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Tutorial 4

1. The solution to the differential equation dy/dt + y = f(t) is found by taking the integral of both sides. Specific solutions are found for f(t) = H(t), f(t) = t, and f(t) = e^-t/α/H(t) with α < 1. As α approaches 0 in the third case, the solution approaches 0. 2. Power series solutions are found about various points for several differential equations, including finding an integrating factor to solve one equation. 3. The motion of a harmonic oscillator experiencing an oscillating driving force is solved given initial conditions, and the solution behavior described if the driving frequency approximates but does

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50 views

Tutorial 4

1. The solution to the differential equation dy/dt + y = f(t) is found by taking the integral of both sides. Specific solutions are found for f(t) = H(t), f(t) = t, and f(t) = e^-t/α/H(t) with α < 1. As α approaches 0 in the third case, the solution approaches 0. 2. Power series solutions are found about various points for several differential equations, including finding an integrating factor to solve one equation. 3. The motion of a harmonic oscillator experiencing an oscillating driving force is solved given initial conditions, and the solution behavior described if the driving frequency approximates but does

Uploaded by

Rachit Madan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PYL113 TUTORIAL SHEET 4

1. Find, in the form of an integral, the solution of the equation

dy
+ y = f (t)
dt

for a general function f (t). Find the specific solutions for


(a) f (t) = H(t),
(b) f (t) = (t),
(c) f (t) =

t/

H(t) with

For case (c), what happens if

< .
!0?

2. By finding a suitable integrating factor, solve the following equations


(a) (1

x2 )y 0 + 2xy = (1

(b) y 0

ycot x + 1/ sin x = 0,

x2 )3/2 ,

(c) (x + y 3 )y 0 = y y is to be treated as independent variable.


3. A simple harmonic oscillator, of mass m and natural frequency !0 ,
experiences an oscillating driving force f (t) = ma cos !t. Therefore, its
equation of motion is
d2 x
+ !02 x = a cos !t,
dt2
where x is its position. Given that at t = 0 we have x = dx/dt = 0,
find the function x(t). Describe the solution if ! is approximately, but
not exactly, equal to !0 .
4. Find power series solutions in t about t = 0 for the dierential equation
y 00 + (t

1)y 0 + (2t

3)y = 0.

5. Find power series solutions in x about x = 0 for the dierential equation


y 00

2xy 0 + 2y = 0.
1

6. Find two power series solutions about z = 0 of the dierential equation


(1

z 2 )y 00

3zy 0 + y = 0.

Deduce that the value of for which the corresponding power series
becomes an N th-degree polynomial UN (z) is N (N + 2). Construct
U2 (z) and U3 (z).
7. Find power series solutions in z of the dierential equation
zy 00

2y 0 + 9z 5 y = 0.

Identify closed forms for the two series, calculate their Wronskian, and
verify that they are linearly independent. Compare the Wronskian with
that calculated from the dierential equation.
8. Find power series solutions in x of the dierential equation
2x2 y 00 + 7x(x + 1)y 0

3y = 0.

9. Use the Frobenius method to find one of the solutions near x = 0 of


the dierential equation
x2 y 00 + xy 0 + x2 y = 0.
10. Find series solutions of the equation y 00 2zy 0 2y = 0. Identify one of
the series as y1 (z) = exp(z 2 ) and verify this by direct substitution. By
setting y2 (z) = u(z)y1 (z) and solving the resulting equation for u(z),
find an explicit form for y2 (z) and deduce that
Z

e
0

d = e

x2

1
X
n=0

n!
(2x)2n+1 .
2(2n + 1)!

11. Investigate solutions of Legendres equation at one of its singular points


as follows.
2

(a) Verify that z = 1 is a regular singular point of Legendres equation


and that the indicial equation for a series solution in powers of
(z 1) has a double root = 0.
(b) Obtain the corresponding recurrence relation and show that a polynomial solution is obtained if l is a positive integer.
(c) Determine the radius of convergence R of the = 0 series and relate
it to the positions of the singularities of Legendres equation.
12. The first solution of Bessels equation for = 0 is
J0 (z) =

1
X
n=0

( 1)n z 2n
.
n! (n + 1) 2

Use the derivative method to show that


J0 (z)lnz

1
X
( 1)n
(n!)2
n=1

n
X
1
r=1

z 2n
2

is a second solution.
13. Find the recurrence relation formula for the power series solution and
obtain the general solution for the non homogeneous dierential equation around t = 0
d2 y
+ ty = et+1
dt2

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