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Operations On Real Numbers: Lesson 2.2

The document discusses basic operations on real numbers including absolute value, opposites, addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. It defines key concepts such as absolute value being a number's distance from 0 on the number line. It provides examples for how to calculate sums, differences, products, and quotients while applying rules for signed numbers, like the product of two numbers with the same sign is positive and with unlike signs is negative. Division by zero is defined as undefined.

Uploaded by

Derek Earl M. Bocar
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© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
13K views

Operations On Real Numbers: Lesson 2.2

The document discusses basic operations on real numbers including absolute value, opposites, addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. It defines key concepts such as absolute value being a number's distance from 0 on the number line. It provides examples for how to calculate sums, differences, products, and quotients while applying rules for signed numbers, like the product of two numbers with the same sign is positive and with unlike signs is negative. Division by zero is defined as undefined.

Uploaded by

Derek Earl M. Bocar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 21

Operations on

Real Numbers
Lesson 2.2

Absolute Value Operation

A numbers distance from 0 on the number


line is called the absolute value of the
number.
Example:
3 units

-4

-3

-2

-1

3 units

Therefore |3| = 3 and |-3| = 3.


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College Algebra - Asia Pacific College

Opposites

Two numbers located on opposite sides of


the number line and with same absolute
value are called opposites of each other.
Example:
3 units

-4

-3

-2

-1

3 units

The numbers 3 and -3 are opposite of each other.


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College Algebra - Asia Pacific College

Opposites

The opposite of 0 is 0.
Every number has a unique opposite.
The minus sign - which is used to signify
negative is also used to signify opposite.
Note that the words negative and opposite
are often used interchangeably
Example:
-(9) = -9 the opposite of 9 is negative 9

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College Algebra - Asia Pacific College

Opposite of an Opposite

For any number a,


-(-a) = a.
Examples:
-(-12) = 12
-(-0.5) = 0.5
-(-(-8)) = -8

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College Algebra - Asia Pacific College

Absolute Value Operation

Using opposites, we can give a symbolic


definition of absolute value
a if a is positive or zero
| a |
a if a is negative
Example:
If a = 7, since 7 is positive, then
| 7 | = 7.
If a = -7, since -7 is negative, then
|-7| = -(-7) = 7.

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College Algebra - Asia Pacific College

Addition Operation

Sum of Two Numbers with Like Signs


To find the sum of two numbers with same sign:
Add their absolute values.
The sum has the same sign as the original
number.
Examples:

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6 + 7 = 13
(-5) + (-9) = -14

College Algebra - Asia Pacific College

Addition Operation

Sum of Two Numbers with Unlike Signs


To find the sum of two numbers with unlike signs:
Subtract their absolute values.
If the larger absolute value is positive, then the
sum is positive.
If the larger absolute value is negative, then the
sum is negative.
Examples:

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-7 + 10 = 3
-8 + 5 = -3
College Algebra - Asia Pacific College

Addition Operation

Sum of Opposites
For any number a,
a + (-a) = -a + a = 0
For this reason, a and a are called additive
inverses of each other.
Examples:

9 June 2011

-5 + 5 = 0
8 + (-8) = 0

College Algebra - Asia Pacific College

Addition Operation
Examples:

-6 + 13 = 7
-9 + (-7) = -16
2 + (-2) = 0
-35.4 + 2.51 = -32.89
-7 + 0.05 = -6.95

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College Algebra - Asia Pacific College

10

Addition Operation
Example:

a c ad bc

Recall simple addition of fractions:
b d
bd

1 3 4 15


5 4 20 20

4 ( 15)

20
11
11

20
20
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College Algebra - Asia Pacific College

11

Subtraction Operation

For any real numbers a and b, subtracting b


from a means
a b = a + (-b)
Examples:
10 4 = 10 + (-4) = 6
10 (-7) = 10 + 7 = 17
-7 3 = -7 + (-3) = -10
8 (-5) = 8 + (-(-5)) = 8 + 5 = 13
48 99 = 48 + (-99) = -51

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College Algebra - Asia Pacific College

12

Multiplication Operation

The result of multiplying two numbers is


called the product of the numbers.
The numbers multiplied are factors.
The product of a and b may be written as

ab
ab
a(b) = (a)(b) = (a)b

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College Algebra - Asia Pacific College

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Multiplication Operation

Multiplication is just a short way of repeated


addition.

52 = 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 = 10
5 times

5(-2) = (-2) + (-2) + (-2) +(-2) +(-2) = -10


5 times

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College Algebra - Asia Pacific College

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Multiplication Operation

Product of Signed Numbers


To find the product of two nonzero real numbers:
Multiply their absolute values
If numbers have the same sign, the product is
positive.
If numbers have the unlike signs, the product is
negative.

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College Algebra - Asia Pacific College

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Multiplication Operation
Examples:

2(8) = 16
(-3)(-6) = 18
-4(10) = -40
7(-3) = -21

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College Algebra - Asia Pacific College

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Multiplication Operation
Example:

a c ac

Recall multiplication of fractions:
b d bd

4 1
(4)(1)
4

9 5
(9)(5)
45

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College Algebra - Asia Pacific College

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Division Operation

Every nonzero real number a has


1
multiplicative inverse or reciprocal
a
such that
1 1
a a 1.
a a
Examples:
1

2 1
2

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3 5
1
5 3
College Algebra - Asia Pacific College

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Division Operation

For any real numbers a and b with b 0, the


division a by b means

1
a b a
b

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College Algebra - Asia Pacific College

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Division Operation
Examples:

1 60
60 (2) 60
30
2 2

48
3
2
24 24
16
3
2
3

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College Algebra - Asia Pacific College

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Division by Zero

Division by zero are said to be undefined.


Examples:

5
50
0

is undefined.

0
00
0

is undefined.

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College Algebra - Asia Pacific College

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