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Refining Technology Workbook Experiment 01

This document describes an experiment to determine the melting point of petroleum wax using the cooling curve method. Molten wax is cooled in a test tube submerged in a water bath, and its temperature is recorded every 30 seconds. The melting point is identified as the plateau of five consecutive, equal temperature readings, as the wax transitions from liquid to solid. For the given sample of petroleum wax, the melting point was determined to be 59°C based on the recorded temperature readings.

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Muhammad Mohtashim
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50 views

Refining Technology Workbook Experiment 01

This document describes an experiment to determine the melting point of petroleum wax using the cooling curve method. Molten wax is cooled in a test tube submerged in a water bath, and its temperature is recorded every 30 seconds. The melting point is identified as the plateau of five consecutive, equal temperature readings, as the wax transitions from liquid to solid. For the given sample of petroleum wax, the melting point was determined to be 59°C based on the recorded temperature readings.

Uploaded by

Muhammad Mohtashim
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Refining Technology Workbook

EXPERIMENT 01

Object:
To determine the Melting Point of petroleum Wax by Cooling Curve Method (ASTM D87)

Apparatus:
Test Tube, Water Bath & Thermometer

Theory:
Melting point (cooling curve) of petroleum wax: The temperature at which melted petroleum wax first shows a
minimum rate of temperature change when allowed to cool under prescribed conditions.
Melting point (cooling curve) is a test that is widely used by wax suppliers and consumers. It is particularly applied
to petroleum waxes that are rather highly paraffinic or crystalline in nature. The test is particularly applicable to
substances that are rather highly paraffinic or crystalline in nature.

Procedure:

Fill the water bath with water at a temperature of 16 to 28C.


The bath temperature is kept within these limits throughout the test.
Heat the wax sample at which the wax is completely molten
Insert the melting point thermometer through the center of a cork.
Read the melting point thermometer for every 30 s.
Observe the progress of these sequential readings to determine the appearance of the plateau.
Identify the plateau as the first five consecutive readings.

Observation:
Time
Temperatur
S. No. (sec)
e C
1
0
83
2
30
77
3
60
70
4
90
64
5
120
61.5
6
150
59
7
180
59
8
210
59
9
240
59
10
270
55
11
300
52
12
330
48

Refining Technology Workbook

Cooling Curve
90
80
70
60
50
Temperature C

Temperature

40
30
20
10
0
0

50 100 150 200 250 300 350


Time (Sec)

Result:
Melting point of given Petroleum Wax is found to be 59 C.

Refining Technology Workbook

The homogenous part of a heterogeneous system separated by a distinguishable


boundary is known as a phase. A phase of matter is uniform with respect to its
physical and chemical properties. Matter undergoes phase transitions to change
from one phase to another. The primary phases of matter are solids, liquids, gases.
The distinct forms the matter in different phases can take are considered as a state
of matter. Three classic states of matter are solid, liquid and gas. Matter changes
state depending on their internal energy level and the temperature, which is an
indicator of the internal energy.
Phase diagrams plot pressure (typically in atmospheres) versus temperature
(typically in degrees Celsius or Kelvin). The labels on the graph represent the stable
states of a system in equilibrium. The lines represent the combinations of pressures
and temperatures at which two phases can exist in equilibrium, these lines define
phase change points. The line which divides the solid and gas phases represents

Refining Technology Workbook


sublimation (solid to gas) and deposition (gas to solid). The line which divides the
solid and liquid phases represents melting (solid to liquid) and freezing (liquid to
solid). The line which divides the liquid and gas phases represents vaporization
(liquid to gas) and condensation (gas to liquid). There are also two important points
on the diagram, the triple point and the critical point. The triple point represents the
combination of pressure and temperature that facilitates all phases of matter to coexist. The critical point is the point on a phase diagram at which the substance is
indistinguishable between liquid and gaseous states.
Heat of fusion is the heat required by the body to change its state from solid to
liquid. Heat of vaporization is the heat required by the body to change the
temperature from liquid to gas. The temperature during a phase change is constant
because the energy supplied to the matter during phase change is used to
overcome the attractive forces between molecules rather than increasing the kinetic
energy.

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