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Definitions Docx2

This document defines key aeronautical terms related to aircraft flight performance including: Mach number, speed of sound, critical Mach number, Reynolds number, boundary layer, indicated airspeed (IAS), calibrated airspeed (CAS), equivalent airspeed (EAS), true airspeed (TAS), zero lift drag, ramjet, scramjet, turbofan, flight envelope, fuel weight fraction, mass ratio, thrust specific fuel consumption, best range condition, endurance, rate of climb, range, velocity, ground speed, position error, aspect ratio, angle of attack, pitch angle, lift, drag, turboprop, turbojet, load factor, take off, specific energy, specific power, specific excess power, centre

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Ayman Keir
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58 views

Definitions Docx2

This document defines key aeronautical terms related to aircraft flight performance including: Mach number, speed of sound, critical Mach number, Reynolds number, boundary layer, indicated airspeed (IAS), calibrated airspeed (CAS), equivalent airspeed (EAS), true airspeed (TAS), zero lift drag, ramjet, scramjet, turbofan, flight envelope, fuel weight fraction, mass ratio, thrust specific fuel consumption, best range condition, endurance, rate of climb, range, velocity, ground speed, position error, aspect ratio, angle of attack, pitch angle, lift, drag, turboprop, turbojet, load factor, take off, specific energy, specific power, specific excess power, centre

Uploaded by

Ayman Keir
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Mach number - the speed of an object moving

through any fluid divided by the speed of sound


as it is in that substance
Speed of Sound- =

RT

ratio specific

heat*temp*R
Critical Mach number -the Mach number when
the local Mach number on the wings upper
surface reaches 1
Reynolds number-dimensionless parameter
representing ratio of inertial forces to viscous
forces. decreases with alt
Boundary layer-thin layer of slow moving fluid
flow with high viscosity on a body surface
IAS-IAS as shown on airspeed indicator uses
mean sea level density.
CAS-speed of aircraft after IAS is correct for
position errors
EAS-CAS after corrected for high speed flow
effect/compressibility. accurate air speed value
TAS- true air speed is calculated by adjusting an
IAS according to temperature, density, and
pressure.
Zero lift drag-Cdo-drag when lift =0.
dimensionless parameter that relates 0-lift drag
force to an aircraft's size, speed and flying
altitude

Ramjet-air is rammed in at high speed so no


need for compressor. efficient at M>8
Scramjet- a ramjet in which combustion takes
place in a stream of gas moving at supersonic
speed.
Turbofan- a jet engine in which a turbine-driven
fan provides additional thrust.
Flight envelope-capabilities and operating
parameters incorporating the range of
combinations of speed, AOA, n of which aircraft
is aerodynamically stable. a plot of Vmin and Vmax
as function of altitude define flight envelope.
Fuel weight fraction-ratio of fuel consumption in
a given mission leg to an aircraft's weight at the
start of the mission leg
Mass ratio-ratio of mass at start to mass at end
Thrust specific fuel consumption-fuel
consumption per thrust produced. lower values
are more efficient
Best range condition-optimum velocity to
produce the maximum range possible with min
fuel burned
Endurance-length of time an aircraft can fly per
a given load of fuel at a given set of flight
conditions
Rate of climb-an aircraft's vertical speed minus
change in altitude

Range-distance an aircraft can fly at certain


flight conditions, parameters and load of weight

Max climb angle-the steepest angle or max gain


of alt for a given horizontal distance

Velocity-rate of change of distance over time

Load factor-represents stress of which an


aircraft is subjected to

Ground speed -speed of aircraft relative to


ground calculated between two known
reference points
Position error-obtained when static vents are
located in an area of changing air flow such as
behind control surfaces

Take off-when landing gear leaves the ground,


or when the aircraft reaches 50ft from ground,
or when landing gear and flaps are fully
retracted
Specific energy-total energy/ weight

Aspect ratio-ratio of wing span(b) to chord(c) or


wing area(S) - a=(b^2)/S or a=b/c

Specific power-rate of change of specific


energy/ change in time

Angle of attack-angle between the mean chord


line and the relative air flow

Specific excess power-excess power/weight

Pitch angle-angle between the aircrafts


longitudinal axis and horizontal plane
Lift-force acting perpendicular to flow
Drag-force acting parallel to flow
Turboprop-uses gas turbine engine to power
prop
Turbojet-thrust produced by exit velocity

Centre of gravity- The longitudinal and lateral


point in an aircraft where it is stable; the static
balance point.
Aerodynamic centre- the point at which the
pitching moment coefficient for the airfoil does
not vary with lift coefficient (i.e. angle of
attack).
Induced drag - Induced drag occurs because of
the distribution of lift across the span of the
wing

parasitic drag- the part of the drag on an


aircraft that is contributed by nonlifting
surfaces, such as fuselage, nacelles

air speed indicator - device that measure the air


speed of aircraft through an air mass, but not its
ground speed

form drag - that part of the drag on an aerofoil


which arises from its shape.

stall- sudden loss of lift when AOA increases to a


point where flow break away from aerofoil

interference drag- Interference Drag is drag that


is generated by the mixing of airflow
streamlines between airframe components such
as the wing and the fuselage

Steady level turn - a turn where IAS and altitude


are constant
buffet- irregular oscillations of aircraft structure
caused by turbulent airflow of conditions of
compresibility

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