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What Are Electromagnetic Transients?: Power Systems Normally in Steady-State

Electromagnetic transients refer to the rapid switching events and faults that can occur on power systems. These transients can generate high frequency voltage and current responses. The document discusses analyzing and modeling transients using mathematical models solved via Laplace transforms, numerical time domain simulation, or frequency domain simulation. It also describes the Electromagnetic Transients Program (EMTP) tool, which is an industry standard for transient analysis, as well as related programs like ATP and PSCAD/EMTDC. Learning to use ATPDraw or PSCAD is important for assignments in the course.

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onnly1964
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
65 views

What Are Electromagnetic Transients?: Power Systems Normally in Steady-State

Electromagnetic transients refer to the rapid switching events and faults that can occur on power systems. These transients can generate high frequency voltage and current responses. The document discusses analyzing and modeling transients using mathematical models solved via Laplace transforms, numerical time domain simulation, or frequency domain simulation. It also describes the Electromagnetic Transients Program (EMTP) tool, which is an industry standard for transient analysis, as well as related programs like ATP and PSCAD/EMTDC. Learning to use ATPDraw or PSCAD is important for assignments in the course.

Uploaded by

onnly1964
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 10

U What Are Electromagnetic

I
Transients?

ECE524
Lecture 1

Power systems normally in steady-state


Or Quasi-steady-state
Allows use of RMS phasors

Switching, operations, faults, lightning,


Response frequencies from DC to MHz
Generally dies out rapidly (higher freq.)
Large voltage and currents are possible
RLC response to change in voltage or current
Introduction

U
I

Spring 2014

ECE524

Analyzing Transients

Lecture 1

Understand the transient you want to model


Good data to form detailed models
Mathematical model of the system
Solve coupled differential equations
Hand calculations in the LaPlace domain
Hand calculations in the time domain
Time domain numerical circuit simulation
Frequency domain simulation
Introduction

Spring 2014

U
I

ECE524

Circuit Simulation

Lecture 1

Output often as time domain waveforms


Often want instantaneous peak values of
v(t) and i(t)
Or in some cases energy
Peaks missed with RMS or harmonic
solutions

Introduction

Transient Network
Analyzer (TNA)

U
I

Spring 2014

ECE524
Lecture 1

Predates use of digital computers


Analog computer model
Hybrid: digital controls

Real-time digital simulators


Cost limits to small class of problems
Closed loop testing of control hardware

Introduction

Spring 2014

U
I

Off-Line Time Domain


Simulation

ECE524
Lecture 1

Digital computer simulation of transients


General purpose equation solvers:
MATLAB, MathCAD
Analog electronic and integrated circuits:
SPICE, Saber
Not really designed for power system
transients
Introduction

The Electromagnetic
U
I Transients Program-EMTP

Spring 2014

ECE524
Lecture 1

Hermann Dommel, Germany, then BPA


Numerically solves difference equations
Fixed versus variable time-step
EMTP has become and industry standard
(verified models)
Modules in other power systems programs
Matlab toolbox
Introduction

Spring 2014

U
I

ECE524

EMTP Variants

Lecture 1

Original version mainly modeled RLC elements

switches, ideal sources and lines


Many extensions and several versions
ATP: Alternate transients program (http://www.emtp.org)
EMTP-RV (http://www.emtp.com) latest from DCG
EMTDC: student version available free from their web site
(http://www.pscad.com/)
RTDS: Real time digital simulator (cost)
SimPowerSystems blockset for Matlab

Introduction

U
I

Spring 2014

ECE524

EMTP-like Programs

Lecture 1

Designed to study transient phenomenon from a

few hundred Hertz to hundreds of kHz


Switching surges, faults studies, insulation
coordination, power electronic interactions with
power systems
EMTP can also model dc systems and
electromechanical interactions
Trapezoidal integration schemeastable
Stable results if transient response modeled is stable

Introduction

Spring 2014

U
I

ECE524

EMTP Programs

Lecture 1

Outputs are voltage, current, power, and energy

versus time
Control variables are available if controls are
modeled
Can model simple controls using EMTPs control
models or can interface to FORTRAN (in some
cases C or Matlab too)
Programs have internal control modeling
Graphical user interface

Introduction

U
I

Spring 2014

ECE524

ECE 524

Lecture 1

This class will have assignments requiring use of an

EMTP-like program
Can use any of programs listed above, but best if
use ATP or PSCAD/EMTDC
Student version of PSCAD will be a little small at times
In past, most EO students have preferred ATP

If your employer has a preferred program you can


use that let me know

Introduction

10

Spring 2014

U
I

ECE524

The ATP Version

Lecture 1

ATP is essentially free, a license application


needs to be filled out
http://www.emtp.org/

The purpose is to limit access to parties that have

participated in EMTP-Commerce
Cost is limited to shipping materials--can
download much of it now, so dont need to pay for
shipping

Introduction

U
I

11

Spring 2014

ECE524

ATP Versions

Lecture 1

ATP ported several operating system


Several versions for the PCs
Run in DOS windows/Command Prompt
Ming32: All MS windows variants.

Introduction

12

Spring 2014

U
I

ECE524

ATP Plotting Programs

Lecture 1

Older versions of EMTP displayed plot on

screen at end of the simulation run


Special purpose plotting programs
PlotXY: Simply Windows based plotting program.
Export to word processor
Recommended for ECE 524
TPPLOT: Distributed with Salford ATP
PCPLOT (WPCPLOT): Simple plotting program.

Introduction

U
I

13

Spring 2014

ECE524

ATP Plotting Programs

Lecture 1

GTPPLOT: Build of TPPLOT using GNU Fortran


Compiler. Doesn't require Salford Extender, can
handle Comtrade
TOP: Electrotek wrote for EPRI-DCG and
extended for harmonics programs, ATP
Available free: http://www.electrotek.com/TOP
Good post processing capabilities.
Output to Comtrade

Matlab: Can use PL42MAT to convert output


from ATP to data file for Matlab.
Introduction

14

Spring 2014

U
I

ECE524

Graphical Interfaces

Lecture 1

EMTP is written in FORTRAN


FORTRAN read statements,
Restrictions on input data file

Several attempts at graphical interfaces


ATPDraw is best option for ATP
Use to create circuit and enter parameters
Program creates the EMTP format data file
Run ATP and call plot from ATPDRAW

Introduction

U
I

15

Spring 2014

ECE524

ATPDraw

Lecture 1

Available for download from ATP distribution sites


Follow link for ATPDraw for information about the
program
Latest versions are version 5.9.
File format not compatible with older versions
http://www.atpdraw.net/ (ATPDraw only, not ATP itself)

Get the program and the patch files (update to fix

bugs in executable)
Manual and introduction presentation for download

Introduction

16

Spring 2014

U
I

ECE524

Capabilities

Lecture 1

Graphical pre-processor for ATP


MS Windows (old DOS version too)
Development funded BPA and SINTEF Energy
Research
Automatically fills in the fields, removing a major
source of errors in data files
Still some sources of errors remain

Introduction

U
I

17

Spring 2014

ECE524

ATP Tools for ECE 524

Lecture 1

If you choose to you use ATP:


Apply for a license and then contact me
Download the following
Atpmingw.zip
Most recent of ATPDraw5x_install.zip
Most recent of PlotXY.zip

Introduction

18

Spring 2014

U
I

ECE524

PSCAD/EMTDC

Lecture 1

Education version available in ECE labs


Free Student Edition (15 node limit)
Go to: http://www.pscad.com/
Create account and get set up to download
Download the Program itself
Includes free Fortran Compiler

Introduction

Need unless you have compatible one installed

19

Spring 2014

U Learning ATPDraw/ATP
I
or PSCAD/EMTDC

ECE524
Lecture 1

Class will have basic intro for both programs


Build on this as we go along, with examples
Program manuals
Program intros from other recent course
ATPDraw version 5.7
http://www.ece.uidaho.edu/ee/power/404VSC/Lectures/L5/L5_ATPDraw.pdf

PSCAD/EMTDC version 4.2


http://www.ece.uidaho.edu/ee/power/404VSC/Lectures/L6/L6.pdf

Introduction

20

Spring 2014

10

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