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2) Settlement

1) The document provides instructions and solutions for calculating settlement (immediate and long term) for several foundation problems involving rectangular footings under uniform pressure loading on layered soil profiles. 2) Methods used include determining stress distributions, influence factors, and Schmertman's method for long term settlement prediction. 3) One example calculates 11.91mm of settlement 6 years after construction for a 3.5m x 3.5m square footing on deep loose to medium dense sand.

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109 views

2) Settlement

1) The document provides instructions and solutions for calculating settlement (immediate and long term) for several foundation problems involving rectangular footings under uniform pressure loading on layered soil profiles. 2) Methods used include determining stress distributions, influence factors, and Schmertman's method for long term settlement prediction. 3) One example calculates 11.91mm of settlement 6 years after construction for a 3.5m x 3.5m square footing on deep loose to medium dense sand.

Uploaded by

brianmanson78
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CE 366 SETTLEMENT (Problems & Solutions)

P. 1) LOAD UNDER A RECTANGULAR AREA (1)


The footing shown in the figure below exerts a uniform pressure of 300 kN/m2 to the
soil. Determine vertical stress due to uniform pressure at a point 4m directly under;
(a) point A , (b) point B

2m

2m

2m
B
2m

A
L Shaped Footing

a) Point A;
2m
a

4m

1
2

z = q.Ir
By the use of the Figure 1.6 in Lecture Notes, page 1-8;

For area 1 : A(abcfg)

z=4m

mz = 4

m = 4/4 = 1

Ir = 0.12

nz = 2

n = 2/4 = 0.5

For area 2 : A(cdef)

z=4m

mz = 2

m = 2/4 = 0.5

nz = 2

n = 2/4 = 0.5

Ir = 0.085

z = 300 (0.12 + 0.085) = 61.5 kPa


the stress at 4m depth under point A due to 300 kN/m2 uniform pressure

b) Point B;
2m

2m

Area 1 = Area 2 = Area 3


mz = nz = 2

m = n = 2/4 = 0.5

z = 300 (3 x 0.085)
= 76.5 kPa

Ir = 0.085

P. 2) LOAD UNDER A RECTANGULAR AREA (2)


A rectangular footing as shown in figure below exerts a uniform pressure of 420 kN/m2.
Determine the vertical stress due to uniform pressure at point A for a depth of 3 m.
6m
A uniform pressure of
420 kN/m2
2m

Composite footing

2m

5m

2m

2m

2m
b

1.5 m

2m
h

1.5 m
g

For area (abkh) :


z=3m

mz = 4
nz = 3.5

m = 4 / 3 = 1.33
n = 3.5 / 3 = 1.17

Ir = 0.195

m = 3.5 / 3 = 1.17
n = 2 / 3 = 0.67

Ir = 0.151

For area (bcdk) :


mz = 3.5
nz = 2

For area (defk) :


mz = 2
nz = 1.5

m = 2 / 3 = 0.67
n = 1.5 / 3 = 0.5

Ir = 0.105

m = 4 / 3 = 1.33
n = 1.5 / 3 = 0.5

Ir = 0.133

For area (fghk) :


mz = 4
nz = 1.5

For area (ijkm) :


mz = nz = 2

m = n = 2 / 3 = 0.67

z = Ir
= 420 [ Ir 1 + Ir 2 + Ir 3 + Ir 4 - Ir 5 ]
= 420 [ 0.195 + 0.151 + 0.105 + 0.133 0.117 ]
z = 196.14 kPa

Ir = 0.117

P. 3) IMMEDIATE SETTLEMENT
A foundation 4

2 m, carrying a net uniform pressure of 200 kN/m2, is located at a

depth of 1.5 m in a layer of clay 5 m thick for which the value of Eu is 45 MN/m2. The
layer is underlain by a second layer, 10 m thick, for which the value of Eu is 80 MN/m2.
A hard stratum lies below the second layer. Determine the average immediate settlement
under the foundation.
q = 200 kN/m2

1.5 m
2m
Eu = 45 MN/m2

3.5 m

Eu = 80 MN/m2
10 m

Hard stratum
S i = 0 1

qB
Eu
q
B is the smaller dimension !

D
H

We obtain,
0 from D / B
1 from H / B and L / B

Hard stratum
D / B = 1.5 / 2 = 0.75
L/B=4/2=2

0 = 0.95 ( Figure 3.3, Course Notes )

(1) Consider the upper layer with Eu = 45 MPa.


D
Eu = 45 MPa

H / B = 3.5 / 2 = 1.75
L/B=4/2=2

H = 3.5 m
S i 1 = 0 1

Hard stratum

1 = 0.65

qB
(200) 2
= (0.95) (0.65)
= 5.49mm
Eu
45

(2) Consider the two layers combined with Eu = 80 MPa.

H / B = (3.5 + 10) / 2 = 6.75


L/B=4/2=2

1 = 0.9

Eu = 80 MPa

S i 2 = 0 1

H = 13.5 m

qB
(200) 2
= (0.95) (0.9)
= 4.28mm
Eu
80

Hard stratum

(3) Consider the upper layer with Eu = 80 MPa.


D

H / B = 3.5 / 2 = 1.75
L/B=4/2=2

Eu = 80 MPa

H = 3.5 m

S i 3 = 0 1

Hard stratum

1 = 0.65

qB
(200) 2
= (0.95) (0.65)
= 3.08mm
Eu
80

Using the principle of superposition, the settlement of the foundation is given by;
S i = S i 1 + S i 2 - Si 3
Si = 5.49 + 4.28 3.08
Si = 6.69 mm

P. 4) SCHMERTMAN
A soil profile consists of deep, loose to medium dense sand (dry = 16 kN/m3 , sat = 18
kN/m3). The ground water level is at 4 m depth. A 3.5m x 3.5m square footing rests at 3m
depth. The total (gross) load acting at the foundation level (footing weight + column
load + weight of soil or footing) is 2000 kN. Estimate the settlement of the footing 6
years after the construction using influence factor method (Schmertman, 1978).
End resistance values obtained from static cone penetration tests are;
Depth (m)

qc (kN/m2)

0.00 2.00

8000

2.00 - 4.75

10000

4.75 - 6.50

8000

6.50 12.00

12000

12.00 15.00

10000

Note that;
for square footing;

z (depth)(from foundation level) Iz (strain factors)


0
0.1
B/2
0.5
2B
0.0
B : width of footing

Es = 2.0 qc

Solution:
Si = C1 C2 qnet

Iz
z
E

qnet = net foundation pressure

C 1 = 1 0 .5 0
q net
'

correction factor for footing depth

o = effective overburden pressure at foundation level

C 2 = 1 + 0.2 log

t
0 .1

correction factor for creep

t = time at which the settlement is required (in years)

qgross = 2000 kN
4m

dry = 16 kN/m3

3m

deep loose to medium dense sand


sat = 18 kN/m3

q net =

20000
3x16 = 115.26 kPa
3 .5 x 3 .5

gross pressure.

initial effective overburden pressure

o = 3x16 = 48 kPa
C 1 = 1 0 .5

48
= 0.792
115.26

C 2 = 1 + 0.2 log

6
= 1.356
0 .1

ground surface qc (kN/m2)


0.0 m
8000
2
0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5
Iz

10000
4

z1

Layer 1

4.75

0.5B = 1.75m

8000

z2

Layer 2

6
6.5

z3

Layer 3
8

enter from mid-height


of each layer

12000

z4

Layer 4

10

7
2B=2x3.5 = 7m

Width of foundation,
B=3.5m

12

10000
14
15
Es = 2.5 qc
Layer No

Depth(m)

z(m)

qc(kPa)

Es(kPa)

Iz

(Iz /Es) z

3.00-4.75

1.75

10.000

20.000

0.3

2.65x10-5

4.75-6.50

1.75

8.000

16.000

0.416

4.55x10-5

6.50-8.25

1.75

12.000

24.000

0.249

1.82x10-5

8.25-10.00

1.75

12.000

24.000

0.083

0.605x10-5

= 9.625x105
Si = (0.792) (1.356) (115.26) (9.625x10-5)
= 0.01191 m

Si = 11.91 mm

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