1.

The quagga is an extinct animal that lived in Africa. Quaggas belonged to the same
group as zebras.
The drawings below show a zebra and a quagga.

(a)

Zebras and quaggas used to breed with each other. The offspring contained a
combination of both zebra and quagga genes (genetic information).
How were zebra and quagga genes passed on from the parents to their
offspring?
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
1 mark

(b)

These days there are some zebras that still show some quagga features.
Scientists are using zebras to try to produce quaggas by selective breeding.
Describe the steps in this selective breeding process.
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
3 marks
Maximum 4 marks

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2.

The diagram shows two families. Some of the people in the diagram have freckles.
family A

family B

g r a n d p a r e n ts

B o b m a r r ie d t o E m ily

J o h n m a r r ie d to M a r y

p a re n ts

R a c h e l m a r r ie d to B ill

c h ild r e n

R ic h a r d

Penny

P a m m a r r ie d t o D a v id

S im o n

B ecca

K a tie

key

(a)

(i)

and

p e r s o n w it h
f r e c k le s

and

p e r s o n w it h o u t
f r e c k le s

Which children are most likely to have freckles?

Tick the correct boxes.
R ic h a r d

S im o n

K a t ie

Penny

B ecca

1 mark

(ii)

How did you decide?

.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
1 mark

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(iii)

Suggest why Bill does not have freckles.

.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
1 mark

(b)

(i)

Which two cells pass on information from parents to their children?

Tick the two correct boxes.

bone cell

cheek cell

egg cell

muscle cell

red blood cell

sperm cell
1 mark

(ii)

Which organ system produces these two cells?

Tick the correct box.

circulatory system

digestive system

reproductive system

respiratory system
1 mark
maximum 5 marks

3.

John and Sarah investigated how pupils in their class were the same and different.
First they measured the length of each pupils little finger.
(a)

Why should each pupil keep their little finger straight while it was being
measured?
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
1 mark

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(b)

The bar chart shows their results.

b a r c h a r t fo r in v e s t ig a t io n 1
12
10
8
num ber
o f p u p ils

6
4
2
0

5 0 -5 5

5 6 -6 0

6 1 -6 5

6 5 -7 0

6 5 -7 5

le n g t h o f litt le fin g e r ( .. .. .. .. . .)
(i)

On the dotted line under the bar chart, give the units of measurement they
used.
1 mark

(ii)

Give one mistake they made in the way they grouped the finger lengths in
their bar chart.
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
1 mark

(c)

John and Sarah then counted the number of pupils who can and
cannot roll their tongues.
What method did they use to collect their data?
Tick the correct box.
Observe pupils tongues.

Identify factors to keep the

same.

Look at books.
Measure pupils
tongues.
1 mark

(d)

They recorded their results in a table.

results for investigation 2

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can roll tongue

cannot roll tongue

10

4
4

Draw a bar on the chart below to show how many pupils can roll their tongues.
b a r c h a r t fo r in v e s t ig a t io n 2
12
10
8
num ber
o f p u p ils

6
4
2
0

c a n r o ll
to n g u e

c a n n o t r o ll
to n g u e
1 mark

(e)

Look at their bar charts for investigations 1 and 2.

How can you tell that they used different numbers of pupils in each investigation?
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
1 mark
maximum 6 marks

4.

Gareth was writing to a pen-friend. This is how he described himself:

I am a boy.

I weigh 600 N.

I am 16 years old.

I speak French.

I have brown eyes.

I have a scar on my chin.

I am 1.8 m tall.
(a)

From the list, choose two features which he must have inherited and which will
not have been affected by his environment.
1. ..................................................................................................................
2. ..................................................................................................................
2 marks

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(b)

From the list, choose two features which will have been affected by both inherited
and environmental factors.
1. ..................................................................................................................
2. ..................................................................................................................
2 marks

(c)

Gareth measured the heights of the 16-year-old pupils at his school. He recorded
the distribution in a bar chart.

n u m b e r o f p u p ils in
e a c h h e ig h t r a n g e

h e ig h t
He also collected data about the features in the list below.
Which two features would show a similarly shaped distribution to Gareths bar
chart?
Tick the two correct boxes.

Ability to roll the tongue.

Presence of ear lobes.

Mass of the pupil.

Circumference of the head.

Sex of the pupil.

2 marks
Maximum 6 marks

The British School of Bahrain

5.

The chemical name for pure limestone is calcium carbonate. When calcium carbonate
is heated to a temperature above 825C it produces calcium oxide and carbon dioxide.
(a)

Complete the symbol equation for this reaction.

CaCO3 .............................. + ..............................
2 marks

(b)

The photograph shows a limestone statue that has been changed by acid rain.

Some gases which pollute the air dissolve in rainwater to form acids.
(i)

Give the name of a gas which dissolves in rainwater, leading to the

formation of sulfuric acid.
.............................................................................................................
1 mark

(ii)

Complete the word equation for the reaction between calcium carbonate
and sulfuric acid.
calcium + sulfuric ........................... + ...........................+ water
carbonate acid
2 marks
maximum 5 marks

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6.

The exhaust gases of a car with a petrol engine are analysed during its MOT
test. The results are shown below.
gas

(a)

% v o lu m e

c a r b o n m o n o x id e

3 .0

c a r b o n d io x id e

1 3 .0

oxygen

0 .4

o th e r g a s e s

8 3 .6

The air going into the engine contains about 20% of oxygen.
Explain why there is only 0.4% of oxygen in the exhaust gases coming out
of the car engine.
....................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................
1 mark

(b)

(i)

Petrol is a mixture of compounds which contains only carbon and hydrogen.

Complete combustion of petrol produces carbon dioxide and one other
substance. What is this other substance?
.............................................................................................................
1 mark

(ii)

When petrol is burned in the car engine, carbon monoxide is produced

as well as carbon dioxide.
Explain why carbon monoxide is dangerous and may kill you.
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
1 mark
Maximum 3 marks

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7.

(a)

The graph below shows how the concentration of alcohol in a persons blood
changed after drinking alcoholic drinks.
140
120
100

co
of
in
(m

n c e n tr a t io n
a lc o h o l
th e b lo o d
g /1 0 0 c m 3)

80
60
40
20
0

3
2
4
tim e a fte r d r in k in g ( h o u r s )

It is illegal to drive if the concentration of alcohol in the blood is higher than

80 mg/100 cm3.
Use the graph to find out how long the concentration of alcohol in this persons
blood was higher than 80 mg/100 cm3.
.................... hours
1 mark

(b)

Why does alcohol in the blood increase the chance of having an accident?
Tick the correct box.
It causes slurred speech.

It dulls the senses of

taste and smell.

It increases the size

of the pupil in the eye.

It increases the time

taken to react.
1 mark

(c)

Alcohol is absorbed into the bloodstream from the stomach.

Digested food is absorbed into the blood from a different part of the digestive
system.
Give the name of this part.
...........................................................
1 mark

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(d)

Give the name of one organ that is damaged by drinking a lot of alcohol over a
long period of time.
...........................................................
1 mark

(e)

The drawing below shows a foetus in its mothers uterus.

If a pregnant woman drinks large quantities of alcohol, the blood vessels in the
umbilical cord may get very narrow for a while.
Give one way this could affect the foetus.
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
1 mark
maximum 5 marks

The British School of Bahrain

10

8.

(a)

George used the apparatus below to find out what substances are produced
when methanol burns.

As the methanol burned, two different gases were produced.

(i)

One of these gases condensed in the U-tube to give a colourless liquid.

Give the name of this liquid.
........................................................
1 mark

(ii)

The other gas turned the lime water cloudy.

Give the name of this gas.
........................................................
1 mark

(b)

Methanol is sometimes used in antifreeze. It can be added to water in car

windscreen wash-bottles to prevent the water from freezing in cold conditions.

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11

The British School of Bahrain

12

(i)

The label on the bottle of antifreeze has two hazard warning symbols. What
two precautions would you need to take when using this antifreeze?
1. .........................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
2. .........................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
1 mark

(ii)

Water freezes at 0C. The label on the bottle shows how the freezing point
changes when different amounts of antifreeze are added to water.
Terry put a mixture containing 10% antifreeze into the wash-bottle of his car.
During the night the temperature dropped to 14C.
The wash-bottle burst.
Explain why the wash-bottle burst.
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
2 marks
Maximum 5 marks

10.

The drawings in parts (a), (b) and (c) show two teams of pupils in a tug-of-war.
There is a ribbon tied to the middle of the rope.
(a)

The sizes and directions of the forces of each team are shown.

team A

team B

The ribbon stays above point X on the ground.

Give the reason for this.
.........................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................
1 mark
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13

(b)

The teams then pull with the forces shown below.

team A

team B

Draw an arrow on the rope to show the direction in which the ribbon will move.
1 mark

(c)

Later, the ribbon was to the left of point X as shown below.

team A

team B

Why did the ribbon move towards the left?

.........................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................
1 mark

(d)

Team A practises by pulling a rope tied to a tree.

The team pulls with a force of 1200 N but the tree does not move.
What is the force of the tree on the rope?
Tick the correct box.

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14

zero

less than
1200 N

1200 N

more than
1200 N
1 mark

(e)

The pupils do not slip because there is a force between their shoes and the
ground. What is the name of this force?
.............................................................
1 mark
maximum 5 marks

The British School of Bahrain

15

11.

The drawing below shows an astronaut in space.

He has four small jets attached to his space suit.
These jets produce forces on the astronaut in the directions A, B, C and D.

(a)

The drawing below shows the size and direction of four forces acting
on the astronaut.

In which direction, A, B, C or D, will the astronaut move?

Give the letter.
..............
1 mark

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16

(b)

The drawing below shows the size and direction of four different
forces acting on the astronaut.

What will happen to the astronaut when the jets produce these four forces?
......................................................................................................................
1 mark

Explain your answer.

......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
1 mark

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17

(c)

The drawing below shows the size and direction of four different
forces acting on the astronaut.
Draw an arrow on the diagram below to show the direction in which he
will move.

1 mark
maximum 4 marks

12.

The drawing shows a snow-buggy being pulled by a sail.

The buggy rests on three skis on the snow.

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18

(a)

The drawing shows four forces that act when the snow-buggy is moving.
Draw a line from each force in the list below to the correct letter from the diagram.
Draw only three lines.
fo rc e

le t te r

A
t h e w e ig h t o f th e b u g g y
B
th e fo r c e p u llin g th e
b u g g y a lo n g
C
th e fr ic tio n b e tw e e n th e
s k is a n d th e s n o w
D
3 marks

(b)

A scientist travelled 80 kilometres (km) each day in the buggy.

How many kilometres did he travel in 10 days?
............. km
1 mark

(c)

The buggy carried the scientist, food and equipment for the journey.
The table shows how the total mass changed.
total mass at start of total mass at end of
journey (kg)
journey (kg)
mass of buggy, scientist, food and
equipment

295

130

The buggy sank deeper into the snow at the start of the journey than at the end.
Why did it sink deeper at the start? Use the table to help you.
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
1 mark

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19

(d)

The buggy rests on three skis instead of three wheels.

Why are skis better than wheels for travelling on snow?
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
1 mark

(e)

When a bigger sail is used, the buggy goes faster.

How does a bigger sail help the buggy to go faster?
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
1 mark
maximum 7 marks

13.

Lisa drew a picture of herself standing at four different positions on the Earth,

C
not to scale

(a)

(i)

Draw an arrow at each of the four positions to show the direction of the
force of gravity on Lisa.
1 mark

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20

(ii)

The drawing at position A shows Lisa holding a ball on a string.

Draw the ball and string in positions B, C and D.
1 mark

(b)

The drawing below shows:

that the Earth goes round the Sun;

that the Earth rotates on its axis.

E a rth
Sun

a x is o f t h e E a r t h

o r b it o f th e E a r th

n o t t o s c a le

Choose from the list below to answer parts (i) and (ii).
60 seconds 60 minutes 24 hours 7 days 28 days 365 days
(i)

How long does it take for the Earth to go round the Sun once?
...................................................................
1 mark

(ii)

How long does it take for the Earth to rotate on its axis once?
...................................................................
1 mark
Maximum 4 marks

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21

14.

The diagram below shows the orbits of Neptune, Pluto and the Earth.
At two points, A and B, the orbits of Neptune and Pluto cross over each other.
A

Sun
B
E a rth

N e p tu n e
P lu t o

not to scale

(a)

What force keeps planets in orbit around the Sun?

...................................................................
1 mark

(b)

Give two reasons why it takes Pluto more time than Neptune to orbit the Sun.
1. ................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................
2. ................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................
2 marks

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22

The British School of Bahrain

23

(c)

(i)

Tom can see the Sun because it is a light source. It gives out its own light.
Neptune and Pluto are not light sources but Tom can see them when he
looks through his telescope.
Explain why Tom can see Neptune and Pluto even though they are not light
sources.
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
2 marks

(ii)

Between points A and B, Pluto is nearer than Neptune to the Earth.

Tom noticed that Pluto is not as bright as Neptune, even when Pluto is
closer than Neptune to the Earth.
Give one reason why Pluto is not as bright as Neptune.
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
1 mark
Maximum 6 marks

15.

In 1610, the Italian scientist, Galileo, observed four bright moons near Jupiter.
Each night the moons moved.
(a)

(i)

The Sun and stars are light sources, and the planets are seen by reflected
light. Explain how we can see the moons of Jupiter.
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
2 marks

(ii)

The four moons are approximately the same distance from the Earth.
However, they do not have the same brightness.
Suggest one reason for this.
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
1 mark

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The British School of Bahrain

25

(b)

The table shows the distances of the four moons from the centre of Jupiter, and
the times of their orbits. Europas distance has been left out.
name of
moon

distance from
Jupiter, in
millions of km

time for one

orbit, in
Earth days

0.42

1.8

Europa

3.6

Ganymede

1.07

7.2

Callisto

1.88

16.7

The graph was plotted using the information in the table.

C a llis to

16
14
12
t im e f o r o n e 1 0
o r b it o f t h e
8
m o o n , in
E a rth d a y s
6

G anym ede

4
2

Io

0
0

0 .2

0 .4

0 .6

0 .8

1 .0

1 .2

1 .4

1 .6

1 .8

2 .0

2 .2

d is ta n c e fr o m J u p it e r, in m illio n s o f k m
Use the graph to estimate Europas distance from Jupiter.
............................................................................................ millions of km
1 mark

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26

(c)

Galileo realised that Jupiter and its moons formed a model of our Solar System.
In this model:
what did Jupiter represent? .........................................................................
what did the moons represent? ...................................................................
1 mark
Maximum 5 marks

16.

The diagram below shows bones and muscles of the human arm.
The biceps and triceps are muscles that contract to move the bones of the lower arm.

(a)

What do the biceps and triceps do to move the arm in the direction shown by the
arrow?
Tick the correct box.
The biceps and the triceps contract at the same time.

The biceps contracts and the triceps relaxes.

The biceps relaxes and the triceps contracts.

The biceps and the triceps relax at the same time.

1 mark

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27

(b)

Ligaments hold bones together at a joint. Ligaments can stretch.

Why must ligaments be able to stretch?
.........................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................
1 mark

(c)

The diagram below shows an elbow joint.

(i)

The ends of the bones at a joint are covered by a layer of smooth material
called cartilage.
There is also a fluid in the joint.
Why are cartilage and fluid needed in a joint?
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
1 mark

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28

(ii)

In the joint shown below, some of the cartilage has broken off.

Suggest one way this damage will affect the joint.

...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
1 mark
maximum 4 marks

17.

(a)

Diagram 1 is a simplified drawing of bones and muscles in a left leg viewed from
the outer side.

(i)

Muscle A contracts. What effect does this have on the leg?

.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
1 mark

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29

(ii)

Muscles are found in antagonistic pairs. Write the letters of the pair of
muscles which control the bending and straightening of the leg at the knee.
.............................................................................................................
1 mark

(iii)

When one muscle of an antagonistic pair contracts the other muscle does
not relax completely, but maintains some tension.
What is the advantage of maintaining tension in both muscles.
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
1 mark

(b)

Diagram 2 shows the elbow joint. Tissue X covers the ends of the bones at
the joint.

(i)

Give the name of tissue X. .

1 mark

(ii)

Osteoarthritis is a very painful condition. In the joints of people with

osteoarthritis small pieces of tissue X break off.
Suggest two effects this could have on the joint.
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
2 marks

(c)

Tendons are shown in diagram 1 and ligaments are shown in diagram 2.

Ligaments can stretch much more than tendons.
(i)

Explain why ligaments at the elbow need to stretch.

.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
1 mark

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30

The British School of Bahrain

31

(ii)

Explain why it is necessary that tendons hardly stretch at all when a muscle
contracts.
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
1 mark
Maximum 8 marks

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32