Design and Implementation of Low Power and High Performance 0.13 M CMOS Dynamic Comparator For Analog To Digital Converter
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ijsretDesign and Implementation of Low Power and High Performance 0.13 M CMOS Dynamic Comparator For Analog To Digital Converter
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ijsretInternational Journal of Scientific Research Engineering & Technology (IJSRET), ISSN 2278 0882
Volume 3, Issue 8, November 2014
1239
Design and Implementation of Low Power and High Performance 0.13m
CMOS Dynamic Comparator for Analog to Digital Converter
Akanksha1, Jaya Nidhi Vashishtha2
1
2
(Department of Electronics and Communication, IMS Engineering college, Ghaziabad
(Department of Electronics and Communication, IMS Engineering college, Ghaziabad
ABSTRACT
that reason they are mostly used in large abundance in
The proposed design is a CMOS dynamic comparator
using dual input double output differential amplifier as
latch stage suitable for high speed analog-to-digital
converters with low power dissipation and high
performance. The designs output shows lower power
dissipation and higher speed than the other latch type
voltage sense comparator. The proposed dynamic
comparator topology is based on positive feedback
where two cross coupled differential pair and two
switchable current sources are used. The circuit is
designed using 0.13 m CMOS technology and the
desired output obtained with 20 MHz clock frequency
and 3.3V power supply.
analog-to-digital converter.
In the analog-to-digital conversion process, it is initial
step to first sample the input. And the sampled signal is
then given as input to a combination of comparators to
determine the digital equivalent of the analog signal. The
analog to digital signal converting speed of comparator
is limited by the decision making response time of the
comparator [3]. The basic functionality of a CMOS
comparator is used to find out whether a signal is greater
or smaller than zero or to compare an input signal with a
reference signal and outputs a binary signal based on
comparison. Apart from that, comparators are also found
in many other applications like zero-crossing detectors,
peak detectors, switching power regulators, data
transmission, and others.
Keywords ADC, differential amplifier, dynamic
comparator, high speed, low power
I.
II.
INTRODUCTION
High speed devices like high speed analog to digital
converters, operational amplifiers became of great
importance. And for high performance applications, a
major attention is given towards low power dissipation.
Power dissipation minimization can be achieved by
moving towards smaller feature size processes.
However, as we give importance to smaller circuit area,
the other parameter variations and other non-idealities
will greatly affect the overall performance of the device
[1]. Now analog-to-digital converter requires lower
power dissipation, better slew rate, high speed, less
Offset.
The comparator is a circuit that compares an analog
signal (voltage) with another analog voltage or reference
voltage and outputs a binary signal based on the
comparison. Comparators are most probably second
most widely used electronic components after
operational amplifiers in this world. Comparators are
known as analog-to-digital converter for 1 bit and for
DYNAMIC COMPARATOR
Dynamic comparator are the comparators which are
clocked and only provide an output after the transition of
the clock. The speed of clocked comparators can be very
high and the power dissipation of clocked comparator
can be very low. Regenerative feedback is often used in
dynamic comparators and they are used in designing of
high speed ADCs.
Latch type sense amplifiers are used to read the contents
of the different kinds of memory, analog to digital
converters, data receivers and on-chip transistors since
they yield fast decision due to positive feedback [4].
These are very effective comparators. Latch type voltage
sense amplifier that uses back to back latch stage to
generate positive feedback.
Using this sense amplifier (SA) in low-voltage deep-submicron CMOS technologies is difficult because stack of
the four transistors requires large voltage headroom. And
also offset voltage and speed of this sense amplifier is
very much dependent on the common mode voltage of
the input because of which it is problematic to use this
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International Journal of Scientific Research Engineering & Technology (IJSRET), ISSN 2278 0882
Volume 3, Issue 8, November 2014
sense amplifier in Analog-to-digital converters where
wide common mode ranges are used [9].
delay is the average of rising propagation delay
falling propagation delay .
1240
and
(2)
Fig.1. Latch type voltage sense comparator
The proposed comparator provides better input offset
characteristic and faster operation. The back-to-back
latch stage is replaced with back-to-back dual input
single output differential amplifier stage. Differential
amplifier has so many merits over the conventional latch
which is nothing but an inverter.
Proposed dynamic comparator rejects common mode
noise or in other words it has better common mode
rejection ratio. Another property of proposed dynamic
comparator is the increase in maximum achievable
voltage swings due to the differential scaling. It also
provides simpler biasing and higher linearity. Here our
main purpose is to reducing the rising and falling
propagation delay of the output waveform with change
in input and clock signal.
The static and dynamic characteristics of comparators
are gain, output high, low states, input resolution, offset,
noise and propagation delay. For ADC application, the
important characteristics of dynamic comparator are gain
and propagation delay [10].
Gain of the comparator can be written as:
Gain,
Fig.2. Proposed design of dynamic comparator
III.
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
The output voltage is changing from logic 0 to logic
1, when the input voltage is larger than the reference
voltage.
(1)
Where V is input voltage change
Propagation delay can be defined as at how much speed
the amplifier responds with applied input. Propagation
Fig.3. Simulated waveform of dynamic comparator
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International Journal of Scientific Research Engineering & Technology (IJSRET), ISSN 2278 0882
Volume 3, Issue 8, November 2014
The simulated waveform, which is produced by the
proposed dynamic comparator is shown in Fig. 3. If the
input is greater than the reference voltage, the output
changes from the low logic to high logic at the rising
edge of the clock. The output voltage does not change
till the input voltage is become less than the reference
voltage at the rising edge of the clock occurs.
The power dissipation of the proposed dynamic
comparator is 2.141 W and the propagation delay of the
circuit is 0.1 ns with 20 MHz clock frequency.
IV.
CONCLUSION
A new dynamic comparator using positive feedback
which shows higher speed, low power dissipation than
the latch type voltage sense dynamic latched
comparators has been proposed & targeted for ADC
application. The results are simulated using 0.13m
CMOS technology. In the proposed dynamic comparator
design, the back-to-back inverter circuit is replaced with
dual input double output differential amplifier in the
latched stage. The noise present in the input and the
clock is suppressed by the differential amplifiers present
in the output latch stage. High speed dynamic
comparators are mostly used in analog to digital
comparators but they are also used in zero-crossing
detectors, peak detectors, data transmission etc.
1241
Communication Engineering, ISSN 0974-2166, Vol 6,
pp 75-80, 2013.
[6] H.J. Jeon, Y.B. Kim, A Low-offset High-speed
Double-tail Dual-rail Dynamic Latched Comparator,
ACM GLSVLSI10(Great Lakes Symposium on VLSI),
May 16-18, 2010.
[7] Neil H.E.Weste, David Harris, CMOS VLSI Design,
Third edition, 2005.
[8] Behzad Razavi, Design of analog CMOS Integrated
Circuits, McGraw hill international edition, 2001.
[9] Smriti Shubhanand, Shiva Jaiswal, Fully dynamic
latched CMOS comparator for flash analog to digital
converters, International Journal of Software and
hardware Research in engineering, volume 2, issue 5,
May 2014.
[10] S.Gambini, Bernhard E. Boser, Ali M. Niknejad,
EECS 240 analog integrated circuits Topic 15.
[11] Jeon, Heung Jun, Low-power high-speed low-offset
fully dynamic CMOS latched comparator (2010).
REFERENCES
[1] B. Goll and H. Zimmmermann, A comparator with
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