Introduction

Sometimes a river receives a lot of extra water, either from lots of rain or other natural
disasters. When this happens, the water overflows from its normal path in the river bed and
possibly onto dry land. This is called a flood.During a flood, people should move themselves and
their most precious belongings to higher ground quickly. The process of leaving homes behind in
search of a safe place is called evacuation.
Flooding has many impacts. It damages property and endangers the lives of humans and
other species. Rapid water runoff causes soil erosion and concomitant sediment deposition
elsewhere (such as further downstream or down a coast). The spawning grounds for fish and
other wildlife habitats can become polluted or completely destroyed. Some prolonged high
floods can delay traffic in areas which lack elevated roadways. Floods can interfere with
drainage and economical use of lands, such as interfering with farming. Structural damage can
occur in bridge abutments, bank lines, sewer lines, and other structures within floodways.
Waterway navigation and hydroelectric power are often impaired. Financial losses due to floods are
typically millions of dollars each year, with the worst floods in recent U.S. history having cost
billions of dollars.
So, for our proposal, we focused on the effect that endangers the lives of human. We will
focus on survival during the flood or accidents which occur in deep water. The target is to reduce
the lost of life causes by drowning.

Study and Research

Drowning accounts for 75% of deaths in flood disasters. Flood disasters are becoming more
frequent and this trend is expected to continue. Drowning risks increase with floods particularly
in low- and middle-income countries where people live in flood prone areas and the ability to
warn, evacuate, or protect communities from floods is weak or only just developing.
Drowning itself is quick and silent, although it may be preceded by distress which is more visible
A person drowning is unable to shout or call for help, or seek attention, as they cannot obtain
enough air. The instinctive drowning response is the final set of autonomic reactions in the 20 60
seconds before sinking underwater, and to the untrained eye can look similar to calm safe
behavior. Lifeguards and other persons trained in rescue learn to recognize drowning people by
watching for these movements.
If you were to rank, by importance, the risk factors that contribute to drowning and near-drowning, the
list would look like this:
1. Inability to swim or overestimation of swimming capabilities
2. Risk-taking behavior
3. Trauma (such as a physical injury), seizures, stroke, heart attack or heart arrhythmia
4. "Shallow water blackout" in which swimmers hyperventilate in order to swim longer under
water. This can lead to a lack of oxygen in the brain and loss of consciousness.(7)
5. Hypothermia, or lowered body temperature. This can lead to heart arrhythmia and rapid
exhaustion.

Emergency Floating Device

There are few types of emergency personal floating device such as;

Buoyancy aid (foam core)

Life jacket
Survivor suit
Buoyancy compensator

their variations suited for particular purposes. They are most commonly made of a tough synthetic
fiber material encapsulating a source of buoyancy, such as foam or a chamber of air, and are often
brightly colored yellow or orange to maximize visibility for rescuers. Some devices consist of a
combination of both buoyancy foam and an air chamber. Retroreflective "SOLAS" tape is often sewn to
the fabric used to construct life jackets and PFDs to facilitate a person being spotted in darkness when a
search light is shone towards the wearer.
The device were proposing suitable for any situation involving water survival.

Material
For making a float we used hypalon material. Hypalon is trademark for chlorosulfonated
polyethylene (CSPE) synthethic rubber (CSM) noted for its resistance to chemicals, temperature
extreames and ultraviolet light. It was a product of Du Pont Performance Elastomer, a subsidiary
of Du Pont. The most important thing it is light compared other materials.
Along with PVC, CSM is one of the most common materials used to make inflatable boats and
folding kayaks. It is also used in roofing materials and as a surface coat materials on randomes
owing to its radar transparent quality.

features include:
Flame resistance
Excellent color stability
Weather and abrasion resistance
Low moisture absorption
Good dielectric qualities
High abrasion resistance
Excellent resistance to oxidation and has outstanding resistance to atmospheric conditions

and in particular strong sunlight and ozone.

Temperature Range: -35 C to +140 C.
CSM compounds resist fire and are self extinguishing.
Resistance to chemicals; resistant to most inorganic chemical products, good resistance to
general acids, oils and greases.

For a tracking device, we

use GSM GPRS GPS Tracker

Features:

Build-in GPS
personal locator.
GSM/SMS
communication or GPRS TCP/UDP
connection.
Works
worldwide.
High sensitivity,
New technology and latest GPS SiRF-Star
III chipset.
Excellent for
fixing the position even at a weak signal
status.
Works well even
in areas
with limited like
urban
canyons.
Support single location and continuous tracking.
Support location triggered by tracker.
Support location triggered by authorized cell phone.
Support alarm and remote monitor.
Support quick dialing buttons for 2 preset phone numbers.
Support check location by SMS and Internet.
Real-Time tracking
Locate the locator holder by the mobile phone via SMS.
SOS button send out exact location for immediate rescue/action.
Geo-fencing to restrict movement to a defined radius.
Compact size, and smaller than a name card
Very Low power consumption.
2 Chargeable Changeable 3.7V 800mAh Li-ion batteries included.
Extremly long stadby time, up to 96 hours.
Low power alert.
Fast Signal Acquisition.

Specifications:

Band: 900/1800/1900MHz
Network: GSM/GPRS
GPS Chip: SIRF3 Chip
GPS Sensitivity: -159dBm
GPS accuracy: 5m
Time to First Fix: 45s (for Cold status); 35s (for Warm status); 1s (for Hot status)
Wall Charger: 110-220V input 5V output (US standard)
Battery: Chargeable Changeable 3.7V 800mAh Li-ion battery (2 batteries included)
Standby Time: 96 hours
Storage Temp: -40 Degree to +85 Degree
Operation Temp: -20 Degree to +55 Degree
Humidity: 5%--95% non-condensing

Product dimensions: 64*45*15mm

Net weight: 50g

Production Cost

2 Hypalon fabrics (sizes 80cm * 80 cm)

RM102.40

Garmin GTU tracking device

RM 80.00

Rope

RM 24.00

Total

RM326.40

Advantages

Portable
People with different body size and type can use it as long as does not exceed limit

because it does not require the person to wear it, they need to hold to the rope.
The bright color and the tracking device can help tracking people during flood or

accidents.
Can be use for rescuing mission by throwing the bag, to drowning person with the rope

tied to it.
When compare to life jacket, this device is better because it has multi-function which is it

can be use as a bag, a personal emergency float and can also be use as a rescuing device.
The time taken to prepare it also shorter compare to life jacket where you need to wear it

properly.
Compare to other emergency floatation device, it does not consume to much space. And it
also have higher buoyancy.

For a tracking device, we use Mini GPS People Tracking Device Support SOS Function Band: GSM
850/900/1800/1900MHz.
People Tracking Device
mini size (86mm x 46mm x 18mm)
900mAh battery, long standby time
LBS+GPS double tracking solution
Voice monitor, two way communication
Fast call 3 pre set phone numbers
Portable GPS tracker
Sleep by time / shock sensor, deep sleep, awake at specific time, multi power saving mode
Location based service(LBS) + GPS double real time tracking solution
SOS button,cycle call and reports its location to authorized phone
GPS blind area, movement, geo-fence, low battery alert
Built-in memory for 16,000 positions
SMS tracking on cellphone with google maps link,Absolute street address by SMS

For a tracking device, we used Garmin GTU 10 Tracking Device. GTU 10 has USB port for easy
charging and syncing with computer and smartphones. It is defining feature, however, is its
geofences barriers. Whenever a driver crosses these limits, the device sends a notification to
user via smartphone or computer program. GTU 10s also water resistance which is can adapt in
a place where surrounded with water.
The GTU 10s battery lasts up to a month depending on the frequency with which the user
required updates.