Lesson 11-Marine Diesel Engines (2)

For better understanding of a whole diesel engine, it is quite necessary to have some
idea about the operation or purpose of diesel engine parts. Each part or unit has its own
special function to perform and in conjunction with the other parts constitutes a diesel
engine. Those who want to operate, repair or assemble diesel engines must be able to
recognize different parts by sight and know what their particular functions are.
With different number and arrangement of cylinders, diesel engines vary in their
outer appearance and size as well as in the details of construction. However, they all have
the same main parts which, though the parts may look different, will perform the same
functions. By parts each diesel engine can be separated into fixed parts and moving parts.
Roughly speaking, fixed parts refer to the bedplate which rests on a hull structure termed
as engine foundation or engine seat, engine frame, cylinder block and cylinder cover (or
cylinder head), while moving parts include piston, connecting rod and crankshaft. The
following is a brief introduction on the main parts of a diesel engine.
1. Bedplate
It is to be steel plate welded, and subjected to different forces such as inertia and
impact of the moving parts apart from supporting the whole weight of a diesel engine.
Besides, forces exerting on the bedplate will become more complicated owing to hull
deformation when a vessel is sailing at rough sea. Needless to say, a bedplate must both
be strong enough and sufficiently rigid. On a bedplate there are bearing holes for fitting

Fig. 11.1
1-connecting rod thanh truyn ; 2-piston; 3-cylinder head u xylanh; 4-nozzle vi phun ;
5-indicating valve van ch th ; 6-exhaust valve van x; 7-cooling water nc lm mt ; 8cylinder head casing hp u xylanh ; 9-high-pressure oil pump bm du cao p ; 10casing; 11-bedplate b my ;l2-camshaft trc cam ;l3-mainbearing chnh ; 14-crank
shaft trc khuu; 15-speed governor ci khng ch tc ; 16-flywheel bnh

main bearings, and at the rear of a bedplate thrust bearings to be fitted, which are used to
transfer to hull the axial push caused by a propeller.
2. Engine Frame
Sometimes engine frame is called A-frame because its shape resembles the letter A.
An engine frame has two ends, free end and thrust end, and is mounted up on a bedplate
as the support of cylinders, forming the enclosed space of a crankcase. On an A-frame
there are ahead and astern slide-blocks to guide the crosshead reciprocating movement.
3. Cylinder Block
A cylinder block consists of cylinders and water jackets, which make up the basic
framework of an engine The block is cast in one piece from iron alloyed with other
metals. In addition, passageways are provided to accommodate valve mechanisms and
openings for the intake and exhaust ports. On most engines, the camshaft is supported in
the cylinder block by bushings that fit into machined holes in the block.On some engine,
nevertheless the camshaft is located on the cylinder head. Other parts attached to the
block include water pump, timing gear, flywheel and fuel pump.
Various parts are attached to the cylinder block with sealing gaskets. A good seal is thus

Fig 11.2- 1-bedplate b my ;2-nozzle vi phun ;3-main bearing chnh ; 4-engine

frame khung my; 5-intake pipe ng np ; .6-cylinder block blc xylanh ; 7-cylinder
cover np xylanh; 8-piston; 9-piston pin cht piston ; 10- connecting rod thanh ni ; 11bolt for connecting rod bung ca thanh ni ;12-exhaust pipe ng x ; 13-crankshaft trc
khuu ; 14-camshaft trc cam ; 15-push rod cn y ; 16-rock arm tay lc ; 17-intake
valve van np ; 18-exhaust valve van x ;20-high-pressure oil pump bm du cao p ; 21oil pipe ng du

provided,which prevents the leakage of water, oil or gas by tightening the attaching
bolts,studs or nuts. Studs are threaded both ends. In some locations retaining or lock
washers are to be put under nuts and boltheads.
4. Cylinder Head
A cylinder head is mounted up on the top of the cylinder block and forms the combustion
chamber in connection with a cylinder and piston. What is more, a starting valve, fuel
nozzle, safety valve and indicator valve are fitted on the top of the cylinder head.
5. Piston
The other end of the cylinder working space is closed by the piston that transmits to
the crankshaft the power developed by fuel burning: Piston rings lubricated with engine
oil produce a gas tight seal between piston and cylinder liner. The distance the piston
travels from one end of the cylinder to the other is called stroke.
6. Connecting Rod
One end, called the small end of the connecting rod, is attached to wrist pin or piston
pin located in the piston. The other end or big end has a bearing for the crankpin. The
connecting rod changes and transmits the reciprocating movement of the piston to the
continuously rotating crankpin during the working stroke and vice versa during the other
strokes.
7. Crankshaft
The crankshaft turns under the action of piston through the connecting rod and
crankpin located between crankwebs, or cheeks, and transmits the work from the piston
to the driven shaft. The crankshaft parts supported by and rotating in the main bearings
are referred to as journals. A flywheel of sufficient weight is fastened to the crankshaft
and stores kinetic energy during the power stroke and returns it during the other strokes.
The flywheel helps to start the engine and also serves to make the rotation of the
crankshaft more or less uniform.
A camshaft driven from the crankshaft by a chain drive or timing gear operates the
intake and exhaust valves through cams,cam followers, push rods and rock arms, with
valve springs employed to close valves.
A crankcase serves to hold together the cylinder, piston and crankshaft, to protect all
moving parts and their bearings as well as to provide a reservoir for lubricating oil.
Fuel oil is delivered into the combustion chamber by an injecting system composed
of pump, fuel pipeline and injector, also called fuel injection nozzle or spray nozzle.
New Words and Expressions
1. part n.b phn
2. constitute v. to thnh ,hnh thnh nn
3. outer appearance b ngoi
4, fixed part b phn c nh
5. moving part b phn chuyn ng
6. bedplate n.tm b
7. rest v. ta ln
8. engine foundation (engine seat) b my
9. engine frame khung my

10. cylinder block blc xylanh

11. cylinder cover (cylinder head) np xylanh
12. inertia n .qun tnh
13. impact n.va p
14. rigid a cng vng
15. bearing hole l lp
16. bearing n.
17. main bearing chnh
18. thrust bearing lc y
19. axial push s y dc trc
20. free end u t do
21. thrust end u y
22. ahead n .pha trc
23. astern n pha sau
24. slide-block
25. water jacket o nc
26. framework n.khung
27. passageway n ng i
28. accommodate v.b tr ch
29. valve mechanism c cu van
30. opening l m
31. intake port ca np
32. exhaust port ca x
33. camshaft trc cam
34. bushing nng lt
35. machine v .gia cng my
36. timing gear bnh rng nh thi
37. flywheel n bnh
38. sealing gasket m kn
39. bolt n.bulng
40. stud n .cht
41. nut n . ai c
42. thread v. ren
43. retaining washer rng en hm
44 . lock washer rng en kho
45. bolthead n u bulng
46. combustion chamber bung chy
47. starting valve van khi ng
48. fuel nozzle u phun nhin liu
49. safety valve van an tan
50. indicator valve van ch th
51. piston ring secmng
52. engine oil du ng c
53. gas tight seal m kn kh
54. cylinder liner ng lt xylanh
55. piston pin cht piston

56. crankweb n.m khuu

57. crankpin n.cht khuu
58. crank cheek m khuu
59. driven shaft trc truyn ng
60. journal n.cht
61. kinetic energy ng nng
62. uniform a . ng nht
63. chain drive truyn ng xch
64. intake valve van np
65. exhaust valve van x
66. cam n .cam
67. cam follower thanh truy theo cam
68. push rod cn y
69. rock arm tay rung
70. spring n .l xo
71. reservoir n . bnh cha
72. lubricating oil du bi trn
73. injecting system h thng phun
74. fuel pipeline ng ng du t
75. injector n.vi phun
76. nozzle n. u phun
Verb Phrases and Collocations
1. have some idea about c mt s tng v
2. in conjunction with lin kt vi
3 . by sight quamt nhn
4. roughly speaking ni mt cch n gin
5. needless to say chng cn phi ni
6. at the rear of bn ra
7. mount up lp ln
8. make up to thnh
9. be alloyed with c hp kim vi
10. be attached to c ni vi
11. vice versa v ngc li
12. hold together gi cng vi nhau
BI 11-DIESEL TU THY (2)
hiu k ton b mt my diesel,trc ht cn phi c mt s tng v hot
ng v mc ch ca cc b phn ng c.Mi b phn hay n v c mt chc nng
ring phi thc hin v lin kt vi cc b phn khc to thnh ng c diesel.Nhng ai
mun iu hnh,sa cha hay lp rp ng c diesel cn phi nhn ra cc b phn khc
nhau khi nhn thy chng v bit chc nng ca chng ra sao.Vi s lng v b tr
xylanh khc nhau, ng c diesel khc nhau v v b ngoi v kch thc cng nh chi
tit kt cu.Tuy nhin ,chng u c nhng b phn chnh ,mc du c1c b phhn nhn c
th khc nhau nhng thc hi ncng mt chc nng.Cc b phn ca diesel c th chia

thnh b phn c nh v b phn ng.Ni mt cch n gin,b phn tnh gm b my

trn c ta mt cu trc my c gi l thn my,khung my,blc xylanh v np
xylanh ,trong khi b phn ng gm piston,thanh ni v trc khuu.Sau y gii thiu
ngn gn cc b phn chnh ca diesel:
1-B my
l tm thp hn ,chu cc lc khc nhau nh qun tnh v va p ca cc b
phn chuyn ng cng nh chu ton b trng lng ca ng c.Ngoi ra,lc tc dng
vo b my tr nn cng phc tp do bin dng v tu khi tu gp bin ng.Chng cn
phi ni.b my phi va kho v cng vng.Trn b my ,c nhng l bt
chnh v mt bn ra b my c lp y dng truyn cho thn tu lc y dc trc do
chn vt gy ra.
2-Khung my
i khi khung my c gi l khung ch A bi v hnh dng n ging ch
A.Mt khung my c hai u ,mt u t do v mt u y ,v khung my c lp trn
b my nh l mt gi cho xy lanh ,to thnh mt khng gian kn ca hp
khuu.Trong khung ch A c khi trt u v khi trt ui hng dn chuyn
ng tnh tin ca u khuu
3-Blc xylanh
Blc xylanh gm cc xylanh v o nc ,n to thnh mt khung c bn ca mt
ng c.Blc c c lin mt khi t hp kim ca st vi nhng kim loi khc.Ngoi
ra cn c sn rnh b tr cc c cu van va cc l b tr cc ca np v x.Trong
hu ht cc ng c,trc cam c trong blc xylanh bng ng , ng ny c lp
vo trong l c khoan trong blc .Tuy nhin ,trong mt s ng c,trc cam c
t trong u xylanh.Nhng b phn khc lp trong blc c bm nc,bnh rng nh
thi.bnh v bm nhin liu.Cc b phn khc nhau c ni vi xylanh km theo
lm kn.Ci lm kn ngn chn d g nc,du hay kh bng cch xit cht bu lng,cht
hay ai c.Cht c gia cng ren c hai u.Ti mt s ch ,di ai c hay u bu
lng c thm rng en gi hay rng en xit.
4-u xylanh
u xylanh c lp trn nh ca blc xylanh v cngvi xylanh v piston hnh
thnh nn mt bung t.Ngoi ra,trn nh ca u xylanh cn c lp van khi ng,
u phun nhin liu,van an ton v van ch th .
5-Piston
u kia ca khong khng cng tc ca xylanh c khp kn bng piston,n
truyn ln trc khuu nng lng m cht t chy gy ra.Scmng c bi trn bng
du ng c to nn mt m kn kh gia piston v o xylanh.Khong cch m piston
chy t u n ti u kia ca xylanh c gi l hnh trnh.
6-Cn ni
Mt u c gi l u nh ca cn ni th ni vi cht nm bn trong piston.
u kia hay cn gi l u ln th c cho cht khuu.Cn ni thay i v truyn
chuyn ng tnh tin ca piston thnh chuyn ng quay lin tc ca cht jhuu trong
hnh trnh cng tc v ngc li trong cc hnh trnh khc
7-Trc khuu
Trc khuu quay di tc ng ca piston thng qua cn ni v cht khuu nm
gia cc m khuu v truyn cng t piston sang trc truyn ng.B phn ca trc
khuu c v quay trong chnh c gi l .Mt bnh c trng lng

c mc vo trc khuu v d tr ng nng trong hnh trnh sinh cng v nh nng

lng ra trong cc hnh trnh khc.Bnh gip cho ta khi ng my cng nh dng
lm cho trc khuu quay c u n hn.