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Canonical and Standard Forms of Boolean Expression

This document discusses Boolean algebra and logic circuits. It begins by stating the objectives of differentiating and simplifying Boolean expressions using theorems and properties of Boolean algebra. It then defines canonical and standard forms such as minterms, maxterms, and provides examples of expressing Boolean functions in sum of minterms and product of maxterms. The document also discusses different logic families such as TTL, ECL, MOS, CMOS and their characteristics including fan-out, power dissipation, propagation delay, and noise margin. Tables are provided comparing these characteristics across logic families.

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FrancisNavarro
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156 views

Canonical and Standard Forms of Boolean Expression

This document discusses Boolean algebra and logic circuits. It begins by stating the objectives of differentiating and simplifying Boolean expressions using theorems and properties of Boolean algebra. It then defines canonical and standard forms such as minterms, maxterms, and provides examples of expressing Boolean functions in sum of minterms and product of maxterms. The document also discusses different logic families such as TTL, ECL, MOS, CMOS and their characteristics including fan-out, power dissipation, propagation delay, and noise margin. Tables are provided comparing these characteristics across logic families.

Uploaded by

FrancisNavarro
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 15

Mark P.

Melegrito, PECE

Objectives
Differentiate and simplify the forms

of
Boolean expression, applying the
basic theorems and properties of
Boolean Algebra and implement them
in logic circuits.
Differentiate the types of Boolean
expressions.

Canonical and Standard Forms


Minterms
(Standard
Product)
0 = Primed
1 = Unprimed

Maxterms
(Standard Sum)
0 = Unprimed
1 = Primed

x
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1

y
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1

z
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1

Minterms
Term Designation
x'y'z'
m0
x'y'z
m1
x'yz'
m2
x'yz
m3
xy'z'
m4
xy'z
m5
xyz'
m6
xyz
m7

Maxterms
Term Designation
x+y+z
M0
x + y + z'
M1
x + y' + z
M2
x + y' + z'
M3
x' + y + z
M4
x' + y + z'
M5
x' + y' + z
M6
x' + y' + z'
M7

Example: Express f1 as sum of


minterms
x

f1

f2

Boolean functions
expressed as Sum of
Minterms (SOP) or
Product of Maxterms
(POS)are said to be in
Canonical form.

Example
Express the Boolean function F = A + BC in a sum of
minterms.
Solution:

Product of Maxterms
Expression must be first brought down into a
form of OR term. This maybe done by using the
distributive law.
x+ yz = (x + y)(x + z)
Then any missing term x in any OR term is
ORed with xx.
Example:
Express F = xy + xz into Product of Maxterms
Solution:

Conversion between Canonical


Forms

IC Digital Logic Families


TTL ( Transistor Transistor Logic)
TTL has an extensive list of digital functions and is
currently the most popular logic family. TTLs are
usually distinguished by numerical designation as
the 5400 and 7400 series, some vendors use
different designations such as 9000 or 8000 series.
ECL ( Emitter Coupled Logic)
ECL is used in systems requiring high speed
operations. The most common ECL type is
designated in the 10, 000 series. ECL gate have
three terminals for power supply. Vcc1 & Vcc2 are
usually converted to ground and VEE to a 5.2 V
supply.

MOS (Metal Oxide


2
Semiconductor) and I L
(Integrated Injection Logic)
used in circuits requiring high component density.

CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor)


are used in systems requiring low power consumption.
CMOS circuit of 4000 series is the common example.
Positive and Negative Logic
a) Positive logic: (logic 1 = high value, logic 0 = low value.)
b) Negative logic: (logic 0 = high value, logic 1 = low
value.)

Special Characteristics
Fan- out - Specifies the number of standard loads
that the output of a gate can drive without impairing its
normal operation. Sometimes the term loading is
used instead of fan- out.
Power Dissipation is the supplied power required to
operate the gate. This is expressed in milliwatts (mW)
and represents the actual power dissipated in the gate.
Propagation Delay is the average transition delay
time for a signal to propagate from input to output
when the binary signal change value. The signal
through a gate take a certain amount of time to
propagate from the input to the output. This interval of
time is usually expressed in nanoseconds (nS).

Special Characteristics
Noise Margin is the max. noise voltage added to the
input signal of a digital circuit that does not cause an
undesirable change in the circuit output.
Noise undesirable signal
1. DC Noise cause by drift in the voltage levels.
2. AC Noise random pulse created by other
switching signals.
Noise margin is expressed in Volts and
represents the maximum noise signal that can be
tolerated by the gate.

Special Characteristics
IC Logic Family

FAN OUT

Power
Dissipation
(mW)

Propagation
Delay (nS)

Noise Margin
(V)

Standard TTL

10

10

10

0.4

SCHOTTKY TTL

10

22

0.4

Low Power
SCHOTTKY TTL

20

10

0.4

ECL

25

25

0.2

CMOS

50

0.1

25

Activity #7

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