WHITE PAPER

Practical, Proven Broadband

over Power Line
The Powerline LV Solution
February 2006
CONTENTS

i Executive Summary

1 A Brief Broadband over Power Line Backgrounder

1 Powerline LV Security

2 Broadband over Power Line: Medium-Voltage

versus Low-Voltage Solutions

3 Powerline LV Solution Components

4 Cost Justification for Utilities

5 Powerline LV Passes Muster with

Amateur Radio Operators

5 Motorola Is Taking Notch Filtering to the Next Level

6 Why Motorola?

6 Moving Forward
Executive Summary

There is a lot of discussion about Broadband over Power Line (BPL) technology in the utility industry
today. Knowledgeable people have widely divergent views about what BPL is, what the ramifications
are if it is widely deployed, and what it can do for the utility and—even more essential—utility
customers. BPL offers an array of potential benefits. Most important, it offers the opportunity to
expand the range of services provided by utilities to currently underserved communities, many of
which would gain access to broadband Internet and associated services for the first time. Moreover,
BPL can provide real-time access for utility applications, from usage information, proactive outage
notification, and automatic meter reading to load-management capabilities, among other utility
management and customer service enhancements.

Virtually all BPL technologies can provide these benefits. But can the costs associated with installing
new equipment, increasing staff, and dealing with additional maintenance requirements justify
deployment? And are the benefits of BPL worth the risks in a highly competitive marketplace? In other
words, can a practical business case be made for deployment?

It is Motorola's contention that, given the right BPL solution, the answer to all of these questions is an
emphatic yes.

Powerline LV, Motorola's BPL solution, is a scalable, end-to-end hybrid system that utilizes Motorola's
Canopy™ high-speed wireless broadband internet platform as the overlay network, providing high
bandwidth and coverage for the utility. When digital transmissions are sent to the Powerline LV Bridge
(mounted in the communications or utility space of the utility pole), low-voltage connection to the
transformer is enabled, and the signal is delivered to the customer via non-invasive HomePlug™
protocol. All the customer needs is a low-cost Powerline LV modem that plugs into standard
110-volt outlets and allows Ethernet or Wi-Fi connections to PCs and other digital devices. There is no
need to drill holes or route cables, and no reason for service calls.

The Powerline LV Solution is the first wireless-to-low-voltage solution for widespread commercial use.
It offers the flexibility to let utilities target specific areas of service territories without requiring a full
build-out. No pole-mounted equipment is needed until there is a customer at that particular location. In
this “build as you grow” model, coverage is added where you want it and as your business
requirements dictate; and costs are incurred only as customers are added to the system. What's
more, the Powerline LV Solution makes administration easy with MiBAS™ (Motorola Integrated Billing
& Administration System). MiBAS provides convergent billing, flexible rating and multi-service
provisioning. Utilities can assess the merits of BPL implementation in an incremental, cost-effective
manner—without the downside of extensive, upfront capital and labor inputs.

Powerline LV is the flexible, affordable BPL solution that is designed to help create new revenue
streams virtually overnight, increase the reliability of your power grid, and provide the basis for greater
real-time information gathering and control. By the end of 2005, approximately 13 million U.S.
households were without access to DSL or cable broadband services, while some 102 million U.S.
households had access.1

Powerline LV could change the economics and the logistics of reaching underserved customers. This
document provides an introduction to the Motorola Powerline LV solution and identifies the key
factors for a successful business case.

b i Practical, Proven Broadband over Powerline: The Powerline LV Solution

A Brief Broadband over
Power Line Backgrounder

Broadband over Power Line is access technology that enables delivery

of broadband services, including Internet service, utility monitoring and
management applications via power lines. Various methodologies are
utilized by different vendors to deliver signals across the primary
voltages, commonly known as Medium Voltage BPL solutions. These
are access broadband Medium Voltage BPL solutions that most people POWERLINE LV SECURITY
are familiar with and are the most discussed aspect of BPL overall.
Of course data transmissions of
Motorola's Powerline LV does not use the primary medium voltage all kinds must be protected. But
distribution lines; instead it uses proven wireless technology that broadband, by spawning a
delivers a digital content transmission to an interface bridge on the pole, revolution in high-value services,
is raising the ante. Video on
connected to the Low Voltage side of the transformer. This enables the
demand, music downloads,
radio signal that was sent to the bridge on the pole to be carried into the
videoconferencing and VoIP
home or business via low-voltage lines. In implementations such as the services make end-to-end
Motorola Powerline LV Solution, customers simply plug a BPL Modem security more essential than ever
based on the HomePlug protocol into a standard 110-volt power outlet before in order to prevent theft of
intellectual property. Motorola
to gain access to the network.
provides the security assessment
and architecting expertise needed
BPL networking can achieve Ethernet-like bandwidth (14Mbps raw data to create dependable networking
rate now, and the potential for up to 200Mbps raw data rate in the near environments. As for Powerline
future), which makes it competitive with cable and DSL product LV, Motorola's Canopy platform
offers security with over-the-air
offerings, and ideal for VoIP and video transmissions. In addition to
Data Encryption Standard (DES)
being very competitive with DSL and cable, depending on the area, BPL
and optional Advanced Encryption
provides a high-speed broadband Internet alternative for underserved Standard (AES) Subscriber
populations whose only options prior to BPL were dial-up or no access Module capabilities, which
at all. provide 128-bit encryption to help
ensure secure data delivery.
Security extends right to the
customer, as the Powerline LV
Modem provides 56-bit
encryption and helps enable
secure access for the end user—
from the Powerline LV Bridge to
the home or business.

Practical, Proven Broadband over Powerline: The Powerline LV Solution 1 b

Broadband over Power Line:
Medium-Voltage versus
Low-Voltage Solutions
All commercially viable BPL solutions, with the exception of Motorola's Powerline LV solution,
are Access BPL solutions that use medium-voltage power lines to extend current fiber or
broadband networks to the pole. This type of solution requires “fixed” infrastructure along the
grid, whether customers are using the service or not. Installation is labor-intensive and,
consequently, must be completed by highly skilled technicians. Specifically, repeaters and
couplers have to be installed on medium-voltage lines at intervals of 800 to 2,400 feet, which
adds a serious burden with regard to staffing costs, safety issues, and ongoing maintenance
requirements. Repeaters can also reduce the reliability of the grid by adding more components
and more potential points of failure.

Scalability, or lack of it, is another cause for concern. Medium-voltage BPL solutions require an
extensive build-out that can make small-scale initiatives risky.

Another identified drawback of medium-voltage BPL solutions is interference. BPL operates on

frequencies between 1.705 MHz and 80 MHz, which is used by amateur radio operators,
public safety disaster relief workers, aeronautical teams, CB operators and shortwave radio
listeners. Medium-voltage BPL vendors are hopeful that they can remedy this problem, but the
issue has yet to be resolved to the satisfaction of ham radio operators and others who are
seeking to prohibit medium-voltage BPL deployments.

Motorola's Powerline LV Solution uses a different broadband-delivery paradigm. It extends the

utility enterprise network and broadband Internet service via the Motorola Canopy high-
capacity broadband infrastructure, low-voltage lines, and enhanced HomePlug-compatible
technologies. With the Powerline LV solution, there is less equipment to purchase, install and
maintain. In addition, because it is a low-voltage solution, the installation can be done by a
variety of utility trained personnel, from electricians to linemen. Because work is being done on
the low voltage side of the network as opposed to the primary lines, risks of worker injury and
grid disruptions are significantly reduced. Lastly, the Powerline LV solution is significantly less
susceptible to interference because it operates only on low-voltage power lines and features
integrated, true radio-frequency (RF) hardware notch filtering, providing additional protection to
and from amateur radio operators.

Motorola's Canopy wireless broadband technology is used by over 2,000 Internet service
providers worldwide. Many enterprises use it as a backhaul for internal applications. It can
reach up to 40 miles in a point-to-multipoint, line-of-sight application and provides outstanding
penetration for non-line-of-sight applications. Canopy also provides an easy migration to
WiMAX™ and other emerging technologies.

The Powerline LV solution provides the scalable infrastructure for cost-effective delivery of
broadband Internet and VoIP services to underserved populations. In areas that have high
transformer densities and a poor or non-existent telecommunications infrastructure, Powerline
LV is ideal. Return on investment has been shown to occur with just one customer per
transformer, for some utilities.

b2 Practical, Proven Broadband over Powerline: The Powerline LV Solution

Powerline LV
Solution Components

The Powerline LV solution is composed of four parts (See Figure 1.):

• The Access Points, located on a tower site, provide the radio access communication cluster
that allows for transmission between individual Subscriber Modules located on the poles with
the Bridges and the fiber backhaul or Internet POP (Point of Presence). You can also remotely
backhaul from individual Access Points using Canopy backhaul units, as indicated by the left
side of the diagram below

• The Bridges (also on pole tops or near pad-mounted transformers) inject the Internet signal
onto low-voltage wires that connect to homes and businesses

• Powerline LV Modems plug into electrical outlets and transmit signals through the electrical
wiring in the home or business to a customer's Ethernet, USB or 802.11b wireless router

FIGURE 1. The Powerline LV solution takes the signal from the Internet POP and delivers it to the
customer's network connection. The Canopy Subscriber Module is connected to the Powerline LV
Bridge on the low-voltage side (120/240-Volt AC) of the transformers on the distribution grid. The
Subscriber Modules use the 2.4 GHz, 5.2 GHz, 5.7 GHz, or 900 MHz frequency bands depending on
line of sight, aesthetics, and environmental needs.

Practical, Proven Broadband over Powerline: The Powerline LV Solution 3 b

Cost Justification for Utilities

Other BPL solutions have been widely perceived as expensive and risky. In most cases, vendors
are planning to deal with interference and other issues as they arise. Moreover, medium-voltage BPL
solutions can lack scalability and require infrastructure improvements that take months to install. As
such, the utility must make a substantial commitment based on projections rather than actual
commitments from customers.

Regarding specific, cost-related issues that concern utility executives, Powerline LV:

• Can be cost-justified at one customer per transformer. Typically, BPL deployments generally
require two or more customers per transformer to break even.

• Requires no additional cabling or other wiring to bring the broadband signal to service areas,
so start-up costs and equipment installation requirements are minimal.

• Has low set-up and maintenance costs. No truck roll or work on the customer's premises or
along the medium voltage distribution lines. No repeaters are needed along the primary
distribution lines to maintain the signal.

• Installation can be performed by any qualified electrician approved by the utility, because the
work is done on the low-voltage side of the transformer. This is a significant advantage, as
medium-voltage systems necessitate highly skilled line crews for installation.

• Leverages Canopy's point-to-multipoint broadband technology, which enables utilities to

create a wireless broadband network of virtually any size. Utilities can target specific areas
for service delivery and can build out incrementally because costs are incurred only as
customers are added to the system.

• By way of the Canopy backbone infrastructure, may be cost-justified for core utility
applications (i.e., SCADA, Automatic Meter Reading, substation monitoring, etc.) alone.

• Operates in the unlicensed spectrum bands, so there is no need for spectrum acquisition or
site licensing.

• With the MiBAS™ system, enables the rapid provisioning of broadband services while
providing a billing system together with self-care capabilities. The MiBAS can help reduce
costs, ease call-center traffic, and meet business challenges.

b4 Practical, Proven Broadband over Powerline: The Powerline LV Solution

Powerline LV Passes Muster with
Amateur Radio Operators

BPL technology has come up against serious, vocal opposition from ham radio operators, with good
reason. Many existing BPL systems transmit digital content on medium-voltage power lines using
the same frequencies as amateur radio operators. Some BPL vendors have attempted to rectify the
situation with “notching” (turning off OFDM carriers), but problems persist.

Aware of the controversy and intent on setting Powerline LV apart from medium-voltage BPL
technologies, Motorola contacted the national amateur radio association, the American Radio Relay
League (ARRL), in Newington, Connecticut, and asked to install the Powerline LV solution at ARRL
headquarters. Hoping to get as much firsthand information as possible about the performance of the
Motorola system, and wanting to encourage non-interfering solutions, ARRL officials readily agreed.

Motorola's Powerline LV solution reduces the potential for widespread BPL interference
by restricting the application of high-frequency RF to low-voltage (220-Volt AC) power lines.
Powerline LV also features enhanced ham band-notching HomePlug technology. In addition,
Motorola took the HomePlug Modem concept to the next level by adding tunable hardware filters to
deepen the notches and improve the immunity of the system to nearby ham transmitters.

At the ARRL, a Motorola Canopy wireless link has been set up between ARRL headquarters and the
W1AW building across the parking lot. The system is connected into the League's local area network
on the headquarters side and into a 220-Volt AC power drop on the W1AW end.

ARRL laboratory manager Ed Hare was impressed with the results – using preliminary hardware.
Working with Motorola principal staff engineer Dick Illman, Hare found only a few dB of BPL noise
on one ham band using the highest-gain antenna at W1AW aimed directly at the W1AW building.
Hare noted that on all other bands and antennas, the BPL noise did not change S-meter readings, nor
did it affect readings on the Rohde and Schwarz analyzer and receiver used to make measurements.
“This proactive step by Motorola has shown that they are serious about interference issues,” said
Hare. “More importantly, Motorola has shown that it is possible to achieve enough filtering to
protect amateur radio under typical conditions.”

The ARRL continues to praise the Powerline LV solution; and, in a recent petition for a BPL rule
change, the ARRL spoke highly of it to the FCC.

MOTOROLA IS TAKING NOTCH FILTERING TO THE NEXT LEVEL

Motorola has demonstrated that it is technically and economically feasible to notch to a considerably greater
depth than is required by present FCC rules. A state-of-the-art Digital Signal Processor (DSP) used to
generate BPL signals offers notch depth of approximately 25 dB. However, the notch depth on the latest
unfiltered radio transmitters is about the same, and the rules for virtually all radio services require additional
filtering. The Federal Communications Commission could require BPL systems to operate at a minimum of
-35 dB in any notched spectrum. This could only be achieved with additional hardware filters. The major
benefit of the Powerline LV low-voltage BPL system, as demonstrated by Motorola at ARRL headquarters
In Connecticut, is that the combination of OFDM notching of the amateur bands and additional filtering
provided a remarkable degree of immunity of the BPL system to transmitted amateur radio signals in the
same spectrum. Data rates were found to be unaffected when the W1AW station transmitted on a
high-duty cycle at up to 1 kW of transmitter power output on 8 different amateur bands.

Practical, Proven Broadband over Powerline: The Powerline LV Solution 5 b

Why Motorola?

Motorola sees the big picture. We understand the potential that versatile, robust communications
systems can bring to your enterprise, and to your customers. Our technological expertise,
partnerships, and alliances allow us to deliver Powerline LV and other innovative, reliable
solutions that set standards and help organizations maximize revenues while providing enhanced
services. And then there's the quality of Motorola technologies and products. The company is
a proud, two-time winner of the U.S. government's Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award.

MOVING FORWARD
We are entering a new era of connectivity in which people and devices can exchange digital content
and software programs effortlessly. It's what Motorola calls Seamless Mobility, and it encompasses
easy, uninterrupted access to information, entertainment, communication, and monitoring and
control across diverse environments, regardless of end-user or device location. Simply put, it is the
delivery of business-critical information to you, when you want it, when you need it, to the device
you are using.

But Seamless Mobility can only come about if broadband Internet access is ubiquitous. Powerline LV
is the scalable, economical, flexible BPL solution that can reach populations that have yet to be
introduced to the transformative power of broadband networks. It is the solution that utilities can
use to expand their range of utility services to customers, while gaining real-time access to IP-based
core management applications.

Security. Reliability. Flexibility. Scalability. They are all requirements of Seamless Mobility,
and they are all attributes of Motorola's Powerline LV solution. And perhaps most important of all,
Seamless Mobility and the Powerline LV solution represent something else: Opportunities. They
remove barriers not only to communication and information exchange, but to the creation of strong
new business models. We look forward to exploring those opportunities with you.

b6 Practical, Proven Broadband over Powerline: The Powerline LV Solution

 REFERENCES

1 William P. Zarakas, Brattle Group. Betting Against

the Odds?, Public Utilities Fortnightly. April 2005.

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Visit www.motorola.com/enterprise
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