MSB X | Science and Technology

Sample Paper 1 Solution

Maharashtra State Board

Class X Science and Technology
Sample Paper 1 Solution
Time: 3 hrs

Max. Marks: 80
SECTION A

1. (A)
(1)
(i) Generator
(ii) Hydrocarbons
(2)
(i) True
(ii) False (Global warming is the most undesirable aspect of the intensified
greenhouse effect.)
(3)
(i) Industrial waste
(B)
(1) 0.025 V
(2) Speed
(3) Ohms law
(4) NaOH solution

CaO + CO2
(5) CaCO3

2.
(1) Solution:
Data: I = 0.1 A, R = 50 , t = 2 minutes
= 2 60 s = 120 s, H = ?
H = I2Rt = (0.1 A)2 50 120 s
= 0.01 50 120 J = 60 J
Heat generated = 60 joules

www.topperlearning.com

MSB X | Science and Technology

Sample Paper 1 Solution

(2) Fleming's left-hand rule:

Stretch the forefinger, the central finger (middle finger) and the thumb of your left
hand mutually perpendicular (i.e. perpendicular to each other). If the forefinger
shows the direction of the magnetic field and the central finger shows the direction
of current, then the thumb will point towards the direction of the motion of the
conductor carrying the current.

(3) Refraction of light observed in the atmosphere:

When a ray of light passes obliquely from an optically rarer medium to an optically
denser medium, it bends towards the normal at the point of incidence. In the
opposite case, the ray bends away from the normal. The atmosphere is never static.
Air is mobile and its density and temperature are not uniform. As a result, in
general, the path of a ray of light through the atmosphere of varying refractive index
is a curve. The refractive index of cool air is greater than that of hot air. Atmospheric
refraction of light results in many interesting optical phenomena such as twinkling
of stars, advanced sunrise and delayed sunset, mirage and flickering of an object
seen through a turbulent stream of hot air rising from a fire.

(4) Oxidation and Reduction:

Oxidation
1. The chemical reaction in which
reactants gain oxygen or lose
hydrogen is called oxidation.
2. A reducing agent undergoes
oxidation.

www.topperlearning.com

Reduction
1. The chemical reaction in which
reactants gain hydrogen or lose
oxygen is called reduction.
2. An oxidising agent undergoes
reduction.

MSB X | Science and Technology

Sample Paper 1 Solution
(5)
(i) Mica is a bad conductor of electricity and a good conductor of heat.
(ii) In an electric iron, a coil of high resistance is kept between mica sheets so that
there is no electrical contact between the coil and the heavy metal block of iron
though there is heat transfer. This protects the user from getting an electric
shock.
(6)
(i) Displacement reaction: The reaction in which a more reactive element displaces
another element having less reactivity from its compound is called a
displacement reaction.
(ii) Rancidity: Fats and oils in food, if kept for long time, get oxidised and become
rancid and their smell and taste change. This process is known as rancidity.
3.
(1) Construction of a DC generator:

(i) Armature coil (ABCD): It consists of a large number of turns of insulated copper
wire wound on an iron core in a rectangular shape.
(ii) Strong magnet: The armature coil is placed in between the two pole pieces
(N and S) of a strong magnet which produces a strong magnetic field.
(iii) Split rings or commutator: It consists of two halves, R1 and R2, of a metallic ring to
which the ends of the armature coil are connected.
(iv) Brushes: Two carbon brushes, B1and B2, are used to press the commutator.
(v) Bulb: The output of the generator is shown by the electric bulb connected across
the brushes. The bulb glows when there is a current in the circuit.
www.topperlearning.com

MSB X | Science and Technology

Sample Paper 1 Solution

(2)
(i) The sunrise is advanced due to the atmospheric refraction of sunlight. An observer
on the Earth sees the Sun two minutes before the Sun reaches the horizon. A ray of
sunlight entering the Earth's atmosphere follows a curved path due to atmospheric
refraction before reaching the Earth. This happens due to a gradual variation in the
refractive index of the atmosphere. For an observer on the Earth, the apparent
position of the Sun is slightly higher than the actual position. Hence, the Sun is seen
before it reaches the horizon.

(ii) The increased atmospheric refraction of sunlight occurs also at sunset. In this case,
the observer on the Earth continues to see the setting Sun for two minutes after the
Sun has dipped below the horizon, thus delaying the sunset. The advanced sunrise
and delayed sunset increase the duration of the day by four minutes.

www.topperlearning.com

MSB X | Science and Technology

Sample Paper 1 Solution

(3) Depending on the intensity, frequency and duration of exposure to noise, the impact
of noise pollution on the human body is of the following nature:
(i) Auditory effect: This effect results in auditory fatigue and deafness.
(ii) Non-auditory effects: Communication interference, sleep interference,
concentration interference, annoyance, ill-temper, violent behaviour, mental
disorientation, bickering and loss of working efficiency.
(iii) Physiological effects: Nausea, fatigue, anxiety, visual disturbances, insomnia,
hypertension and cardiovascular diseases.
(4) Merits of the Modern Periodic Table over Mendeleevs Periodic Table:
(1) All isotopes of the same elements have different masses but the same atomic
number. Hence, they occupy the same position in the modern periodic table.
(2) Because elements are arranged according to their atomic numbers in the modern
periodic table, the anomaly of elements such as cobalt and nickel in Mendeleev's
periodic table disappears. The atomic numbers of cobalt and nickel are 27 and 28,
respectively. Therefore, nickel is placed after cobalt.
(3) Elements are classified according to their electronic configuration into different
blocks such as the s-block, the p-block, the d-block and the f-block elements.
(5) The reaction which involves simultaneous oxidation and reduction is called an
oxidationreduction or redox reaction. In a redox reaction, one reactant gets oxidised,
while the other gets reduced during the reaction. When barium sulphate is treated
with red hot coke, black barium sulphide and carbon monoxide are obtained.

During this reaction, BaSO4 loses oxygen; hence, it is reduced. At the same time,
carbon (coke) gains oxygen; hence, it is oxidised. Thus, BaS04 gets reduced and carbon
(coke) gets oxidised.

www.topperlearning.com

MSB X | Science and Technology

Sample Paper 1 Solution

(6)
(1) The tendency of an atom to lose electrons from its outermost shell to form a
positively charged ion is called metallic character.
(2) In a period, from left to right, as electrons are added to the same shell and
experience greater pull from the nucleus, atomic size decreases and the release of
an electron becomes difficult. Hence, metallic character decreases from left to
right in a period.
Example: In the 2nd period, lithium is the most metallic.

In the 3rd period, sodium is the most metallic element.

www.topperlearning.com

MSB X | Science and Technology

Sample Paper 1 Solution

4.
(1) When two or more resistors are joined at the same end, the resistances are
connected in parallel.

The potential difference in parallel remains the same across all the resistors.
The current is the sum of the currents across all the individual resistors.
(1)
I I1 I2 I3
Let Rp be the resultant resistance of the circuit.
On applying Ohms law to the entire circuit, we get
I

V
Rp

(2)

Now, applying Ohms law to individual resistances, we get

I1

V
R1

I2

V
R2

I3

V
R3

(3)

From equations (1), (2) and (3), we get

V
V
V
V

Rp R1 R2 R3

1
1
1
1

Rp R1 R2 R3

Here, Rp is the resultant resistance. Thus, the reciprocal of the resultant resistance of
a parallel combination of resistors is the sum of reciprocals of individual resistances.
The resultant resistance is lesser than all the resistances.

www.topperlearning.com

MSB X | Science and Technology

Sample Paper 1 Solution

(2) Hypermetropia or long-sightedness is the defect of vision in which a human eye can
see distant objects clearly but is unable to see nearby objects clearly. In this case, the
image of a nearby object would fall behind the retina instead of on the retina.
Possible reasons of hypermetropia:
(i) Ciliary muscles become weak. Hence, the converging power of the eye lens
decreases.
(ii) The distance between the eye lens and the retina decreases (relative to the
normal eye) due to either shortening of the eyeball or flattening of the eye lens.
In this case, the focal length of the eye lens is too large.
Correcting hypermetropia:
Hypermetropia is corrected using a suitable convex lens. Light rays are
converged by the convex lens before they strike the eye lens. A convex lens of
appropriate power is chosen to produce the required convergence. Hence, after
the converging action of the eye lens, the image is formed on the retina.

www.topperlearning.com

MSB X | Science and Technology

Sample Paper 1 Solution

SECTION B
5. (A)
(1) Structural formula of benzene:

(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(B)
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)

www.topperlearning.com

Flower
False. Using a pressure cooker does save a lot of energy.
Sulphur (Sulphur is a non-metal, whereas the others are metals.)
Reuse

Cu < Fe < Zn < Al

CH3COOH
Oxygen
Dehydration
H2

MSB X | Science and Technology

Sample Paper 1 Solution

6.
(1)
(i) Gold and silver are noble metals and are malleable, ductile and lustrous in
nature.
(ii) They are not affected by air, water and acids under normal conditions. Hence,
gold and silver are used to make jewellery.
(2) Saturated hydrocarbons and unsaturated hydrocarbons:
Saturated hydrocarbons
1. In saturated hydrocarbons, the
carbon atoms are linked to each
other only by single
covalent bonds.
2. They contain only a single bond.
3. They are chemically less reactive.
4. Substitution reaction is a
characteristic property of these
hydrocarbons.
5. Their general formula is

Unsaturated hydrocarbons
1. In unsaturated hydrocarbons,
the valencies of carbon atoms
are not fully satisfied by single
covalent bonds.
2. They contain carbon to carbon
double or triple bonds.
3. They are chemically more
reactive.
4. Addition reaction is a
characteristic property
of these hydrocarbons.
5. Their general formula is

(3)
(1) Multiple fission is a type of asexual reproduction seen in Amoeba.
(2) It takes place during unfavourable conditions to produce many daughter
Amoebae at the same time.
(3) Before multiple fission, the Amoeba withdraws its pseudopodia and becomes
round.
(4) It then secretes a hard covering or cyst around itself. The original nucleus
divides rapidly inside the cyst.
(5) Nuclear division is followed by cytoplasmic division, forming many daughter
cells.
(6) During favourable conditions, the cyst breaks open releasing many daughter
cells (Amoebae) at the same time.
(7) Rapid division takes place by multiple fission, and the species survives.

www.topperlearning.com

10

MSB X | Science and Technology

Sample Paper 1 Solution

(4)
(1) Analogous organs are fundamentally different in structure but similar in
function.
(2) Tail fins of a lobster and tail flukes of a whale are analogous to each other.
Structurally, they do not have anything in common, but functionally, both are
used for steering during swimming.
(3) Wings of an insect are made of chitin, while those of a bird have bones. Both
show differences in structure but are similar in function.
(4) Both eyes of arthropods and eyes of vertebrates are organs for vision, but they
are structurally very much unlike.
(5) Analogous organs show evolutionary convergence. They are developed because
animals of different ancestry come to live in the same habitat and adapt
themselves to the environment in which they live.
(6) Analogous organs help us to understand evolution of different animals adapting
to a similar environment. They provide anatomical evidences for studying
evolution.
(5) Draw a neat and labelled diagram of spore formation in Mucor.

(6)
(1) The gametes from the male parent, i.e. sperms from the father are of two types.
One containing 22 autosomes and a single X chromosome and the other
containing 22 autosomes and a single Y chromosome.
(2) The gametes from the mother are all of the same type, containing 22 autosomes
and a single X chromosome.
(3) The sex of the baby will therefore be dependent on the kind of sperm fertilising
the egg.
(4) If X-bearing sperm fertilises the egg, a female child is conceived, whereas if Ybearing sperm fertilises the egg, a male child is conceived. Therefore, in human
beings, the gametes from the male parent decide the sex of the baby.
www.topperlearning.com

11

MSB X | Science and Technology

Sample Paper 1 Solution

7.
(1) The hydrocarbon which contains carbon to carbon triple bonds (C C) is called an
alkyne. The first member of the alkyne family is acetylene (ethyne) (HC CH).
(2) Dirt is oily in nature and oil does not dissolve in water. The molecules of soap are
sodium or potassium salts of long chain carboxylic acids. A soap molecule has a
tadpole structure. Its two ends have different properties. At one end of the soap
molecule, there is a carboxylate ion which is hydrophilic, i.e. water soluble but
insoluble in oil. At the other end, there is a hydrocarbon chain which is
hydrophobic, i.e. insoluble in water but soluble in oil. When soap is mixed with
water, the solution becomes concentrated and causes foaming. The hydrocarbon
chain end of soap, due to attraction, surrounds the dirt and absorbs it. The
carboxylate ion end turns away from the dirt. Thus, soap molecules help in
dissolving the dirt in water and we can wash our clothes clean.

(3) The seven pairs of contrasting traits in pea plant which were studied by
Mendel were as follows:
(1) Stem height: Tall/Dwarf plants
(2) Flower colour: Red/White flowers or Violet/White flowers
(3) Seed shape: Round/Wrinkled seeds
(4) Flower position: Axial/Terminal position of the flower
(5) Pod colour: Green/Yellow coloured pod
(6) Pod shape: Full/Constricted pod
(7) Seed colour: Grey/White colour of seed coat

www.topperlearning.com

12

MSB X | Science and Technology

Sample Paper 1 Solution

(4)
(1) When old or used materials are used again to make new products, it is called
recycling.
(2) Recycling is a type of green technology.
(3) Used paper, glass, plastic etc. can be recycled to produce newer products.
(4) Old, used car tyres can be recycled to make soft surfaces of the playground. This
is done to increase the safety of the children playing on the ground.
Advantages of recycling:
(1) Recycling conserves energy and raw materials.
(2) The space used in landfills can be saved due to recycling.
(3) Recycling protects the environment by effective handling of waste materials.
(4) The cost of production is reduced due to recycling.
(5)
(1) Hydra is a multicellular animal. Budding is a type of asexual reproduction seen
in Hydra.
(2) After Hydra reaches maturity, its body wall forms a rounded growth from the
stalk of the adult. This rounded structure is called a bud.

(3) The bud gradually develops into a miniature Hydra.

(4) The body layers, body cavity and digestive cavity of miniature Hydra are in
continuation with those of the parent Hydra.
(5) This young Hydra remains attached to the adult and obtains nourishment from
the parent Hydra.
(6) After sufficient growth is attained, the base of the new Hydra seals off and this
makes the young Hydra detach from the parent. The young Hydra now takes up
an independent existence.

www.topperlearning.com

13

MSB X | Science and Technology

Sample Paper 1 Solution

(6) The human brain is the most complex structure consisting of three parts
forebrain, midbrain and hindbrain.

(1) Forebrain: The forebrain consists of cerebrum and other parts. The cerebrum is
concerned with thinking and memory. It receives sensory impulses from
various receptors and sense organs. There are three distinct areas in the
cerebrum. They are sensory, association and motor areas. The sensory areas are
special areas for smell, hearing, vision etc. There are association areas for
associating the information received through the sense organs and the
messages to be sent for action. The motor areas look after responses and
actions to be taken by the body. They control the movement of the voluntary
muscles.
(2) Midbrain: The midbrain is the middle part of the brain. It governs some
of the involuntary actions.
(3) Hindbrain: The hindbrain is the hindmost part the brain. It consists of two main
partsmedulla oblongata and cerebellum. The medulla oblongata controls
involuntary actions such heartbeat, breathing, blood circulation etc. The
cerebellum coordinates the voluntary movements and maintains the balance of
the body. For example, riding a bicycle, running or exercising are controlled by
the cerebellum.

www.topperlearning.com

14

MSB X | Science and Technology

Sample Paper 1 Solution

8.
(1) The process in which a metal is destroyed gradually by the action of air, moisture or
a chemical (like an acid) on its surface is called corrosion. The major problem of
corrosion occurs with iron as it is used as a structural material in construction,
bridges and ship building. Iron gets covered by reddish brown flakes when exposed
to atmosphere. This is an example of corrosion. Methods to prevent corrosion of
metals:
(i) Corrosion of a metal can be prevented if the contact between the metal and air
is cut off.
(ii) Corrosion of a metal can be prevented by coating with something which does
not allow moisture and oxygen to react with it.
(iii) A layer of oil or paint or grease is applied on the surface of a metal to prevent
corrosion. The rusting or corrosion of iron can be prevented by this method.
(iv) Corrosion is also prevented by coating a corrosive metal with a non-corrosive
metal.
(v) Galvanising, tinning, electroplating, anodising and alloying are the different
methods in which a metal is coated with a non-corrosive metal to prevent
corrosion.
(2)
(i) Secretion of the male sex hormone testosterone and production of sperms are
the two important functions of the testes.
(ii) Formation of sperms requires lesser temperature than the body temperature.
Therefore, the testes are located outside the abdominal cavity.
(iii) The vas deferens
(iv) The seminal vesicles and prostate glands
(v) The hormone testosterone brings about secondary sexual characters in a boy
and transforms him into a man.

www.topperlearning.com

15