

Which of the following gases contains the same number of atoms as 2.20 g of carbon dioxide?
(Relative atomic masses: H = 1.0, C = 12.0, N = 14.0, O = 16.0, F = 19.0)
A 3.40 g of ammonia
B 2.30 g of nitrogen dioxide
C 0.30 g of hydrogen
D 1.90 g of fluorine

11

Metal X forms an oxide. 32.0 g of this oxide contains 23.2 g of X. What is the mole ratio of X
to oxygen in the oxide?
(Relative atomic masses: O = 16.0, X = 56.0)
A 1:1
B 1:2
C 2:3

12

3:4

An oxide of element X has the formula X2O3. 14.3 g of this oxide contains 7.56 g of X. What
is the relative atomic mass of X?
(Relative atomic mass: O = 16.0)
A 12.0
B 18.0
C 27.0
D 36.0

13

A solid mixture of iron(II) nitrate and iron(II) carbonate contains 1.0 mole of nitrate ions

and
1.2 moles of iron(II) ions. What is the number of moles of carbonate ions in the mixture?
A 0.35
B 0.70
C 1.4
D 1.7

14

What is the mass of oxygen in 24.0 g of pure nitric acid (HNO3)?

(Relative atomic masses: H = 1.0, N = 14.0, O = 16.0)
A 6.10 g
B 8.00 g
C 12.2 g
D 18.3 g

15

What mass of water of crystallization is contained in 30.0 g of XSO45H2O with a molar mass
of 250.1 g mol-1?
(Relative atomic masses: H = 1.0, O = 16.0)
A 10.8 g
B 18.0 g
C 14.4 g
D 21.6 g

16

Plaster of Paris is used for setting broken limbs. Its formula is CaSO4

1
H2O. When water is
2

added, it sets to give gypsum, CaSO42H2O. What is the minimum mass of water needed to
set 0.500 kg of plaster of Paris?
(Relative atomic masses: H = 1.0, O = 16.0, S = 32.1, Ca = 40.1)
A 62.0 g
B 93.0 g
C 124 g
D 290 g

17

The relative atomic masses of carbon and oxygen are 12.0 and 16.0 respectively. Which of the
following statements concerning 88.0 g of carbon dioxide is correct?
(Avogadro constant = 6.02 1023 mol-1)
A It contains 4 moles of oxygen atoms.
B It contains 4 moles of molecules.
C It contains 6 6.02 1023 molecules.
D It contains 8 6.02 1023 atoms.

18

Which of the following statements concerning 0.50 mole of nitrogen gas are correct?
(1) It contains the same number of atoms as 4.0 g of helium gas.
(2) It has a mass of 7.0 g.
(3) It contains 3.01 1023 molecules of nitrogen.
(Relative atomic masses: He = 4.0, N = 14.0; Avogadro constant = 6.02 1023 mol-1)
A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)

19

1 mole of sulphur atoms has a mass twice that of 1 mole of oxygen atoms. Which of the
following statements is / are correct?
(1) 2 g of sulphur contains twice the number of atoms as 1 g of oxygen.
(2) The number of atoms contained in 1 mole of sulphur atoms is the same as that
contained in 1 mole of oxygen atoms.
(3) The number of S2- ions formed from 1 mole of sulphur atoms is twice that of O2ions formed from 1 mole of oxygen atoms.

A
B
C
D

(1) only
(2) only
(1) and (3) only
(2) and (3) only

11.6: Percentage by mass of an element in a compound

(CDC guide: Percentage by mass of an element in a compound )

What is the percentage by mass of water of crystallization in FeSO47H2O?

(Relative atomic masses: H = 1.0, O = 16.0, S = 32.1, Fe = 55.8)
A 45.3 %.
B
C
D

56.0 %.
72.0 %.
84.6 %.

What is the percentage by mass of X in K2X2O7?

(Relative atomic masses: O = 16.0, K = 39.1, X = 52.0)
A 17.7 %
B 25.1 %
C 35.4 %
D 40.8 %

Which of the following fertilizers contains the lowest percentage by mass of nitrogen?
(Relative atomic masses: H = 1.0, N = 14.0, O = 16.0, Na = 23.0, S = 32.1, Cl = 35.5,
K = 39.1)
A Potassium nitrate
B Sodium nitrate
C Ammonium chloride
D Ammonium sulphate

Assuming that the effectiveness of a nitrogen-containing fertilizer is proportional to the

percentage by mass of nitrogen in the compound, which of the following compounds is the

most effective fertilizer?

Relative molecular mass
A CO(NH2)2
60.0
B NH4NO3
80.0
C NaNO3
85.0
D (NH4)2HPO4
132.0

An ore sample contains 75.0% by mass of AlCl3 while the other ingredients do not contain
aluminium. What is the percentage by mass of aluminium in the sample?
(Relative atomic masses: Al = 27.0, Cl = 35.5)
A 15.2%.
B 25.2%.
C 35.2%.
D 45.2%.

A silver coin, with a mass of 12.0 g, was dissolved completely in concentrated nitric acid to
give silver nitrate solution. When excess potassium chloride solution was added to the
resulting solution, 14.4 g of a white precipitate were obtained. What is the percentage by mass
of silver in the coin?
(Relative atomic masses: Cl = 35.5, Ag = 107.9)
A 45.0%
B 60.0%
C 75.0%
D 90.0%

A salt, KClMgCl2nH2O, contains 38.9% by mass of water of crystallization. What is the

value of n?
(Relative atomic masses: H = 1.0, O = 16.0, Mg = 24.3, K = 39.1, Cl = 35.5)
A 5
B 6
C 7
D 18

The compound X2S contains 70.8% by mass of X. What is the relative atomic mass of X?

(Relative atomic mass: S = 32.1)

A 17.5
B 23.0
C 39.0
D 80.0

XCl4 contains 16.5 % by mass of X. What is the relative atomic mass of X?

(Relative atomic mass: Cl = 35.5)
A 26.5
B 28.0
C 30.5
D 36.0

10

An element forms an oxide X2O5, which contains 35.0% by mass of oxygen. What is the
relative atomic mass of X?
(Relative atomic mass: O = 16.0)
A 3.45
B 21.5
C 43.1
D 74.3

11

A sample of paint pigment of mass 1.50 g is dissolved and the lead ions in it are separated

by
precipitation as solid PbSO4. The precipitate has a mass of 0.0849 g. What is the percentage
by mass of lead in the pigment?
(Relative atomic masses: O = 16.0, S = 32.1, Pb = 207.2)
A 3.87%
B 5.66%
C 5.80%
D 12.7%

11.7: Determining the empirical formula of a compound from experimental data

(CDC guide: Empirical formulae derived from experimental data)

2 moles of atoms of X combines with 16.0 g of oxygen to form an oxide. What is the
empirical formula of this oxide?
(Relative atomic mass: O = 16.0)
A XO
B XO2
C XO3
D X2O

A compound is formed when 71.0 g of chlorine combine with 48.0 g of oxygen. What is the
empirical formula of the compound?
(Relative atomic masses: O = 16.0, Cl = 35.5)
A ClO
B ClO2
C Cl2O
D Cl2O3

Heating 4.80 g of an element X gives 9.60 g of its oxide. What is the empirical formula of the
oxide?
(Relative atomic masses: O = 16.0, X = 32.1)
A XO
B X2O
C XO2
D XO3

A compound contains carbon and hydrogen only. If the percentage by mass of hydrogen in the
compound is 25.0%, what is its empirical formula?
(Relative atomic masses: H = 1.0, C = 12.0)
A CH
B CH2
C CH3
D CH4

A compound contains 34.4% of nickel, 28.1% of carbon and 37.5% of oxygen by mass. What
is its empirical formula?
(Relative atomic masses: C = 12.0, O = 16.0, Ni = 58.7)
A NiCO
B Ni(CO)4
C NiCO3
D Ni(CO)2

What is the empirical formula of a compound with the following composition by mass?
Na = 36.5% S = 25.4% O = 38.1%
(Relative atomic masses: O = 16.0, Na = 23.0, S = 32.1)
A NaSO3
B NaSO4
C Na2SO3
D Na2SO4

Vitamin C contains 40.9% of carbon, 4.60% of hydrogen and 54.5% of oxygen by mass.
What is the empirical formula of vitamin C?
(Relative atomic masses: H= 1.0, C = 12.0, O = 16.0)
A CH2O
B C2H3O2
C C3H4O3
D C4H5O4

32.2 g of an oxide of metal M, when completely reduced by carbon, produced 4.95 g of carbon
dioxide. What is the empirical formula of the oxide?
(Relative atomic masses: C = 12.0, O = 16.0, M = 63.5)
A MO
B M2O
C MO2
D M2O3

A compound contains 18.2% of lithium, 71.2% of aluminium and 10.6% of hydrogen by mass.

What is its empirical formula?

(Relative atomic masses: H = 1.0, Li = 6.9, Al = 27.0)
A LiAlH2
B LiAlH4
C Li2AlH5
D Li3AlH5

10 The relative atomic mass of metal X is 52.0. 33.8 g of X are allowed to react with steam.
The mass of oxide obtained is 49.4 g. What is the empirical formula of the oxide?
(Relative atomic mass: O = 16.0)
A X2O
B XO
C X2O3
D X3O4

11 Metal X forms an oxide with the empirical formula X2O. Upon strong heating, the oxide
decomposes according to the following equation:
2X2O(s) 4X(s) + O2(g)

Complete decomposition of 55.7 g of the oxide gives 3.84 g of oxygen. What is the
relative
atomic mass of X?
(Relative atomic mass: O = 16.0)
A 54.0
B 108.0
C 162.0
D 216.0

12 A compound contains carbon and hydrogen only. It contains 16.3% by mass of hydrogen.
The relative molecular mass of the compound is 86.0. What is its molecular formula?
(Relative atomic masses: H= 1.0, C = 12.0)
A C3H7
B C6H14
C C7H2
D C7H16

13 A compound contains 54.5% by mass of carbon, 9.10% by mass of hydrogen and the rest
being oxygen. The relative molecular mass of this compound is 88.0. What is its molecular
formula?
(Relative atomic masses: H= 1.0, C = 12.0, O = 16.0)
A C2H4O
B C3H4O3
C C4H8O2
D C5H12O

11.8: Mole ratio in a balanced chemical equation

11.9: Chemical equations and reacting masses
11.10: Limiting reactants
11.11: Theoretical yield and actual yield
(CDC guide: Reacting masses from chemical equations)

24.4 g of a hydrated metal sulphate were heated to a constant mass. After cooling to room
temperature, the anhydrous metal sulphate weighed 11.9 g. How many moles of water of
crystallization are there in one mole of the hydrated metal sulphate?
(Relative formula / molecular masses: anhydrous metal sulphate = 120.4, water = 18.0)
A 4
B 5
C 7
D 10

4.68 g of metal X combine with 2.16 g of oxygen to form an oxide in which the charge of the
ion of X is +3. What is the relative atomic mass of X?
(Relative atomic mass: O = 16.0)
A 11.6
B 34.7
C 52.0
D 104

The formula of hydrated sodium carbonate crystals is Na2CO3xH2O. When 66.9 g of the
hydrated crystals are heated, 24.8 g of anhydrous sodium carbonate are produced. What is the
value of x?
(Relative atomic masses: H = 1.0, C = 12.0, O =16.0, Na = 23.0)
A 3
B 5
C 7
D 10

What mass of iron is obtained when 0.400 mole of iron(III) oxide is completely reduced by
carbon monoxide?
(Relative atomic mass: Fe = 55.8)
A 33.6 g
B 44.6 g
C 67.2 g
D 96.1 g

5
The formula of hydrated zinc sulphate is ZnSO4xH2O. On strong heating, 18.7 g of the
hydrated sulphate produces 8.19 g of water. What is the value of x?
(Relative atomic masses: H = 1.0, O = 16.0, S = 32.1, Zn = 65.4)
A 5
B 6
C 7
D 8

The following equation represents the reaction of an oxide of iron with carbon:
Fe3O4(s) + 2C(s) 3Fe(s) + 2CO2(g)
What mass of iron would be obtained if 81.0 g of the oxide were consumed in the reaction?
(Relative atomic masses: O = 16.0, Fe = 55.8)
A 19.5 g
B 39.0 g
C 58.6 g
D 78.1 g

Aluminium can be produced from aluminium oxide by the following reaction:

Al2O3(s) + 3Mg(s) 2Al(s) + 3MgO(s)
What mass of aluminium oxide is required to produce 11.9 g of aluminium?
(Relative atomic masses: O = 16.0, Al = 27.0)
A 22.4 g
B 33.6 g
C 44.8 g
D 67.3 g

NaHCO3 decomposes upon heating to form Na2CO3, CO2 and H2O. What is the mass of
Na2CO3 obtained if 126 g of NaHCO3 undergo complete decomposition?
(Relative atomic masses: H = 1.0, C = 12.0, O = 16.0, Na = 23.0)
A 79.5 g
B 84.0 g
C 106 g
D 159 g

9
A solid mixture consists of 1.0 mole of calcium carbonate and 1.0 mole of sodium
carbonate.
What is the least number of moles of hydrochloric acid required to liberate all the carbon
dioxide from the mixture?
A 1.5
B 2.0
C 3.0
D 4.0

10

Consider the following equation:

2NH3(g) + 3CuO(s) N2(g) + 3H2O(l) + 3Cu(s)
What mass of ammonia would be required to give 0.450 mole of water in the reaction?
(Relative atomic masses: H = 1.0, N = 14.0)
A 5.10 g
B 7.65 g
C 11.4 g
D 15.3 g

11

Ammonium dichromate ((NH4)2Cr2O7) decomposes on heating to give chromium(III) oxide,

water and nitrogen. What mass of water is obtained when 277 g of (NH4)2 Cr2O7 undergo
complete decomposition?
(Relative atomic masses: H = 1.0, N = 14.0, O = 16.0, Cr = 52.0)
A 19.8 g
B 39.6 g
C 79.2 g
D 158 g

12

Consider the following equation:

X2(g) + 3Y2(g) 2XY3(g)
If 4 moles of X2(g) react with 6 moles of Y2(g), what is the number of moles of XY3(g)
formed?
A 2
B 4
C 8
D 10

13

The following equation represents the reaction of propane (C3H8) with oxygen:
C3H8(g) + 5O2(g) 3CO2(g) + 4H2O(l)
What is the mass of carbon dioxide formed when 3 moles of propane react with 10 moles of
oxygen?
(Relative atomic masses: C = 12.0, O = 16.0)
A 132 g
B 264 g
C 308 g
D 396 g

14

4.00 moles of hydrochloric acid react with 72.0 g of magnesium. What is the mass of
hydrogen produced?
(Relative atomic masses: H = 1.0, Mg = 24.3)
A 2.00 g.
B 3.00 g.

C
D

4.00 g.
6.00 g.

15 Hydrazine (N2H4) is used as rocket fuel. It reacts with oxygen according to the following
equation:
N2H4(l) + O2(g) N2(g) + 2H2O(l)
In a particular rocket engine, 2.40 g of hydrazine and 3.40 g of oxygen are allowed to
react.
What is the mass of water produced?
(Relative atomic masses: H = 1.0, N = 14.0, O = 16.0)
A 1.35 g
B 1.90 g
C 2.70 g
D 3.80 g

16

Sodium and chlorine react according to the following equation:

2Na(s) + Cl2(g) 2NaCl(s)
12.5 g of sodium and 25.5 g of chlorine are allowed to react. What is the mass of sodium
chloride formed?
(Relative atomic masses: Na = 23.0, Cl = 35.5)
A 31.8 g
B 42.0 g
C 63.5 g
D 84.0 g

17 In the combustion of a certain fuel, 16.0 g of carbon dioxide are produced. This
represents a
75.0% yield. What is the theoretical yield of carbon dioxide?
A 12.0 g
B 21.3 g
C 32.0 g
D 44.3 g

18

Calcium carbonate can be decomposed by heating. When 24.8 g of calcium carbonate were

heated, 13.1 g of calcium oxide were obtained. What is the percentage yield of calcium oxide?
(Relative atomic masses: C = 12.0, O = 16.0, Ca = 40.1)
A 24.8%
B 52.8%
C 72.4%
D 94.4%

19

Manufacturing ammonia in industry involves the reaction between nitrogen and hydrogen.
N2(g) + 3H2(g) 2NH3(g)
A sufficient amount of hydrogen is allowed to react with 10.0 moles of nitrogen. Suppose that
the conversion of nitrogen to ammonia is 15.0%. What is the mass of ammonia formed?
(Relative atomic masses: H = 1.0, N = 14.0)
A 20.0 g
B 51.0 g
C 113 g
D 340 g

20

When copper is heated with an excess of sulphur, copper(I) sulphide is formed according
to the following equation:
2Cu(s) + S(s) Cu2S(s)
In a particular experiment, 2.40 g of copper were heated with excess sulphur to obtain
2.85 g
of copper(I) sulphide. What is the percentage yield of the reaction?
(Relative atomic masses: S = 32.1, Cu = 63.5)
A 80.8%
B 84.8%
C 90.8%
D 94.8%

Unit 12
12.1: What is corrosion?
12.2: Corrosion of iron: rusting
(CDC guide: Corrosion of iron)

The chemical formula of rust is

A FeO.
B Fe2O3.
C FeOnH2O.
D Fe2O3nH2O.

Which of the following iron nails would NOT rust after 3 days?

The diagrams below represent four tests in an experiment designed to find out the necessary
conditions for rusting. Which diagram represents the most favorable conditions for rust to
appear on the nail?

Iron corrodes more easily than other metals, but iron is still widely used in daily life. Which of
the following are possible reasons?
(1) Iron is strong.
(2) Iron is cheap.
(3) There are many methods used to prevent iron from corrosion.
A (1) and (2) only

B
C
D

(1) and (3) only

(2) and (3) only
(1), (2) and (3)

Which of the following statements are correct?

(1) Corrosion is the deterioration of a metal due to its reactions with substances in the
environment.
(2) Copper is more corrosion resistant than iron.
(3) Rusting is the corrosion of iron.
A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)

Which of the following conditions are essential for rusting to occur?

(1) Oxygen
(2) High temperature
(3) Water
A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)

12.3: What factors speed up the rusting process?

12.4: To observe rusting using a rust indicator
(CDC guide: Factors that influence the rusting of iron)

The rate of rusting is the fastest when iron is connected to

A copper.
B silver.
C zinc.
D lead.

Iron rusts faster in sea water than in distilled water because

A sea water is more acidic.
B sea water contains ionic substances.
C sea water contains more oxygen.
D sea water is more corrosive.

Which iron nail in the test tubes shown below would rust most rapidly?

Which iron nail in the test tubes shown below would rust most slowly?

An iron nail is covered with water. Which of the following actions would NOT increase the
rate at which the nail corrodes?

A
B
C
D

Adding some sodium sulphate to the water

Adding some glucose to the water
Attaching a copper wire to the nail
Bubbling carbon dioxide into the water

In which of the following cases would the rusting of iron nail be fastest?

In which of the following cases would the rusting of iron nail be slowest?

Two experiments are set-up below to study the corrosion of an iron nail.

The rust indicator turns blue if the nail rusts. After a short time, blue colour will appear at
A both P and Q.
B neither P nor Q.
C P but not at Q.
D Q but not at P.

The process of rusting is speeded up

(1) in the presence of sodium chloride solution.
(2) at a higher temperature.
(3) in the presence of dilute sulphuric acid.
A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)

10

Which iron nail(s) below should be free from rusting after a long time?

A
B
C
D

11

(1) only
(2) only
(1) and (3) only
(2) and (3) only

Car exhaust pipes rust rapidly because

(1) car exhaust gases are acidic.
(2) car exhaust gases contain water vapour.
(3) car exhaust pipes are subject to high temperature.

A
B
C
D

12

(1) and (2) only

(1) and (3) only
(2) and (3) only
(1), (2) and (3)

In which of the following beakers would the iron NOT rust?

A
B
C
D

(1) only
(2) only
(1) and (3) only
(2) and (3) only

Directions: Questions 13 and 14 refer to three different pairs of metal wires, which are placed
separately in petri dishes containing rust indicator solution.

13

If the iron wire rusts, what would be the colour of the rust indicator around the wire?

A
B
C
D

14

Blue
Orange
Red
Yellow

Which of the following statements is / are correct?

(1) The iron wire in dish I corrodes readily.
(2) The iron wire in dish II corrodes readily.
(3) The iron wires in dish III do not corrode.
A (1) only
B (2) only
C (1) and (3) only
D (2) and (3) only

12.5: How to prevent rusting?

12.6: Socioeconomic implications of rusting
12.7: Which is the most suitable method to protect a particular iron article from
rusting?
(CDC guide: Methods used to prevent rusting)

Which of the following methods CANNOT prevent iron from rusting?

A Chromium-plating
B Wrapping a copper wire around the iron object
C Coating with oil
D Coating the surface with plastic

Tin-plating can prevent iron from rusting because

A tin protects iron from air and water.
B tin corrodes instead of iron.
C tin is higher than iron in the reactivity series.
D tin is less reactive than iron.

Tin-plated iron instead of galvanized iron is used to make food cans because
A tin corrodes less rapidly than zinc in air.
B tin and iron form an alloy which does not corrode.
C tin ions are non-toxic while zinc ions are toxic.
D tin is cheaper than zinc.

The hull of a ship can be protected from corrosion by attaching a piece of metal to it.
The metal could be
A iron.
B potassium.
C tin.
D zinc.

Which of the following methods can be used to prevent a bicycle chain from rusting?
A Coating with paint
B Coating with grease
C Attaching a piece of zinc to it
D Coating with plastic

Which of the following methods can be used to prevent a sewing needle from rusting?
A Sacrificial protection
B Coating with oil
C Using alloys of iron
D Coating with paint

Which of the following combinations is INCORRECT?

Iron article
Method to prevent iron from rusting
A Bath tap
Chromium-plating
B Fence
Painting
C Door hinge
Galvanization
D Underground pipeline
Sacrificial protection

Zinc coating can prevent iron from rusting because

A
B
C
D

zinc is more reactive than iron.

zinc is harder than iron.
zinc forms a protective layer on the surface of iron.
zinc loses electrons more readily than iron.

Which of the following metals can offer both a protective layer and sacrificial protection to an
iron object?
A Zinc
B Silver
C Lead
D Copper

10

Painting is NOT used to protect door hinges because

A paint is expensive.
B paint is easily scratched off.
C it is difficult to attach paint to door hinges.
D painting causes harm to environment.

11

Which of the following CANNOT protect iron from rusting?

A Iron coated with tin
B Iron alloyed with chromium
C Iron covered with plastic
D Iron connected to tin

12

Stainless steel is seldom used to make large objects because

A it is not strong enough.
B it is not malleable enough.
C it is too expensive.
D it is difficult to produce.

13

Which of the following methods can prevent iron from rusting?

(1) Anodization
(2) Tin-plating

(3)
A
B
C
D

Galvanization
(1) and (2) only
(1) and (3) only
(2) and (3) only
(1), (2) and (3)

14

Which of the following processes could be used to slow down the corrosion of an iron nail?
(1) Painting the nail
(2) Coating a layer of zinc on the nail
(3) Putting the nail in distilled water
A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)

15

Which of the following are commonly used as protective metals to prevent rusting of iron?
(1) Chromium
(2) Zinc
(3) Tin
A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)

16

Which of the following are examples of sacrificial protection against rusting?

(1) Food cans coated with tin
(2) Underground iron pipes connected to bags of magnesium
(3) Hull of a ship connected to zinc blocks
A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)

17

Which of the following processes CANNOT slow down the corrosion of an iron nail?

(1)
(2)
(3)
A
B
C
D

Wrapping a copper wire around the iron nail

Putting the iron nail in oil
Attaching a piece of silver to the iron nail
(1) and (2) only
(1) and (3) only
(2) and (3) only
(1), (2) and (3)

12.8: Corrosion resistance of aluminium

(CDC guide: Corrosion resistance of aluminium & Anodization as a method to
enhance corrosion resistance of aluminium)

Why is aluminium a good choice for the manufacture of outdoor structures?

A Aluminium is easily reduced.
B Aluminium is not easily oxidized.
C Aluminium is easily reduced, but forms a protective coating.
D Aluminium is easily oxidized, but forms a protective coating.

A food can corrodes quickly in sea water while a soft drink can does not. Which of the
following explanations is correct?
A Aluminium is more reactive than iron.
B Aluminium has a protective oxide layer on its surface.
C Aluminium is lighter than iron.
D A food can reacts with sodium chloride while a soft drink can does not.

The process used to thicken the aluminium oxide layer on aluminium surface is known as
A galvanization.
B electroplating.
C anodization.
D reduction.

Which of the following statements concerning the anodization of aluminium is INCORRECT?

A
B
C
D

Aluminium object to be anodized is made the positive electrode.

The negative electrode is made of aluminium sheet.
Dilute sulphuric acid is used as an electrolyte.
Oxygen is produced at the negative electrode.

The experimental set-up of aluminium anodization is shown below.

Which of the following combinations is correct?

Electrolyte
Positive electrode
A Molten aluminium
aluminium object X
B Molten aluminium
aluminium sheet Y
C Dilute sulphuric acid
aluminium object X
D Dilute sulphuric acid
aluminium sheet Y

Negative electrode
aluminium sheet Y
aluminium object X
aluminium sheet Y
aluminium object X

Which of the following are the advantages of anodizing aluminium?

(1) It enables aluminium to be dyed readily.
(2) It makes aluminium stronger.
(3) It increases the corrosion resistance of aluminium.
A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)

Which of the following substances are made of anodized aluminium?

(1) Milk bottle caps
(2) Window frames
(3) Bumpers of cars

A
B
C
D

(1) and (2) only

(1) and (3) only
(2) and (3) only
(1), (2) and (3)