The NZ Centre of Mathematics

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INTEGERS

Integers: The set of whole numbers and their opposites

{…-3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, . .}

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Integers
Contributors: Malinda Chand, Kim Freeman, Mike Laker, Ann MacGregor.

This eBook is designed to help you learn the topic of Integers.

Published in 2010 by:

Mahobe Resources (NZ) Ltd
P.O. Box 109-760
Newmarket, Auckland
New Zealand

www.mahobe.co.nz
www.mathscentre.co.nz

© Mahobe Resources (NZ) Ltd

ISBN(13) 9781877489112

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 Comparing and Exercises
Ordering Integers For each of the following, draw a number
line and graph the integers given from
Negative integers Positive integers least to greatest.

-8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1. -9, 4, -3, 1, 0, 8
Less than Greater than 2. -11, 5, -7, 0, -2
Zero is neither negative nor positive 3. 15, -7, -4, 8, -5
4. 30, 50, -10, -5, 40
Examples 5. -25, -30, -15, 10
Water freezes at 0°C but some insects can still survive by
The table below shows the daily high
expelling excess water and producing a chemical that temperatures at Antartica’s Scott Base
lowers the temperature at which the water in their body during one week in March.
freezes. This lowered temperature is called “supercooling”.
Day Temperature
Insect Supercooling point Sun -16°C
Arctic Beetle -52°C Mon -17°C
Gall Beetle -35°C Tue -9°C
Goldenrod Gallfly -8°C Wed -13°C
Thu -18°C
Red Flat Bark Beetle -150°C
Fri -25°C
Snow Flea -21°C
Sat -21°C
Woolly Bear Caterpillar -70°C
Upis Beetle -77°C 6. Did the temperature increase or
decrease from Sunday to Monday?
The number line below shows these temperatures ordered
7. Did the temperature increase or
decrease from Friday to Saturday?
from least to greatest. 8. Which was the coldest day?
9. Which was the hottest day?
-150 -77 -52 -35 -21 -8 10. What was the mean temperature for
-70 °C the week?
-140 -120 -100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0
Copy and complete the statements below
using a > or < sign
Less Than (<) or Greater Than (>)
11. -7 ___ 5
-7 > -12 -5 < 0
12. -9 ___ -15
13. 0 ___ 5
-12 -11 -10 -9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 14. 5 ___ -15
15. -20 ___ 15

16. The lowest temperature recorded on

-2 < 2
Earth was -89°C in Antarctica in
1983. Which insect in the
INTEGERS, isbn 9781877489112

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 “supercooling” example was

probably tested in a laboratory?

3 > -5

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Woolly bear caterpillar Red flat bark beetle

www.mathscentre.co.nz 3
 17. In 1989, data collected by the Voyager spacecraft
showed the surface temperature of Triton, Neptune's
largest moon, to be -236˚C. Recent data from the Hubble
telescope showed the temperature to be -234˚C. Did the
Hubble data indicate a temperature less than or greater
than the one based on the Voyager data?

18. A scuba diver studying marine life is 2 metres below sea

level. From that depth, the diver descends another 15
metres to the ocean floor. After 15 minutes studying the
area he rises 8 metres and rests to avoid decompression
illness. Where is the diver relative to sea level?

19. Your bank account statement shows an overdraft of $25.

You deposit $100, then spend two amounts at the mall:
one for $12 and one for $55. What is your new balance? Neptune shown on Triton’s horizon.

20. The lowest temperature ever recorded on Earth was

measured at -89˚C, and was recorded at Lake Vostok in
Antartica. The lowest temperature ever recorded in New
Zealand was in Ophir, Central Otago and was about
62˚C higher. What was the record low temperature in
New Zealand?

21. Kick-'em-Jenny is an underwater volcano in the

Caribbean Sea. Each year, eruptions cause the volcano The 1939 eruption of Kick `Em Jenny
to grow. In 1962, the summit elevation of Kick-'em-Jenny probably looked similar to this eruption of the
Kavachi Submarine Volcano in the Solomon
was measured at -235 meters. In 2008, the summit Islands. (Photo by Pamela Brodi, 2000)
elevation was measured at -171 meters. By how many
meters did the elevation of the volcano change? Temperature Stages in the
Production of Ice-cream
22. There are four stages in the production of ice cream. Pasteurisation
80°C
First, the mix is raised to a temperature of 80˚C to
destroy any bacteria. This is called pasteurisation. Next,
the temperature is lowered to -5˚C for the mix to age.
Flavours are then added and the temperature is lowered
to -40˚C to harden the ice cream. Finally, the ice cream
is moved to a freezer with a temperature of -15˚C. Using 0°C
this information, calculate the change in temperature Aging
Ready
between the four consecutive stages. for sale
-40°C Hardening
23. Ethylene glycol is a chemical that, added to water, lowers
its freezing point. Solution 1, is one part ethylene glycol
and three parts water. The freezing point is -11˚C. The
freezing point of solution 2, which is two parts ethylene
glycol and two parts water, is -35˚C. Which solution has
the lower freezing point and by how much lower is it?

24. Surtsey is a volcanic island off the coast of Iceland. It

INTEGERS, isbn 9781877489112

was initially formed by a volcanic eruption in 1963 at

130m below sea level. By 1967 it had reached a
maximum elevation of 174m. Since that time it has been
reducing in size due to wind and wave erosion. What Surtsey Island
was the change in elevation from 1963 to 1967.

25. Food scientists have tested the effects of freezing

cheese and tomato puree filling in lasagne. The filling Lasagne - better eaten
was frozen to a temperature of -21°C and then raised by hot than cold.
235°C. What was the final temperature of the filling?

4 www.mathscentre.co.nz
 Exercises Adding and Subtracting
Add the following integers.
Integers
1. -7 + 8
2. -5 + 3
You can use a number line to add or subtract integers.
3. -2 + 9
4. -10 + 7
5. -13 + 19 For example:
6. -8 + 17 -5 + 9 = 4
7. -3 + 3
8. -14 + 27 + 9
9. -12 + 4
10. -9 + 19
11. -6 + 17
-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
12. -11 + 6
13. 8 + 7
14. 0 + 12 8 - 15 = -7
15. -1 + 15
- 15

Subtract the following integers.

16. 12 - 18 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
17. 9 - 9
18. -2 - 8 31. How can you tell whether the sum of -85 and 52 will be
19. -6 - 9 positive or negative?
20. 14 - 27
21. 8 - 15 Write these sentences as sums and calculate the answers.
22. 0 - 5 32. The temperature was 12°C during the day but fell 19°C
23. -1 - 10 that night.
24. 6 - 8
25. 3 - 11 33. The car was parked 5 floors underground. Jones traveled
26. 13 - 7 in the lift from this floor to the 8th floor of the building.
27. 9 - 12
28. -2 - 4 34. Mr Greene had $5000 in the bank. He spent $5400 on a
29. -10 - 4 car. How much does he now have in his bank account?
30. 10 - 21
35. One of the most extreme temperature changes in history
occurred in Alberta Canada when in one hour, the
temperature rose from -19°C to 22°C. What was the
change in temperature?

36. The hottest temperature recorded in the world was in

Libya in 1922, when air temperature in the Sahara desert
reached 58°C. The ground temperature was measured at
66°C. What was the difference between the air
temperature and the ground temperature?
INTEGERS, isbn 9781877489112

37. In 1960, the US Navy sent the submersible mini-

submarine Trieste down into the depths of the Marianas
Trench (the deepest part of the ocean). It touched the
bottom at 10,923m. Mount Everest (the tallest mountain) is
measured at 8850 m. If Mount Everest was moved to the
The USS Trieste (1958) bottom of the Marianas Trench how far below sea level
would its peak be?

-14 -13 -12 -11 -10 -9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

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 Integer Opposites
Two numbers are opposites if they are the same distance from 0 on the number line.
When you add opposites the sum is 0.

For example: The opposite of 6 is -6

6 + (-6) = 0
6 units 6 units

-14-13-12-11-10 -9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

10 units 10 units

The opposite of -10 is 10

-10 + 10 = 0

Exercises
When you add integer opposites the result is Examples
always zero. Add the following integer opposites. Which number value does each diagram
1. (-6) + 6
represent?
2. 10 + (-10)
3. (-8) + 8
4. 2 + (-2) = -3
5. 6 + (-6)
6. (-10) + 10
7. 8 + (-8)
=1
8. (-2) + 2

Integer opposites sum to equal zero. Which number do these diagrams represent?
Therefore If you have the same number of 13.
1s as -1s then you have zero.
14.
=0
15.

16.
INTEGERS, isbn 9781877489112

Use the opposite rule to calculate the following:

9. -7 + 10 + 7
10. -5 + 8 + 5 17.
11. 3 + (-3) + 9
12. 15 + 7 + (-7) 18.

19.

20.

6 www.mathscentre.co.nz
 Adding and Subtracting Negative Integers
Exercises
Use the diagrams to help add the following integers.

1. 3 + (-10)
7 + (-9) = -2
2. 10 + (-6)

3. 9 + (-7)

4. 4 + (-10) 3 + (-8) = -5

5. 10 + (-5)

6. 5 + (-4)
-2 + 8 = 6

7. -8 + 0

8. -2 + 10 -7 + 10 = 3

9. -7 + 10

10. -9 + 5 Integer opposites sum to equal zero. Therefore

If you have the same number of 1s as -1s then
11. -7 + 2
you have zero.
12. -10 + 1

Use the diagrams to help subtract the following integers.

13. 1 - (-1)
5 - (-2) = 7
14. 8 - (-1)

15. 4 - (-4)
4 - (-6) = 10
16. 3 - (-2)

17. 7 - (-1)
-3 - (-2) = -1
18. 2 - (-8)
-8 - (-10) = 2
19. 0 - (-3)
INTEGERS, isbn 9781877489112

20. -6 - (-2)
-9 - (-13) = 4
21. -9 - (-9)

22. -5 - (-8) Subtracting a negative integer is the same as

adding the integer opposite.
23. -10 - (-7)
-9 - (-13) = -9 + 13

24. -7 - (-3) = 4

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 Integer Arithmetic
Exercises
Calculate
1. -3 + (-5) - 6 + 13 = 7
2. -9 + (-2)
3. 8 + (-2)
4. -5 + (-8) -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
5. -3 + 5
6. -9 + 4 - 1 + (- 6) = -7
7. -4 + 9
8. 10 + (-8)
9. 6 + (-13)
-7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
10. 13 + (-9)
11. -5 + (-7)
12. -13 + 5 -5 - (-9) = -5 + 9
13. 13 + (-4)
= 4
14. -8 + (-9)
15. -5 + (-6)
16. -14 + 8
-7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
17. -1 + 10
18. 9 + (-3)
19. 10 + (-20)
20. -2 + 15
21. -12 + 30
22. -5 + -6 A number line can still be used for integer arithmetic.
23. 0 + (-8)
24. -12 + (-3) -14 -13 -12 -11 -10 -9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
25. -4 - 10
26. 5 - 9
27. -1 - 6
28. -8 - 8
29. -6 - (-5)
30. 12 - (-3)
31. 5 - (-8)
32. -8 - (-3)
33. -6 - (-7)
34. 9 - (-5)
35. -6 - (-4)
36. -7 - (-7) Two statue depictions, one of Julius Caesar and the other a young Cleopatra.
37. -11 - 6
38. -15 - (-8) 51. Julius Caesar was born in 100 BC and died in 44 BC. His
39. -3 - 15 mistress Cleopatra was born in 69 BC and died in 30 BC.
40. 0 - (-9) a. How old was Caesar when he died?
41. -14 - (-4) b. How old was Cleopatra when she died?
INTEGERS, isbn 9781877489112

42. -3 - (-9) c. What was the age difference between Caesar and
43. -9 - (-6) Cleopatra?
44. 1 - (-10)
52. A cliff top overlooking the ocean is 123 m above sea
If m = -5, evaluate: level. The sea floor at the foot of the cliff is 15 m below
45. 15 - m sea level. A stone is dropped from the top of the cliff and
46. m - 12 falls to the sea floor. Write an expression that best
47. -7 - m represents the distance the rock has fallen.
48. 20 + m
49. 8 + (-m)
50. -9 + (m)
8 www.mathscentre.co.nz
 More Integer Arithmetic
Exercises
1. At takeoff (T) minus 31 seconds the onboard computers of the
space shuttle Atlantis take over the launch sequence from the
ground network. At T minus 7 seconds, the shuttle's main engines
ignite. At T minus 0 seconds, the solid rocket boosters ignite and
we have liftoff for Atlantis.

At T plus 156 seconds the solid rocket boosters are exhausted of

fuel and they detach from the orbiter and fuel tank. At T plus 9 min,
the external tank separates from the orbiter and at T plus 10 min
30 seconds the orbital maneuvering system engines fire to place
the Atlantis in a low orbit. Finally, at T plus 45 min, the orbital
maneuvering system engines fire again to place the shuttle in a
higher, circular orbit (about 250 miles/400 km). The space shuttle Liftoff for Atlantis
is now in outer space.

What is the time difference between when the onboard computers

take over the launch sequence and when the solid rocket boosters
detach from Atlantis?

2. According to the Guinness Book of World Records, Verkhoyansk,

the river port in North Eastern Siberia, has the most extreme
climate on the planet. The average winter temperature is -50°C
while the average summer temperature is 14°C. What is the
difference between the coldest and hottest average temperatures.
The Verkhoyansky range.
3. The tallest mountain in the world (when measured from base to
peak) is Mauna Kea (white mountain) in Hawaii. Its base is 6000
metres below sea level and it rises 10207 metres. What is the
height of the peak above sea level?

4. Business profits are expressed as a positive number and are

usually referred to as operating in the black. A business loss is a
negative number and is usually referred to as operating in the red.
Look at the 6 month profit - loss graph below and find the sum of The White Mountain - named
because of seasonal snow.
the profits and losses.

$10 500
Monthly Profits and Loss Graph

$5 400
$4 200
INTEGERS, isbn 9781877489112

$2 500

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun

-$6 100

-$12 800

www.mathscentre.co.nz 9
 5. A company’s accounts sheet is shown in the Month Profit Loss
table on the right. It shows the profit and loss Aug $30 000
Sept -$50 000
results for an 8 month period.
Oct -$10 000
Nov $20 000
What was the overall profit or loss? Dec $15 000
Jan -$20 000
Feb $10 000
Mar $15 000

6. A country’s exports and imports are usually collated each month by the government statistics
department. If more money is received from exports than spent on imports then the country is
running a trade surplus. If more money is spent on imports than received from exports then
the country is running a trade deficit. A graph showing 7 months of trade surpluses and deficits
for New Zealand could look similar to that below:

Graph of Monthly Trade Surplus - Deficit

Figures indicate millions ($)

$100m

$50m $40m
$10m

-$20m

-$120m

-$160m

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul

a. What is the change in trade figures between February and March?

b. What is the change in trade figures between March and May?
c. Calculate the total surplus or deficit for the 7 month period.

7. Lake Taupo in the middle of the North Island, New Zealand, is

constantly having its level monitored. The level rises and falls due
to rainfall, winter snow melt and extended dry periods. Over a 4
month period the levels were recorded as: April rise of 2 metres,
May rise of 1 metre, June fall of 5 metres, July rise of 3 metres.
INTEGERS, isbn 9781877489112

How much has the level changed over the 4 month period?

8. A student who has $180 in her account receives a $750 tax refund.
She then pays university course fees of $550. How much does Lake Taupo with the volcanoes
she now have in her account? of Tongariro National Park
beyond
9. Claudia has a -$467 balance on her credit card. She returns a
sweater worth $129 to the store. How much does she now owe on
her credit card?

10 www.mathscentre.co.nz
 10. At the beginning of August, Sabine’s credit card account shows a
debt of $470. She makes a payment of $45 but then makes further
purchases of $160. At the end of August she makes a further
payment of $500. What is the balance of her account at the
PayPal allows payments and
beginning of September? money transfers to be made
through the Internet.
11. The surface temperature on Mars has been measured as -128°C
on a polar night and 27°C at midday when it has been at its
closest orbit point to the sun. Find the range of the temperatures
i.e. The difference between the high and low temperatures.

12. When playing golf the following terms apply:

Par - the number of shots that it should take to hole the golf ball.
The surface of Mars
Birdie 1 shot below par
Eagle 2 shots below par
Bogie 1 shot above par
Double Bogie 2 shots above par

The Ngunguru Golf Course is a nine hole golf course. Ngunguru is

“a place in the sun” just 20 minutes from Whangarei next to the
spectacular Tutukaka coastline. Par for the course is 29 shots. In
one particular game a player scored the following:
One hole on par, two birdies, one eagle, four bogies and one
double bogie. How many points above or below par was the
player and what was their final score?

13. The stock market in New Zealand is run by the NZSX. Company The Pacific Rendezvous motel
complex, next door to the
stocks are bought and sold and their price fluctuates each day. At Ngunguru Golf Course.
the end of each day, week and month the average price across all
stocks is reported and the average price will be either up or down
from the previous period. Over a 6 week period a class took note
of the NZSX trading. The results are listed below:

Week 1: Down 13 points

Week 2: Down 16 points
Week 3: Up 36 points
Week 4: Down 11 points
Week 5: Up 19 points
Week 6: Up 20 points

By how many points has the stock market fallen or risen over the Outside the New Zealand
whole 6 week period? Stock Exchange.

14. If you added up all the integers from -50 to 50 what would be the
sum?

Calculate:
15. 2 + (-7) 27. -24 + (-9) 39. 18 + (-21)
16. -5 + 2 28. 19 + (-15) 40. 23 - 38
INTEGERS, isbn 9781877489112

17. -11 + 5 29. -27 + 18 41. -21 + 25

18. 4 + (-2) 30. 53 - (-18) 42. -50 - (-9)
19. -6 + 7 31. -15 - (-45) 43. 23 - (-23)
20. 8 - (-8) 32. -23 - (-16) 44. -32 - 10
21. 3 - (-5) 33. -33 - 44 45. 25 + (-31)
22. -4 - (-6) 34. -20 - (-20) 46. -19 - 8
23. -7 - 0 35. -26 + 15 47. 29 - (-16)
24. -13 - 2 36. -31 + (-12) 48. -15 - 21
25. 0 + (-27) 37. 13 + (-9) 49. 34 + (-12)
26. -17 + (-25) 38. 27 + (-4) 50. -13 - (-27)

www.mathscentre.co.nz 11
 Multiplying and Dividing Integers
Example
An investor owns shares of stock in an electronics company, an energy company and a construction
company. Over one year the values of the shares change as shown in the table below.
Calculate the total change in value:
Stock Portfolio
Stock number of shares change in value of one share total value change
Electronics 500 decreased $2 $1 000 loss
Energy 300 increase $4 $1 200 gain
Construction 200 decrease $3 $ 600 loss

Total Change in value = (-$400) i.e. $ 400 loss

The bronze statue of the Merrill Lynch Bull in New York’s financial district is
usually identified as symbol of Wall Street, home of the New York Stock Market.

Exercises
1. Scientists were asked to test an electronic GPS device
that would be used in Antartica. They placed the device
in a test chamber set at a temperature of 20°C. Each
minute they lowered the temperature in the chamber by
3°C.

Write an integer that represents the change in the

temperature in the test chamber in 1 minute.

Write a product that represents the total change in

temperature after 7 minutes.

Calculate the temperature in the chamber after 10

minutes. A typical marine GPS device.

2. During a chemical reaction the temperature in a test tube

decreased by 2°C every minute until 9:23am. If the
INTEGERS, isbn 9781877489112

temperature was 15°C at 8:55am what was the

temperature at 9:23am?

3. The colour of fireworks are determined by the heat being

generated. At 480°C the colour is faint red, at 580°C the
colour is dark red, at 730°C bright red, at 930°C bright
orange, at 1100°C pale yellow, 1300°C yellowish white
and 1400°C white. If a set of fireworks is ignited and their
temperature increases by 280°C every second, how long Fireworks across the Sydney
Harbour Bridge. Fireworks are
will it take before the fireworks are the colour white? the result of a chemical reaction

12 www.mathscentre.co.nz
 4. As altitude increases, the air pressure decreases. This
means that the boiling point of water also decreases. At
sea level, water boils at 100°C. As a rough guide, the
boiling temperature decreases by 1°C as altitude
increases by 300 metres.

. Mt Taranaki is found in New Zealand’s North Island. It

has a peak of 2518 metres. If climbers stopped at 2100
metres and boiled some water for a coffee break what
would be the temperature of the boiling water?

. Mt Cook is New Zealand’s highest mountain with a peak

at 3755 metres above sea level. If climbers were boiling
water at a height of 3600 metres what would the boiling Mt Taranaki, New Zealand
temperature of the water?

5. McMurdo Station, in Antarctica, is located on the

southern tip of Ross Island on the shore of McMurdo
Sound in New Zealand territory, 3,500 km due south of
New Zealand. The station is the largest community in
Antarctica and can support up to 1,258 residents. The
table below shows average temperatures at McMurdo
Station from April to September. Find the mean of the
temperatures.

Month Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep

Av Temp °C -19 -21 -19 -22 -24 -21 Smoothing snow at McMurdo Sound
to prepare for aircraft landings.

When Multiplying Two Integers When Dividing Two Integers

SAME Signs - product is POSITIVE The quotient of two integers
e.g. -4 × -14 = 56 5 × 15 = 60 with the same signs is POSITIVE
e.g. 16 ÷ 8 = 2 -27 ÷ -9 = 3
DIFFERENT signs - product is NEGATIVE
e.g. 7 × -8 = 48 -20 × 4 = -80 The quotient of two integers
with different signs is NEGATIVE
The product of any integer and 0 is 0 e.g. -24 ÷ 6 = -4 30 ÷ -10 = 3
e.g. -13 × 0 = 0 0 × 28 = 0

Calculate:
6. 8 × -11 16. -24 ÷ 8 26. -15 × -4
INTEGERS, isbn 9781877489112

7. -6 × -8 17. 0 ÷ -20 27. 24 ÷ -6

8. -5 × -7 18. -36 ÷ -6 28. -18 × 3
9. 0 × -20 19. 28 ÷ -7 29. -54 ÷ -2
10. 20 × -6 20. 40 ÷ -4 30. 20 × -7
11. -9 × -4 21. -39 ÷ -13 31. -200 ÷ -5
12. -4 × 7 22. 96 ÷ -3 32. -90 × -9
13. -15 × 3 23. -42 ÷ -7 33. -76 ÷ 4
14. 4 × -18 24. -98 ÷ 2 34. -6 × -5 ÷ -3
15. 25 × -5 25. -64 ÷ 16 35. -8 ÷ 2 × -3

www.mathscentre.co.nz 13
 3 × (-4) = -12 4 × (-7) = -28 5 × (-6) = -30

-12 ÷ 3 = -4 -28 ÷ 4 = -7 -30 ÷ 5 = -6

each row has a value of -4 each row has a value of -7 each row has a value of -6

-12 ÷ -4 = 3 -28 ÷ -7 = 4 -30 ÷ -6 = 5

there are 3 rows of -4 there are 4 rows of -7 there are 5 rows of -6

36. To find the difference between average temperature, and

actual temperature you can use the expression D = H - A
where H is the historical mean and A is the actual
measured mean temperature.

Use the table below to find the difference between the

average historical temperatures and the measured
temperature means for Auckland during one February.

Find the mean difference between the historical average

temperatures and the actual measurements. Sailing into Auckland City.

Temperatures for Auckland during February

Week 1 2 3 4
Historical Mean 26° 28° 26° 28°
Measured Mean (°C) 24° 25° 27° 24°

37. A MIR submersible is a small type of submarine. It can

dive at a rate of 25 metres each minute.

On one particular day a MIR takes 240 minutes to reach

the lowest point to which it can safely dive. What is its
depth at that point?

How long would the MIR take to dive to -425 metres A Russian deep-manned Submersible MIR.
It provides valuable information for
(425 metres below sea level) if it was diving 25 metres oceanographic researchers.
each minute?

Calculate: When x = -4, Find the value of each

INTEGERS, isbn 9781877489112

38. (-3 × 5) × 4 -8x2 = -8 × -4 × -4 expression when x = -5

39. (8 × -6) × -2 = -128
40. (-6 × -5) × -2 46. -10x2
2
41. -2 × (-8 × -2) 6x = 6 × -4 × -4
— — 75
42. (-7 × -2) × -3 -8 -8 47. —2
43. -3 × (9 × 10) = 96 x
—
44. (4 - 3) × (5 - -1) -8 48. -(8x2)
45. (-5 - 8) × (6 - 10) = -12 2
49. 4x
—
-10
50. x2 + 5x2
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 The Answers
Page 1
1. -9 -3 0 1 4 8

Subtract a Negative -10 -8 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8 10

= 2.
-11 -7 -2 0 5

Add a Positive -12 -10 -8 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8

3.
-7 -5 -4 8 15
Sometimes it is hard to visualise why
-6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
when subtracting a negative number,
4.
you add a positive. This unit of work -10 -5 30 40 50
illustrated it using integer balls.
-10 0 10 20 30 40 50
5.
-30 -25 -15 10
This example = 0
There are the same number of negative -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30

and positive balls. 6. Temperature decreased by 1°C

7. Temperature increased by 4°C
8. Coldest day was Friday (-25°C)
Subtracting -2 equals 2 9. Hottest day was Tuesday (-9°C)
This means 0 - (-2) = 0 + 2 10. -(16+17+9+13+18+25+21) ÷ 7
= -119°C ÷ 7
= 2 = -17°C
11. -7 < 5
12. -9 > -15
Another way of thinking about this is 13. 0<5
14. 5 > -15
using a banking example.
15. -20 < 15
16. The Red Flat Bark beetle
If you owe the bank $100 then you Page 4
have -$100 in your account. 17. Voyager = -236°C, Hubble = -234°C
The Hubble is 2°C greater.
18. The diver moves from -2m to -17m
If your parents subtract your debt (i.e. Then rises from -17m up 8m = -9m
The diver is 9m below sea level.
they pay it off for you) then the 19. -$25 + $100 = $75
account is back to $0. $75 - $12 - $55 = $8 left in account.
20. The calculation is -89 + 62 = -27
INTEGERS, isbn 9781877489112

i.e. -$100 - (-$100) Ophir must have been -27°C

21. The calculation is -235 + 64 = -171
= -$100 + $100
The elevation changed by +64m
= $0 22. Stage 1 to Stage 2 = 80°C to -5°C
This is a change of -85°C
Stage 2 to Stage 3 = -5°C to -40°C
This is a change of -35°C
Stage 3 to Stage 4 = -40°C to -15°C
This is a change of +25°C

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 Page 4 Page 6
23. Solution 2 has the lower freezing point 1. (-6) + 6 = 0
by -24°C 2. 10 + (-10) = 0
-11°C - 24°C = -35°C 3. (-8) + 8 = 0
24. 1963 elevation = -130 m 4. 2 + (-2) = 0
1967 elevation = +174 m 5. 6 + (-6) = 0
-130 m + 304 m = 174 m 6. (-10) + 10 = 0
Change in elevation is +304 m 7. 8 + (-8) = 0
25. -21 m + 235 m = 214 m 8. (-2) + 2 = 0
Final temperature = 214°C 9. -7 + 10 + 7 = 10
10. -5 + 8 + 5 = 8
Page 5 11. 3 + (-3) + 9 = 9
1. -7 + 8 = 1 12. 15 + 7 + (-7) = 15
2. -5 + 3 = -2 13. 6 + (-6) - 4 = -4
3. -2 + 9 = 7 14. 3 + (-3) + 8 = 8
4. -10 + 7 = -3 15. 5 + (-5) = 0
5. -13 + 19 = 6 16. 4 + (-4) + (-6) = -6
6. -8 + 17 = 9 17. 3 + (-3) + 7 = 7
7. -3 + 3 = 0 18. 2 + (-2) + (-3) = -3
8. -14 + 27 = 13 19. 1 + (-1) + 5 = 5
9. -12 + 4 = -8 20. 4 + (-4) + (-2) = -2
10. -9 + 19 = 10
11. -6 + 17 = 11 Page 7
12. -11 + 6 = -5 1. 3 + (-10) = -7
13. 8 + 7 = 15 2. 10 + (-6) = 4
14. 0 + 12 = 12 3. 9 + (-7) = 2
15. -1 + 15 = 14 4. 4 + (-10) = -6
16. 12 - 18 = -6 5. 10 + (-5) = 5
17. 9 - 9 = 0 6. 5 + (-4) = 1
18. -2 - 8 = -10 7. -8 + 0 = -8
19. -6 - 9 = -15 8. -2 + 10 = 8
20. 14 - 27 = -13 9. -7 + 10 = 3
21. 8 - 15 = -7 10. -9 + 5 = -4
22. 0 - 5 = -5 11. -7 + 2 = -5
23. -1 - 10 = -11 12. -10 + 1 = -9
24. 6 - 8 = -2 13. 1 - (-1) = 2
25. 3 - 11 = -8 14. 8 - (-1) = 9
26. 13 - 7 = 6 15. 4 - (-4) = 8
27. 9 - 12 = -3 16. 3 - (-2) = 5
28. -2 - 4 = -6 17. 7 - (-1) = 8
29. -10 - 4 = -14 18. 2 - (-8) = 10
30. 10 - 21 = -11 19. 0 - (-3) = 3
31. For the answer to be positive you would 20. -6 - (-2) = -4
have to add at least 85 21. -9 - (-9) = 0
32. 12°C - 19°C = -7°C 22. -5 - (-8) = 3
33. -5 + 13 = 8 23. -10 - (-7) = -3
34. $5000 - $5400 = -$400 ($400 overdraft) 24. -7 - (-3) = 4
35. -19 + 41 = 22
36. 58 - 66 = -8
INTEGERS, isbn 9781877489112

Page 8
There is a -8°C difference 1. -3 + (-5) = -8
37. -10923 + 8850 = -2073 m 2. -9 + (-2) = -11
2073 metres below sea level. 3. 8 + (-2) = 6
4. -5 + (-8) = -13
5. -3 + 5 = 2
6. -9 + 4 = -5
7. -4 + 9 = 5
8. 10 + -8 = 2

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 Page 8 (cont) Page 10
9. 6 + (-13) = -7 5. Profit $10 000
10. 13 + -9 = 4 6. a. $100 million
11. -5 + (-7) = -12 b. -$20m + $70m = $50 ($70m profit)
12. -13 + 5 = -8 c. -$100 million ($100m loss)
13. 13 + (-4) = 9 7. + 2 + 1 - 5 + 3 = 1 metre rise
14. -8 + (-9) = -17 8. $180 + $750 - $550 = $380
15. -5 + (-6) = -11 9. -$467 + $129 = -$338 (owes $338)
16. -14 + 8 = -6
17. -1 + 10 = 9 Page 11
18. 9 + (-3) = 6 10. -$470 + $45 - $160 + $500 = -$85
19. 10 + (-20) = -10 11. 27°C - (-128°C) = 155°C
20. -2 + 15 = 13 12. 0 (par) + 0 - 2 - 2 + 4 + 2 = 2
21. -12 + 30 = 18 2 shots over = 31 shots
22. -5 + -6 = -11 13. -13 - 16 + 36 - 11 + 19 + 20 = 35
23. 0 + (-8) = -8 Up 35 points for the 6 weeks.
24. -12 + -3 = -15 14. 0 (zero) as when added, each number’s
25. -4 - 10 = -14 opposite cancel out each other.
26. 5 - 9 = -4 15. 2 + (-7) = -5
27. -1 - 6 = -7 16. -5 + 2 = -3
28. -8 - 8 = -16 17. -11 + 5 = -6
29. -6 - (-5) = -1 18. 4 + (-2) = 2
30. 12 - (-3) = 15 19. -6 + 7 = 1
31. 5 - (-8) = 13 20. 8 - (-8) = 16
32. -8 - (-3) = -5 21. 3 - (-5) = 8
33. -6 - (-7) = 1 22. -4 - (-6) = 2
34. 9 - (-5) = 14 23. -7 - 0 = -7
35. -6 - (-4) = -2 24. -13 - 2 = -15
36. -7 - (-7) = 0 25. 0 + (-27) = -27
37. -11 - 6 = -17 26. -17 + (-25) = -42
38. -15 - (-8) = -7 27. -24 + (-9) = -33
39. -3 - 15 = -18 28. 19 + (-15) = 4
40. 0 - (-9) = 9 29. -27 + 18 = -9
41. -14 - (-4) = -10 30. 53 - (-18) = 71
42. -3 - (-9) = 6 31. -15 - (-45) = 30
43. -9 - (-6) = -3 32. -23 - (-16) = -7
44. 1 - (-10) = 11 33. -33 - 44 = -77
45. 15 - (-5) = 20 34. -20 - (-20) = 0
46. (-5) - 12 -17 35. -26 + 15 = -11
47. -7 - (-5) -12 36. -31 + (-12) = -43
48. 20 + (-5) = 15 37. 13 + (-9) = 4
49. 8 + (5) = 13 38. 27 + (-4) = 23
50. -9 + (-5) = -14 39. 18 + (-21) = -3
51. a. 100 - 44 = 56 years old 40. 23 - 38 = -15
b. 69 - 30 = 39 years old 41. -21 + 25 = 4
c. 100 - 69 = 31 years 42. -50 - (-9) = -41
52. 138 m = 123 m + 15 m 43. 23 - (-23) = 46
Rock has fallen 138m 44. -32 - 10 = -42
INTEGERS, isbn 9781877489112

45. 25 + (-31) = -6
Page 9 46. -19 - 8 = -27
1. Difference between -31 and 156 47. 29 - (-16) = 45
seconds is 187 seconds 48. -15 - 21 = -36
(3m 7sec). 49. 34 + (-12) = 22
2. -50 - 14 = -64 (64°C difference) 50. -13 - (-27) = 14
3. 10207m - 6000m = 4207m
4. ($10 500 + $5 400 - $6 100
- $12 800 + $4 200 + 2 500)
= $3 700 overall profit

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 Page 12 37. 25 metres/minute × 240 minutes
1. -3°C = 6000 metres
7 × (-3°C) = -21°C -425 metres ÷ 25 metres/minute
10 × (-3°C) = -30°C = 17 minutes
Starting temperature = 20°C 38. (-3 × 5) × 4 = -60
Temperature decreases by -30°C 39. (8 × -6) × -2 = 96
Final temperature 20 - 30 = -10°C 40. (-6 × -5) × -2 = -60
2. Time taken = 28 minutes 41. -2 × (-8 × -2) = -32
-2°C × 28 = -56°C 42. (-7 × -2) × -3 = -42
15°C - 56°C = -41°C 43. -3 × (9 × 10) = -270
3. 1400°C ÷ 280°C/second = 5 seconds 44. (4 - 3) × (5 - -1) = 6
45. (-5 - 8) × (6 - 10) = 52
Page 13 46. -10 × (-5 × -5) = -250
4. 2100 ÷ 300 = 7 47. 75 ÷ (-5 × -5) = 3
This means the boiling point decreases by 48. -(8 × -5 × -5) = -200
7°C so water will boil at 93°C 49. (4 × -5 × -5) ÷ -10 = -10
3600 ÷ 300 = 12 50. (-5 × -5) + (5 × -5 × -5) = 150
This means the boiling point decreases by
12°C and will boil at 88°C
5. -(19 + 21 + 19 + 22 + 24 + 21) ÷ 6
-116 ÷ 6 = -21°C
6. 8 × -11 = -88
7. -6 × -8 = 48
8. -5 × -7 = 35
9. 0 × -20 = 0
10. 20 × -6 = -120
11. -9 × -4 = 36
12. -4 × 7 = -28
13. -15 × 3 = -45
14. 4 × -18 = -72
15. 25 × -5 = -125
16. -24 ÷ 8 = -3
17. 0 ÷ -20 = 0
18. -36 ÷ -6 = 6
19. 28 ÷ -7 = -4
20. 40 ÷ -4 = -10
21. -39 ÷ -13 = 3
22. 96 ÷ -3 = -32
23. -42 ÷ -7 = 6
24. -98 ÷ 2 = -49
25. -64 ÷ 16 = -4
26. -15 × -4 = 60
27. 24 ÷ -6 = -4
28. -18 × 3 = -54
29. -54 ÷ -2 = 27
30. 20 × -7 = -140
31. -200 ÷ -5 = 40
32. -90 × -9 = 810
INTEGERS, isbn 9781877489112

33. -76 ÷ 4 = -19

34. -6 × -5 ÷ -3 = -10
35. -8 ÷ 2 × -3 = 12
36. Week 1 2 3 4
H-A 2°C 3°C -1°C 4°C
Mean of differences
(2 + 3 + (-1) + 4) ÷ 4 = 8 ÷ 4
= 2°C

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