Roth Method of Force Calculation
Roth Method of Force Calculation
List of symbols
A = magnetic vector potential
B magnetic flux density
H = magnetic field strength
/ = current density
V = electric scalar potential
V* = magnetic scalar potential
a, b, c, d, e,f = slot dimensions
m, n = parameters
Cm n = coefficient
x, y = rectangular co-ordinates
X = function of x only
Y = function of y only
J o , J,, Y o , Y,, Z| = oscillatory Bessel functions
fM = permeability
to = angular frequency
Introduction
assumed for all iron boundaries, but, in spite of this simplification, the labours involved are prodigious.
A further paper in 193812 deals with the magnetic field of
Fig. 1
Symmetrical arrangement of conductors in a slot
Armed with the results of this mathematical investigation,
Roth 9 returned to the consideration of the leakage field in
transformers in a long paper published in two sections. He
considered the arrangement of Fig. 2. The boundaries AB,
Fig. 3
Arbitrary arrangement of conductors in a slot
a system of rectangular parallel conductors. Roth first considered a region by flux lines and then relaxed the condition
to allow the discussion to apply to an unbounded region.
windings
core iron
Fig. 2
Transformer window and core
*x2
(2)
2aJ
(6)
sin nf sin ne
AT?
Fxx = ^ and Fy = x
^x
oy
This implies that flux lines are also lines of constant A, and a
plot of A is therefore a flux plot. This enhances the value of
the solution in terms of the vector potential.
4
Fig. 4
Single conductor surrounded by three boundaries of infinite permeability and one boundary which is a flux line
= o at y = 0
7)y
Single conductor in a slot showing the three regions required for the
solution by separation of variables
(3)
. (4)
r"
I cos 2 mjrr/x:
0
= /xJ
cos 2 nydy
(8)
cos mxdx
(7)
cos y</y
T h e variables have separated and solutions are of the form
_ 4ju.y
1
sin md sin we sin nf sin e
*" ~ ~aT m2 + n2
m
n
"
PROC. 1EE, Vol. 114, No. 12, DECEMBER 1967
X = sin mx or cos mx
(5)
Y = sinh my or cosh my
(9)
1971
sin md sin me
m3
sinh m/ sinh me .
sinh m(6
cos mx
cosh mb
X = a or fix
(10)
Y = y or 8y
c o s mx
(11)
Therefore
Jm
and
Jn =
2 f'
,
2J sin md sin me
- \ J c o s mxax =
al
am
J(d - c)
(12)
(13)
Hence, in region 2
t>2/4
^ 4 _ _
yj
sin m
c)x 2
<)y2
)cos mx
(14)
(15)
(23)
(16)
- c)
Kn =
(17)
2a
cos
m3
(18)
where Dm, Em, cc2 and j32 are constants.
In region 1, making use of ^- = 0 at y 0,
A{
(19)
and in region 3
A3 = 2 {(Fm cosh my + Gm sinh m^) cos mx} + a 3 + fi3y
m
. . . .
(20)
Fig. 6
Doubly infinite array of conductors
cos mx
sin md sin me
. ,
cos mx-< I
cosh mb
cosh my cosh m(b / )
cosh
1972
C)
{2b(f - e ) - p -
ley)
(22)
Superposition of solutions
Time-varying problems
Eddy-current problems
Tit
A =
m
(24)
to
Microwave problems
,n c o s
mx c o s
ny
(3)
c o s mx
cosn
1973
rt.y
(3)
sin md sin
cosh m(b
e) ~ cosh m(b / ) .
> cos mx cosh my
cosh mb
(25)
or
0s
\ \
B=
. (26)
oz
7)A
- ^ - = 0 at z = 0 and z = b
oz
<^
A
B7 -^ + = n0 at r = a* and r = a
or
r
Choosing a circular function cos nz for the z variation, we
have sin nb 0 or nb = kir where k is an integer or zero.
Choosing Bessel functions 3\(mr) and Y,(mr), the solution
is of the form
Z,(mr) = .
J,(/nr)
Y,(mr)
(27)
\J0(ma)
subject to the condition
\ J0(ma)
Y0(ma0)
Y0(ma)
(28)
C m / ) Zi(mr)cosz
(29)
(30)
7
Fig. 7
Succession of slots and teeth
PROC. IEE, Vol. 114, No. 12, DECEMBER 1967
r or
~b2A
_ /
6.4
6.5
1 ~bA
A
_ _ + =
Conclusions
References
Appendixes
9.1
if
y<b',
and
*t n{m2 + n2)
y>b\
if
also
(3D
(32)
(33)
10
11
12
1976
if
and
if
y> b'
9.2
Edouard Roth
bb'
(34)