Waste management & pollution control

What is Waste Management?

Waste management is the collection, transport, processing, recycling or
disposal, and monitoring of waste materials The term usually relates to materials
produced by human activity, and is generally undertaken to reduce their effect on
health, the environment or aesthetics.
Waste is generally defined as "something, which is not put into proper usage
at a given time". As the population increases, the amount of waste generated also
increases. The accumulation and improper disposal of waste leads to environmental
pollution and accelerates the spread of communicable diseases. Of the 52,000 tones
of solid waste generated per day, only 2,832 tones of waste gets to be treated.
Waste can generally be categorized according to its origin as
1. Domestic waste

2. Hospital wastes.

3. Industrial waste.

All the cities and towns produce large amounts of solid waste whose disposal is
the main problem. Every Indian generates about 250 - 300 gm. of waste per day.
Mumbai, the largest garbage generator in India, produces 5000 tons of waste per
day. Improper disposal of this waste results in diseases like diarrhea, malaria and
even epidemics like plague. It provides a good breeding ground for vectors which
carry fatal diseases.
Waste management aims at curtailing the waste from the initial stage of
production. Wastes could be managed by making the manufacturing process
efficient, reusing the waste generated and by recycling the waste products.

Types of waste management

1. Solid waste

4.food waste

2. Domestic waste

5.food waste

3. Industrial waste

6. Chemical waste

Pollution
Pollution is the introduction of contaminants into an environment that causes
instability, disorder, harm or discomfort to the ecosystem i.e. physical systems or
living organisms
Pollution can take the form of chemical substances, or energy, such as noise,
heat, or light. Pollutants, the elements of pollution, can be foreign substances or
energies, or naturally occurring; when naturally occurring, they are considered
contaminants when they exceed natural levels.

Types of pollution:
Air Pollution

Water Pollution

Land Pollution

Noise Pollution

Radioactive Pollution

Thermal Pollution

Solid waste may be classified based partly content & partly on moisture
& calorific value of its contents.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Garbage:- moisture-70% , calorific value:-6x10 6 J/kg

Rubbish:- moisture-25%, calorific value- 15x10 6 J/kg
Pathological wastes:- moisture-85%, calorific value-2.5x10 6 J/kg
Industrial waste.
Agricultural waste

Solid waste is major source of pollution such as air, water and

land.
To understand more about waste management we planned a visit to compost
plant of Nasik municipal named as solid waste management which is one of the
successful plants not only in Maharashtra but also in India

Solid waste:Solid Waste is that material that arises from various human activities and which is
normally discarded as useless or unwanted. It consists of the highly heterogeneous
mass of discarded materials from the urban community as well as the more
homogeneous accumulation of agricultural, industrial and mining waste. Waste is
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material, which is one cause to produce pollution. Due to this various type of waste,
atmospheric pollution percentage is increased. Therefore waste management is
important in our life.

Objective of solid waste management:

1. Improve

planning and management of solid waste sites in rural areas.

2. Reduce or eliminate pollution of water resources in rural areas.

The Five Step Waste Management Analysis

Analysis
The first step in the process involves developing a waste management solution that
meets the customers' requirements and continually monitoring the solution over time

Collection
The visibility of the service provided by Wanless is viewed at the time of waste
collection. The waste management solution will indicate the type of vehicle required
to service the bin.

Transportation
Wanless Enviro Services is largely a transportation company; providing a courier
service for waste resources. Wanless employs a fleet of vehicles to waste and
recycling collections: front lift trucks, rear lift trucks, and hook trucks.

Recovery
The waste that Wan less collects is transported to a processing facility, commonly
called Resource Recovery Centers (RRC) or Material Recovery Facility (MRF).
These facilities sort the waste resources that are collected using both automated and
manual processes. Once the items are sorted into piles of like materials, the
resources are packaged for transportation to the next phase - recyclable items are

sent to a recycling facility; or non-recyclable items or general waste is disposed at

landfill.

Recycling / Disposal
Depending on the type of material will depend on whether it is recycled or
disposed of at landfill. Wan less makes all attempts to ensure recyclable waste is
recycled and is diverted away from landfill. Non Recyclables like General Waste are
disposed of at landfill

Solid waste management system of Nasik municipal

Process is mainly conducted in to three parts:1. Processing platform:The every incoming garbage this about 200 tones and 600-800 gm per ton of
Bio-culture is spread on the garbage and accumulated.
After weeks time the same garbage which is sprayed by bio-culture is placed
to some other place from its original place. The above process is followed from 4
times that means for 30 days. During this process the composition takes place and
moisture is maintained by pouring water and leachet.
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When the complete process from the above is followed we get 40% of
compost from 100% of garbage. During processing of waste, the high amount of
leachet is leave as a bi-product which is highly methane contains which hazardous to
environment it should be treated by sewage treatment plant.
Cogeneration:-with the help of sewage treatment plant, methane is obtained which is
stored and use as a fuel for gas generator. This generator produce electricity

2. Machinery or screening section:

On going through above process same garbage is passed 35mm screening
machine and after that 16mm screening machine and due to this unwanted garbage
is thrown in side. For the further compostment the same garbage is kept in the go
down for 15 days. And again is passed through 5mm screening machine. With the
help of blower fine stones, iron breakouts are separated. Finally 50kg of compost is
filled in gunny bag for sealing in market.

3. Landfill site:
The unwanted materials which were thrown out during the screening which
are made of synthetic material also. Are gathered together in landfill site. According
to the norms of2000 this landfill site is selected a pothole is made and after this a
thin polythen sheet is placed over the sheet. Then a layer of pebbles is put. Then the
unwanted garbage is placed over the layer of pebbles Again same process I. e. 1
foot pebbles putting over 1m layer of garbage and the polythene is placed over it, in
such a way that a packing is formed. When the packing is done, pipes are placed at
10 foot for the air circulation (ventilation) and for the discharge of the methane gas to
the atmosphere.
If pipes are not provided, in the summer season the packing will absorb the
heat which internally will start heating the garbage also. So if the temperature in the
packing i.e. garbage reach up to 70-75C. It will give a cause to burning of the
packing.

Collecting garbage and its transportation:

As we all are aware that from the complete garbage only 40% is converted
in to the compost & 60% is the leftover. Hence the government suggests all the
civilians to keep two garbage cans:1 In which the compost garbage can be thrown.
2. The leftover garbage can is thrown.
Due to the above procedure the composted garbage can directly be taken to the
landfill site, which will help in reducing the cost of the plant.

Dumping-yard processing platform:

In the rainy season there are more chance of getting a higher percentage of
compost material about 50%-60%. The garbage which is wet con not be screened
for the landfill land. When the rain water fall on this, latchet water come out of it
which is in high amount-due to this water is flown to the wells & bore wells & land.
This causes pollution of water.

Solid waste plant selection criteria:

The site selected for the compost plant is where there are no gutters around.
Some time the latchet water is in such a quantity that even the sewage treatment
plant cannot work over it; hence the planting has to be done for from the rivers, wells
& blowers.
The sewage treatment plant is used only for 4 months and 8 months it is off.
Due to this there is a possibility of the machine breakdown & maintenance of this
machine is costly. So, it is not suitable for regular process.
There is one solution from getting away from the latchet is to build a shed over the
garbage material. So, as to decrease the cost.

Composting machinery plant:

During the use of machinery maintenance period is required & at the time all
machinery work is stop while daily work remain rest And consequently the amount of
waste is increases out of limit for there stand by machinery should install as
required. In this plant the production of compost is made to recover cost of waste
management.

Factor consideration while planting compost plant:

1. Standby screening machine.
2. Standby vehicle.
3. Standby supply of electricity.
4. Plant should fully have roof on platform, screening section.
5. Adequate no of workers.
6. Maximum help of ragpeakars.
7. To overcome the cost of plant, all citizen and ragpeakars should participate and
dry waste should be stored in separately. And should be collected by ghantagadi
also separately.
8. Plant established should be such as to complete regular routine within 8 hours.

Worker strength:
The environment of plant is fully dusted so the care should be taken with the health.
According to nature of man it avoid the work in such plant or they not give fulfill of
there work. All the staff and worker should provide the medical facilities, incentive,&
increment in their salary.

Statistical data of Nasik Municipal Corporation: Compost plant turns over

from 2001-2007

Characteristic of municipal solid waste of Nasik:

Conclusion:
Waste management plant is not only functioning to manage the waste but also to
open the source of income in the form of compost, biogas, combustible bricks, etc.
having demand in market. It can be established by private organization as it is easy
to produce compost. The concept and this project are very useful and is certainly a
lucrative area for upcoming entrepreneurs.

Reference:1. www.wikipedia.in
2. www. Gdrc.org
3. Web.worldank.org
4. www.envfor.nic.in
5. Basic civil and environmental engineering. (www.techmaxbooks.com)
6. Nasik Municipal Corporation, Nasik