Technical Information

KVH (Structural Finger-Jointed Timber)

Duobalken, Triobalken (Glued Solid Timber)

Revised version based on

DIN EN 1995-1-1:2010 (Eurocode 5-1-1)

Publisher:
berwachungsgemeinschaft
KVH Konstruktionsvollholz e.V.
Elfriede-Stremmel-Str. 69
42369 Wuppertal - Germany
Fax 0202 978 35 79
[email protected]
www.kvh.de
Technical information:
bauart Konstruktions GmbH & Co. KG
Spessartstrae 13
36341 Lauterbach
www.bauart-konstruktion.de
Editorial office:
Dr. - Ing. Tobias Wiegand
Layout:
radermacher schmitz pr
53639 Knigswinter - Germany
www.radermacher-pr.de
Photo credits:
Cover, Seite 7. berwachungsgemeinschaft
27, 29, 33, 40: Konstruktionsvollholz e.V.
Page 4:
oben:

Residential building, Schneider,

Bauer Holzbau GmbH,
74589 Satteldorf-Grningen,
Bjrn Rudnik Hausfotografie

unten:

Residential building,
Crailsheim-Tiefenbach,
Bauer Holzbau GmbH,
Bjrn Rudnik Hausfotografie

Page 6:

Page 16:

Page 19:

Korona Holz & Haus GmbH,

51469 Bergisch-Gladbach,
www.korona-holzbau.de
Community center Dierdorf:
mllerblaustein, BauWerkPartner, 89134 Blaustein
House Thomas: HeinzHolzbauplanung & Zimmerei,
57299 Burbach/Hartwig Heinz

Page 25,38:

Prototyp Libeskind Villa; Reception building of Rheinzink

GmbH & Co. KG:
Josef Pieper GmbH, Rheinzink,
45711 Datteln/ proportion
GmbH, 10245 Berlin

Page 35

Office building Firma E+K

Verwaltungs GmbH & Ko.KG:
Bauer Holzbau GmbH,
74589 Satteldorf-Grningen

Contents
1 A high-precision material 3
2 Production and technical characteristics 5
3 Requirements and fields of application 6
4 Product range and preferred cross-sections 12
5 Dimensioning in accordance with DIN EN 1995-1-1 (Eurocode 5-1-1) 13

5.1 Principles 13

5.2 Example calculations for a timber beam ceiling 16

6 Dimensioning reference tables 22

6.1 General 22

6.2 Cross-sectional values and dimensioning values 23

6.3 Dimensioning of ceiling beams 24

6.4 Dimensioning of Posts 34

6.5 Dimensioning of Rafters 35

7 Tenders 38
8 Quality control and marking 40
9 Advantages of KVH, Duobalken and Triobalken 44

1 A high-precision material

KVH , Duobalken and Triobalken are protected

Building with wood has a long tradition. People

brand names.

have used wood for constructing buildings for

thousands of years. Buildings from earlier centu-

Quality controls during the production of KVH

ries which are still in use today provide testimony

structural finger-jointed timber are performed

to the durability and residential quality of buil-

according to the strict rules of the berwachungs-

dings constructed of wood.

gemeinschaft KVH , and producers are also mo-

nitored for compliance by independent testing

Better than required by the standards

organizations at regular intervals. The quality

Residential buildings have to meet high standards

control stipulations of the monitoring group

in terms of safety and comfort. The building needs

are set out in an agreement made with Holz-

to provide good thermal protection in winter,

bau Deutschland (Holzbau Deutschland - Bund

protection against the heat in summer and sound

Deutscher Zimmermeister [Federation of German

insulation. The materials used are expected to be

Master Carpenters]).

ecological and not be harmful to health, and exposed construction features are expected to have

KVH structural finger-jointed timber

a lasting aesthetic appearance while requiring

Solid timber for exposed and non-exposed applications which is strength graded eit-

little care. In addition, modern timber construction

her visually or mechanically and is kiln-dried, planed or exactly sized1) and comes with

requires dimensionally stable, dried solid timber

defined dimensional stability. As a general rule KVH is finger-jointed. It is normally

products with precise dimensions. As the produc-

supplied in lengths of 13 m, but longer lengths are available on request. KVH meets

tion technology in carpenters shops has changed,

the building regulation requirements of DIN 1052: 2008, Annex I (for finger-jointed

with CNC trimming lines now commonplace, so

KVH ) and DIN EN 14081-1 in conjunction with DIN 20000-5 (for non-finger-jointed

materials with clearly defined specifications have

structural timber). What is more, compliance with the supplementary requirements

become a requirement for smooth production

relating to the agreement on structural finger-jointed timber is also monitored by

processes.

internal and external controls and inspections.

1) Exactly sized: Planed to size after drying, without any guarantee of smoothly planed out surfaces.

The aforementioned requirements to be met

by solid timber products are also reflected to
some extent in tighter building regulations. The

and Triobalken (glued solid timber)

requirements set out in the agreement on KVH

Duobalken

structural finger-jointed timber are actually far

Composite solid timber cross-section made of either two or three individual lengths

more stringent than those contained in these

of wood with identical cross-sections which are glued together. The lamellas are

building regulations, as explained below.

finger-jointed as a rule. Duobalken and Triobalken are normally supplied in

lengths of 13 m, but longer lengths are available on request. Duobalken and Trio-

Technological advantages

balken are manufactured in accordance with the general technical approval of the

German building authorities (product approval number Z 9.1-440) as assessed by the

The development of KVH structural finger-

jointed timber and Duobalken and Triobalken

Deutsche Institut fr Bautechnik. Quality-related requirements over and above those

glued solid timber means that customers are now

of the general technical approval, such as requirements to be met by the surface,

able to count on high-precision materials which

are set out in the agreement made with Holzbau Deutschland (Holzbau Deutschland

are available ex stock in numerous dimensions

- Bund Deutscher Zimmermeister). As is the case with KVH , compliance with the

and lengths in the form of kiln-dried, dimensio-

supplementary requirements relating to quality is also monitored through internal

nally stable and planed or exactly sized products.

and external controls and inspections by independent agencies.

Technichal Information KVH , Duobalken , Triobalken - 10/2012

Sustainability
Wood has the advantage over other construction
materials in ecological terms. In addition to its
unique selling point of being the only renewable
structural construction material to be available in
large quantities, the fact that it is also associated
with short transportation distances, is easy to
work, and is produced with no waste are just some
of the reasons why the production of timber building components requires less energy input than
building components made of other materials
which are comparable in functional terms.
Further details are provided in an environmental
product declaration due to be issued in the near
future and which will be contained on the www.
kvh.de homepage.
Precision prefabrication and energy-efficient
construction
The high level of dimensional stability offered by

KVH , Duobalken and Triobalken (see Table 3.1

and 3.2) is an important prerequisite for efficient
mechanical woodworking in firms specializing
in timber construction. Without these types of
timber products it would not be possible to use
cost-saving CNC machines and achieve a high
degree of prefabrication.
Given the high standards that modern buildings
have to meet in terms of energy requirements,
the shells of buildings have to be permanently
airtight. The building components must be finished to an exact fit and the usual moisture-related
changes in the shape of the wood must not
compromise the airtightness. High-tech timber

products such as KVH , Duobalken and Triobal-

ken make it possible to achieve airtight timber

buildings which are therefore energy-efficient and
have a high standard of heat insulation.

Technichal Information KVH , Duobalken , Triobalken , - 10/2012

2 Production and technical characteristics

For the production of KVH , Duobalken and

After the finger jointing (subject to length this can

Triobalken , softwood, in most cases spruce, is

be dispensed with on request) the pieces of tim-

used for primary conversion to rough beams on

ber are cross cut to length and precisely planed

state-of-the-art chipper and circular saw lines. The

or leveled.

side-products of sawing such as bark, chopped

wood and chips are used in full for the generation

For Duobalken and Triobalken this is followed

of energy and the production of paper or derived

by the gluing together of the individual lamellas

timber products.

to form an overall cross-section and then further

planing. The products are cured and stored in air

After drying in fully automated computer-control-

conditioned storage buildings to ensure that the

led kilns, the timber is strength graded. Growth-

beams are dry and dimensionally stable before

related flaws which could reduce the strength of

they are delivered. Every stage of production is

the product are cut out of the beam. The individu-

subject to permanent quality controls (internal

al cross-sections produced in this way are joined

controls and inspections and external controls

together by their ends with finger joints to form

and inspections by independent agencies).

what can theoretically be endless beams.

Table 2.1 - Wood species, strength classes and calculated values of the building physics characteristics
Technical characteristics

KVH

Wood species

Duobalken /Triobalken

Spruce. On request also fir, pine, larch, Douglas fir

Strength class / grading class compliant with

DIN 4074-1
Moisture content um

C24 / S 10 TS1) or S10 K2) TS

15 % 3 %

15 %

Calculated swelling and shrinkage ratio

0.24% per 1% change of wood moisture content

Building materials class in accordance with DIN

EN 13501-1 and/or DIN 4102

D-s2, d0 or B2 (with normal flammability)

Calculated thermal conductivity

Water vapor diffusion resistance factor

0.13 W / (mK)
40

1) The

code "TS" stands for dry-graded, i.e. for grading performed at a moisture content of um 20 %

2) The

code "K" identifies a board which is graded like square-sawn timber or a plank which is graded like square-sawn timber.

3) In

practice, the mean moisture content is decisive for assessing the moisture content. um is the arithmetic mean of the measurements

taken per piece of timber with electrode insertion depths of 5 mm (surface moisture content), 1/2 timber thickness (core moisture
content) and 1/3 timber thickness (mean moisture content).

Technichal Information KVH , Duobalken , Triobalken - 10/2012

3 Requirements and fields of application

KVH structural finger-jointed timber

mentioned future European product standard DIN

IDIN EN 1995-1-1:2010. section 3.2 Solid tim-

EN 15497 will become applicable before 2013.

ber, sets out a requirement on the one hand

for strength grading in accordance with DIN EN

REMARKS: To become applicable in Germany in the

14081-1, while on the other hand requiring finger

future. a German version of DIN EN 15497 has to

joints in accordance with DIN EN 385. Finger-join-

be issued and published in German Bauregelliste B

ted structural timber, such as KVH for example,

(Construction Products List B) from the DIBt. Mo-

is as a general rule permitted to be used for fields

reover, it also requires a concomitant application

of application in which the use of solid timber

standard in the DIN 20000-x series of standards to

is permitted. For finger-jointed structural timber

which the LTB (Listen der technischen Baubestim-

An overview of the product regu-

there is the additional restriction that it is only

mungen [German Lists of Acknowledged Technical

lations applicable at the time of

permitted to be used in Service Classes 1 and 2.

Rules for Works]) can refer.

printing is contained in Table 5.3.

The aforementioned DIN EN 385 standard is not

For non-finger-jointed KVH the European

a harmonized European product standard for

product standard DIN EN 14081-1, in conjunction

structural finger-jointed timber. Not included in

with the corresponding application standard DIN

regulation requirements. KVH structural

the standard, for example, are comprehensive

20000-5, can already be applied today. Applica-

On top of the aforementioned building

finger-jointed timber also has to meet the

requirements for quality controls and marking.

tion standard DIN 20000-5 specifies which of the

additional requirements of the agreement

Until the European product standard for structu-

technical classes contained in DIN 14081-1 are

on structural finger-jointed timber (see

ral finger-jointed timber, known as DIN EN 15497

permitted to be applied in Germany.

Table 3.1).

and currently in preparation, comes into force, the

The use of KVH structural finger-jointed tim-

Annex I, will continue to apply. This is still the

ber in accordance with German standard DIN

case even after 1 July 2012, the date from which

1052:2008 in other European countries needs to

Eurocode 5-1-1 has replaced DIN 1052:2008 as the

be clarified with the owner-builders and the rele-

applicable dimensioning standard in most of the

vant supervisory authorities in good time.

German federal states! At the time of printing of

this brochure it is not anticipated that the afore-

current national product standard, DIN 1052:2008,

Technichal Information KVH , Duobalken , Triobalken , - 10/2012

Duobalken

KVH

Duobalken / Triobalken

Glued solid timber is not covered in EN 1995-1-1

because so far it has not counted as a construction product subject to European definition. This
gap has been closed with the supplement in the
National Annex DIN EN 1995-1-1/NA, section NCI
NA.3.8 Glued solid timber, with the following
definition:
1.

Glued solid timber requires certification of

suitability for use under the building regulations. Certification of suitability for use under

the building regulations for Duobalken and

Triobalken

Triobalken has been obtained in the form

of general technical approval of the German building authorities (product approval
number Z-9.1-440) issued by the Deutsche
Institut fr Bautechnik (DIBt).
2.

Glued solid timber is only permitted to be

used in Service Classes 1 and 2.

3.

Unless stipulated otherwise in the respective

general technical approval of the German
building authorities, the applicable strength,

4.

rigidity and raw density characteristics shall

brochure it is not anticipated that DIN EN 14080:

be those of the individual lamellas.

2012 will become applicable before 2013.

Unless stipulated otherwise in the respective

REMARKS: To become applicable in Germany in the

general technical approval of the German buil-

future, a German version of DIN EN 14080 has to

ding authorities, glued solid timber is to be

be issued and published in German Bauregelliste B

dimensioned in the same way as solid timber.

(Construction Products List B) from the DIBt. Moreover, it also requires a concomitant application

On top of the building regulation requirements in

standard in the DIN 20000-x series of standards to

accordance with general technical approval Z-9.1-

which the LTB (Listen der technischen Baubestim-

440. Duobalken and Triobalken also have to

mungen [German Lists of Acknowledged Technical

meet the additional requirements of the agree-

Rules for Works]) can make reference.

An overview of the product regulations applicable at the time of printing is contained

in Table 5.3.

ment on Duobalken /Triobalken (see Table 3.1).

The use of Duobalken or Triobalken glued

In future. glued solid timber is to be regulated by

solid timber in accordance with German product

the harmonized European product standard for

approval in other European countries needs to be

cross laminated timber and glued solid timber,

clarified with the owner-builders and the relevant

DIN EN 14080. At the time of printing of this

supervisory authorities in good time.

Technichal Information KVH , Duobalken , Triobalken - 10/2012

Fields of application for KVH

Preservative treatment must not be used unless

Finger-jointed KVH is permitted to be used in

necessary.

brochure the new DIN 68800 standard has

Service Classes 1 and 2 in accordance with DIN EN

According to DIN 68800-1: 2011, 8.1.3, constructions

not yet been added to the Listen der tech-

1995-1-1 (see Table 3.3). KVH without finger joints

nischen Baubestimmungen (German Lists

is also permitted to be used in Service Class 3. KVH

dance with DIN 68800-2 should have preference

structural finger-jointed timber is kiln-dried. The

over constructions requiring preservative treatment

REMARKS: At the time of printing of this

of Acknowledged Technical Rules for Works)

with special structural protection of wood in accor-

[LTB]: Until its addition, as anticipated in

requirements of DIN 68800-1: 2011-10, 3.20, to be

in accordance with DIN 68800-3. The same section

the near future, the older and technically

met by kiln-drying (over a minimum of 48 hours in a

also states: In rooms intended to be used as occu-

outdated version of DIN 68800 will continue

process-controlled technical plant at a temperature

piable rooms, no use is to be made of preservative

of a least 55o C to 20 %) are met.

treatment or of building components treated with

to apply in formal terms. However, the

preservative treatment. For workplaces and similar

highest building authorities of the German

federal states have no objection to DIN
68800- 1:2011-10 and DIN 68800-2:2012-02
being applied in advance. Until the new DIN
68800 standard is actually included in the
LTB, agreement to its application should be

Timber products with a permanent moisture

this only applies insofar as it is technically possible.

content of below 20% when installed in a building

can be assigned to Use Class (GK) 0 or GK 1 in

The latest general technical approvals of the

accordance with DIN 68800 and are not at risk from

German building authorities for wood preservatives

wood-destroying fungi.

take account of the requirements of DIN 68800-1:

2011 and prohibit the use of wood preservatives in

sought in advance from the owner-builders

and building regulation authorities. For the

The risk of structural damage from wood-destroying

occupiable rooms and their ancillary rooms and the

up-to-date status of the LTB, please refer to

insects can, on the basis of DIN 68800-1: 2011-10,

avoidable large-scale use in other indoor areas.

the homepage of the Deutsche Institut fr

5.2.1, be completely ruled out for Use Class 0.

In addition, the latest product approvals only permit

Bautechnik (DIBt) (http://dibt.de/de/aktuelles_technische_baubestimmungen.html).

The risk of structural damage from wood-destroying

the product to be used if it is still necessary for the

insects can, on the basis of DIN 68800-1: 2011-10,

protection of the wood after all alternatives for

8.2, be prevented by the use of kiln-dried timber

the structural protection of the wood have been

exhausted. Table 3.3 shows, however, that KVH

timber, for Use Class 1. The conditions for Use Class

is available which is suitable for up to Use Class

GK 2 are not to be expected in practice according to

GK 3.1 and which makes the use of preservative

DIN 68800-2, such that building components which

treatment superfluous.

are roofed over can generally be assumed to have a

moisture content of u 20% and that the conditions
of Use Class GK 0 or 1 can therefore be assumed.
In Use Class GK 3.1 permanent levels of moisture
content of u >20 % are to be expected. Finger-join-

ted KVH is not permitted to be used at this level

of moisture content according to DIN 1052 2008 [3]
and DIN EN 1995-1-1/NA [4]. The use of non-finger-

jointed KVH made of naturally durable Douglas fir

or larch, on the other hand, is possible.

products, such as KVH structural finger-jointed

Technichal Information KVH , Duobalken , Triobalken , - 10/2012

Table 3.1 - Requirements to be met by KVH structural timber in accordance with the inspection regulations and the agreement between the Bund Deutscher Zimmermeister (BDZ) and berwachungsgemeinschaft Konstruktionsvollholz e.V.

Grading criterion

Remarks

Requirements to be met by KVH

Exposed areas
Non-exposed areas
(KVH -Si)
Bereich (KVH -NSi)
Min. S10TS or S10K2) TS;
C24 in accordance with DIN EN 338

Grading class compliant

with DIN 4074-1 1)

Moisture content

um: 15% 3%

Type of cutting

Split-heart;
free-of-heart on request.

Split-heart

Wane

Not permitted

10% of the smaller

cross-section side

Dimensional stability of the

cross-section

DIN EN 336 Dimensional stability class 2:

b 100 mm:
1 mm

b > 100 mm:
1.5 mm
Loose knots and dead knots DIN 4074-1
not permitted. Occasional
Grading class S10
faulty knots or parts of
knots up to max. 20 mm in
diameter are permitted
S 10: A 2/5
not exceeding 70 mm

Knot condition

Knot diameter ratio

The decisive strength, rigidity and raw density characteristics of

relevance for load-bearing capacity are derived for the dimensioning
according to EC 5 from DIN EN 338, Table 1 in conjunction with DIN
20000-5 and EN 1995-1-1/NA. The elasto-mechanical characteristics are
listed in Table 5.5 of this publication.
The specified moisture content is a precondition for dispensing for the
most part with preservative treatment and can also be the precondition for finger joint assembly.
Split-heart: Given that the pith does not always automatically run
through the middle of the log, split-heart is defined as follows: For a
log with an ideal growth form, the pith would be cut through in twostrand cutting.
Free-of-heart: Heart plank with d 40 mm is cut away

The dimensional stability for the longitudinal dimensions must be

agreed between the customer and supplier.
Replacement with natural wood dowels is permitted.

Knot diameter ratio A is determined in accordance with DIN 4074-1.

The following applies for mechanical grading::
Knot sizes are not taken into consideration for KVH -NSi
A 2/5 applies for KVH -Si

Ingrown bark

Not permitted

DIN 4074-1

Cracks, radial cracks caused

by shrinking (shrinkage
shakes)
Pitch pockets

Width of the crack b must

be 3% of the respective
cross-section width
Width b 5 mm

DIN 4074-1

For Si the requirements are higher than those applicable to grading

class S10 in accordance with DIN 4074-1.

Additional criterion

Discoloration

Not permitted

DIN 4074-1

For Si the requirements are higher than those applicable to grading

class S10 in accordance with DIN 4074-1.

Insect attack

Not permitted

DIN 4074-1

For Si the requirements are higher than those applicable to grading

class S10 in accordance with DIN 4074-1

Twisting

Longitudinal warping

Finishing of the ends

8 mm/2 m for split-heart 8 mm/2 m

cutting
for split-heart cutting
4 mm/2 m for heart-free
cutting
Trimmed perpendicular

The permissible extent of twisting is not specified in further detail

because no unacceptable twisting is to be expected if all the other
criteria are complied with.
In comparison:
In accordance with DIN 4074-1 S10:
8 mm/2 m

Surface quality

Planed and chamfered

Finger-jointing

Leveled and chamfered

DIN EN 385

1) The German national grading standard DIN 4074-1 complies with the requirements of EN 14081-1, which is referred to by EN 1995-1-1 as a decisive grading standard for
solid timber. Using DIN EN 1912 it is possible to assign the national grading classes for square-sawn timber and for boards and planks used as square-sawn timber to the
European strength classes from DIN EN 338.
2) The code "K" identifies a board which is graded like square-sawn timber or a plank which is graded like square-sawn timber.

Technichal Information KVH , Duobalken , Triobalken - 10/2012

Fields of application for Duobalken and Triobalken

Service Class 1 and 2 in accordance with DIN EN 1995-1-1 (see Table 3.3). In all respects the information relating to

KVH applies.

Table 3.2 - Requirements to be met by Duobalken and Triobalken in accordance with the general technical approval (abZ) of the DIBt Z-9.1-4401) dated 30/01/2009
1)

The German grading standard DIN 4074-

Grading criterion

1 complies with the requirements of EN

14081-1, which is referred to by EN 1995-1-1
as a decisive grading standard for solid
timber. Using DIN EN 1912 it is possible

Technical standard
Grading class compliant
with DIN 4074-11)

Requirements to be met by Duobalken

and Triobalken

Exposed areas
Non-exposed areas
abZ Nr. Z-9.1-440
Min. S10 TS or S10K2) TS;
C24 in accordance with DIN EN 338

to assign the national grading classes for

square-sawn timber and for boards and
planks used as square-sawn timber to the
European strength classes

Moisture content um
Dimensional stability of the
cross-section

from DIN EN 338.

2) The

code "K" identifies a board which is

Max. 15%

Twisting

4 mm/2 m

In comparison:
DIN 4074-1:S 10: 8 mm/2 m

Longitudinal warping

4 mm/2 m

In comparison:
DIN 4074-1:S 10: 8 mm/2 m

Surface quality

Planed and chamfered

Leveled and chamfered

Finishing of the ends

Trimmed perpendicular

Gluing together of the

timber

in accordance with abZ Z-9.1-440

Finger-jointing

The decisive strength, rigidity and raw density

characteristics of relevance for load-bearing
capacity are derived from abZ Z 9.1-440. They are
listed in Table 5.5 of this publication.
Precondition for gluing

DIN EN 336, Dimensional stability class 2 The dimension tolerances for length must be
b 10 cm 1.0 mm
agreed between the customer and supplier.
b > 10 cm 1.5 mm

graded like square-sawn timber or a plank

which is graded like square-sawn timber.

Remarks

10 Technichal Information KVH , Duobalken , Triobalken , - 10/2012

DIN EN 385

The right-hand sides (sides adjacent to the heart)

must face outwards

Adhesive type I according to DIN EN 301

Use characteristics according to DIN 68141

Table 3.3 - Service and use classes

Service classes in
accordance with DIN EN
1995-1-11)
NKL 1 Dry areas
um 12 % (5 bis 15 %) or

Use class in
accordance
with DIN
68800-1: 2011

GK 0

Conditions of use

open but roofed-over areas of installaGK 1

permanently closed skin

moisture content permanently um 20%
the risk of structural damage from insects can, on the basis of DIN 68800-1:
2011, 5.2.1, be ruled out.

1) The

Use of KVH .
Duobalken /Triobalken

values in brackets indicate the antici-

pated moisture levels of components

in air currents according to
DIN EN 1995-1-1/NA..

KVH or Duobalken /Triobalken

made of softwood

tion (no direct exposure to the weather)

moisture content permanently

um 20%

NKL 2 Areas susceptible to high humidity

um 20 % (10 bis 20 %)
GK 2

roofed over
not exposed to the weather
occasionally but not permanently
um > 20%

These conditions are not to be

expected in practice according to
DIN 68800-2.
If components are assigned to GK2
nevertheless, the use of KVH or
Duobalken / Triobalken made
from larch,pine or Douglas fir
heartwood is possible.

exposed to the weather or building

GK 3.1
NKL 3 Outside areas
um > 20 % (12 bis 24 %)
GK 3.2 and
higher

with possible formation of

condensation water
occasionally but not permanently
um > 20%

KVH without finger-jointing

made from larch or Douglas fir

See DIN 68800-1: 2011

KVH without finger-jointing but

with chemical preservative treatment (preservative with technical
approval and the mandatory test
certificates)

Technichal Information KVH , Duobalken , Triobalken - 10/2012

11

4 Product range and preferred cross-sections

KVH , Duobalken and Triobalken made of the

Timber also supplied cut to special dimensions

wood species spruce are available for immediate

as listed

delivery from stock in a wide range of preferred

The organization of production is so flexible that

cross-sections. The wood species pine and fir and

it is also possible to supply lengths cut to special

the more durable larch and Douglas fir are availa-

building-specific dimensions "as listed". This

ble on request.

means that dried and dimensionally stable timber

can also be supplied where job order planning is

Cost savings with preferred cross-sections

the preferred option.

Preferred cross-sections in the construction

dimensions typically used in timber construction

Dimensions

enable major cost savings to be made. For firms

The maximum available cross-sectional dimen-

specializing in timber construction the stocks of

sions of KVH are limited by the kiln-drying and

timber held by timber wholesalers save them the

minimum split-heart cutting requirements. With

need to maintain extensive stocks themselves, gi-

maximum dimensions of approx. 14/26 cm, KVH

ving them planning freedom without tying down

is capable of meeting most normal requirements,

operating capital. Industrial production systems

e.g. for ceiling beam cross-sections. For larger

enable manufacturers to produce at low cost.

cross-sections or high requirements in terms of

made of spruce/fir
Height (mm) 100

appearance, Duobalken and Triobalken are

Table 4.1 - Preferred cross-sections (house building sector) for KVH NSi

available, the cross-sectional dimensions of which

are subject to the limits set by the approval by

120

140

160

180

200

220

240

60

80

the German building authorities:

Width (mm)

100

Duobalken b/h 16/28 cm (2 x 8/28 cm)

Triobalken b/h 24/28 cm (3 x 8/28 cm)

120
140

Table 4.2 - Preferred cross-sections (house building

sector) for Duobalken /Triobalken (NSi/Si)

made of spruce/fir

Height (mm)
Width (mm)

100

120

140

160

180

200

60

80

100

120
140
160
180

n = NSi non-exposed areas

200

= Si exposed areas

240

12 Technichal Information KVH , Duobalken , Triobalken , - 10/2012

b/h 10/36 cm (3 x 10/12 cm)

n
n

n
n

220

240

5 Dimensioning according to DIN EN 1995-1-1 (Eurocode 5-1-1)

5.1 Principles
General information on Eurocode 5: Design of timber structures Part 1-1: General Common rules
and rules for buildings The latest position in the development of the Eurocodes
The development of European dimensioning

DIN EN 1995-1-1/NA - National Annex - National

standards, or Eurocodes, started in the mid-1970s.

determined parameters Eurocode 5: Design

These are intended to become applicable throug-

of timber structures Part 1-1: General

hout Europe and therefore contribute to the

opening up of the European construction market.

Common rules and rules for buildings

DIN EN 1995-1-2: 2010-12 - Eurocode 5: Design

In Germany the Eurocodes have been published

of timber structures Part 1-2: Common rules

as European standards in the DIN EN 1990 to

Structural fire design

1999 series and replace national dimensioning

DIN EN 1995-1-2/NA - National Annex - National

standards and regulations (DIN standards) on a

determined parameters Eurocode 5: Design

step-by-step basis.

of timber structures Part 1-2: Common rules

Structural fire design

The Eurocodes contain so-called national deter-

such as the partial safety factors for load and

DIN EN 1995-2: 2010-12 - Eurocode 5: Design of

timber structures Part 2: Bridges

mined parameters (NDP). With these parameters,

DIN EN 1995-2/NA - National Annex - National

material parameters, the national building regu-

determined parameters Eurocode 5: Design

lation authorities are able to specify the national

of timber structures Part 2: Timber bridges

safety level they specifically desire. The NDPs are

specified in a National Annex (NA) to the respec-

With effect from 1 July 2012 the application of

tive Eurocode. National annexes are denoted in

Eurocode 5 is supposed to be binding; from this

a German standard by a supplementary /NA

date onwards the previous national standards

accompanying the number of each standard. DIN

DIN 1052, DIN 1074 and DIN 4102 (in part) are

EN 1995-1-1/NA, for example, is the National An-

supposed to be deleted from the LTB.

nex to DIN EN 1995-1-1. The national annexes are

permitted to contain rules and explanations to

The safety concept behind partial safety factors

supplement the NPDs and the Eurocode as long

As in DIN 1052:2008 before it, DIN EN 1995-1-1

as they do not contradict them (non-contradictory

is based on a semi-probabilistic safety concept

complementary information [NCI]). There are nu-

involving partial safety factors. In the same way

merous NCI in relation to Eurocode 5-1-1 and 5-2.

as with most other construction materials, with

respect to timber construction Eurocode 5 also

Eurocode 5 was developed for timber construc-

continues the policy of differentiating between

tion and at the time of printing of this brochure

the verifications for load-bearing safety and servi-

it was available in full along with each correspon-

ceability (deflection, vibration).

ding national annex:

DIN EN 1995-1-1: 2010-12 - Eurocode 5: Design

of timber structures Part 1-1: General
Common rules and rules for buildings

Technichal Information KVH , Duobalken , Triobalken - 10/2012

13

What has to be checked in relation to

1

Dimensioning values indicated by

index d (design)
2

Characteristic values indicated

by index k

the verification of load-bearing capacity is that the dimensioning values for

the strain (Ed) do not in any dimen-

Verification:

Ed Rd

Dimensioning value for strai:

Ed = G Gk + Q Qk

Dimensioning value for stress resistance:

sioning situation exceed the dimen-

Rd =

kmod R k
M

sioning values for stress resistance

(building component resistance Rd).
The dimensioning values are determined by multiplying the characteristic2 action from permanent and variable loads (Gk or Qk) by the partial safety factors G or Q. Similarly, the characteristic building component
resistance Rk is reduced by a material partial safety factor M.
In relation to the verifications of load-bearing capacity, factor kmod, as a so-called modification factor,
takes account of the particular material properties of the wood in dependency on predominant climatic
conditions and the load duration. The climatic conditions are defined within the framework of the service
classes; see Table 3.3 on page 9. Checks on serviceability must take into account the deformation factors
kdef specified in each case, which take account of the variations in creep behavior in wood and derived
timber products. The material partial safety factors M, the modification factors kmod and the deformation
factors kdef are to be taken from DIN EN 1995-1-1/NA in the first instance. Values from DIN EN 1995-1-1 are
only applicable if DIN EN 1995-1-1/NA does not specify any different values.
Table 5.1 Factors M, kmod and kdef
DIN EN 1995-1-1

DIN EN 1995-1-1/NA (Nat. Annex)

Partial safety factor M

Table 2.3 does not

apply!

Following applies: Table NA.2, Table NA.3

Addition of values for glued solid timber, cross laminated timber,
solid wood board, plaster board, plaster fiber board, cement-bonded
chipboard

Modification factors kmod

Table 3.1

Following applies in addition: Table NA.4

Addition of values for glued solid timber, cross laminated timber,
solid wood board, plaster board, plaster fiber board, cement-bonded
chipboard

Table 3.2

Following applies in addition: Table NA.5

Addition of values for glued solid timber, cross laminated timber,
solid wood board, plaster board, plaster fiber board, cement-bonded
chipboard

Deformation factors
kdef

Characteristic strength and rigidity properties and marking

For the dimensioning of non-finger-jointed solid timber, Eurocode 5-1-1 refers to the European harmonized product standard DIN EN 14081. For structural finger-jointed timber the requirement is also made
that the finger joints must comply with DIN EN 385.

Glued solid timber (general term for Duobalken and Triobalken ) as a product is not defined in DIN
EN 1995-1-1. The required rules for dimensioning are therefore to be found in DIN EN 1995-1-1/NA. The
European product rules and application standards for structural finger-jointed timber and non-fingerjointed solid timber and for glued solid timber referred to in Eurocode 5-1-1 are in part not yet available
in the form of applicable standards; see section 3 for further details. Until all of the required standards
are available, therefore, national product rules still apply on a transitional basis.

14 Technichal Information KVH , Duobalken , Triobalken , - 10/2012

Therefore. at the time of printing of this document. the following regulations apply:
Table 5.2 Product regulations in force on 01.06.2012
Product

Product regulation
DIN 4074-1: 2003-08 or

Non-finger-jointed sawn
softwood

Finger-jointed solid timber

Duobalken , Triobalken
(glued solid timber))

1)

Identification
"" mark (inspection mark)

Specification of permissible bending

Remarks

stress in accordance with the now obsolete

Only until 01.08.2012

DIN 1052:1988/1996, where the permissible

B = 10 N/mm.

DIN EN 14081-1 with

DIN 20000-5

CE mark

Can already be used

DIN 1052: 2008, Annex I

"" mark (inspection mark)

DIN 1052: 2008 will remain the relevant

product standard for some products after
01.07.2012, even though it will no longer be a
valid dimensioning standard after this date.

abZ Z-9.1-440

"" mark (inspection mark)

2) Specification

of characteristic flexu-

ral strength in accordance with DIN

1052:2008-12, where fm.k = 24 N/mm, which
in contrast to the permissible B does not
contain a global safety factor.

Table 5.3 - Assignment of visual grading classes to European strength classes

Wood species (softwood)

Grading class in accordance with DIN

4074-1

Spruce, fir, pine, larch, Douglas fir

S 10 TS or
S 10K1) TS

1) The

Strength class

code "K" identifies a board which is

graded like square-sawn timber or a plank

C 24

which is graded like square-sawn timber.

Table 5.4 - Strength and rigidity values in N/mm and raw density characteristics in kg/m3 according to

DIN EN 338 (for KVH ) and Z-9.1-440 (for Duobalken /Triobalken )

Characteristic

Explanation

Flexural strength

Symbol

C24

1)

fm.k

24

to lateral force, fv,k must be reduced by the

factor kcr according to DIN EN 1995-1-1 and

Tensile strength

Parallel to fiber
Vertical to fiber

ft.0.k
ft.90.k

14
0.4

Compressive strength

Parallel to fiber
Vertical to fiber

fc.0.k
fc.90.k

21
2.5

Shear strength (shear and torsion)

fv.k

41)

Rolling shear strength

fR.k

Mean value parallel to fiber

E0.mean

11.000 for KVH

11.600 for Duobalken /Triobalken

5% quantile parallel to fiber

E0.05

7.400 fr KVH
7.700 fr Duobalken /Triobalken

Mean value vertical to fiber

E90.mean

370

Shear modulus

Gmean

690

Rolling shear modulus

GR.mean

69

5% quantile

350

Mean value

mean

420

For design loads according to

DIN EN 1991-1-1

420

Modulus of elasticity

Density

For verifications of shearing stresses due

DIN EN 1995-1-1/NA.

Technichal Information KVH , Duobalken , Triobalken - 10/2012

15

Results from the following dimen-

5.2 Example calculations for a timber beam ceiling

sioning reference tables are shown in

boxes with a green background

qk.N = Live load for habitable rooms and

office floorspace in accordance with
DIN1055-3, plus addition for partition walls

1. System. building component dimensions

Timber beam ceiling in the form of a

simply supported beam

Spacing between beams: e = 62.5 cm

l = 4.50 m

Material: KVH structural timber, C 24

of 0.8 kN/m

2. Characteristic action
Strength class C24 corresponds to grading
class S 10 in accordance with DIN 4074-1;

Permanent (dead loads)

gk = 1.75 kN/m

Variable (live load including lightweight partition walls)

qk.N = 2.80 kN/m

see table 5.4

Results from dimensioning reference table 6.2.2 Ceiling beams, e = 62.5 cm, C24
Cross-sectional values for
w/h = 8/24 cm
A = 192 cm2

For: l = 4.50 m
qk.N = 2.80 kN/m

Wy = 768 cm
Iy = 9216 cm

Result B (with vibration verification)

KVH C24: 12/24 cm

Alternative:

Alternative:

A = 240 cm2
Wy = 960 cm
Iy = 11.520 cm

16 Technichal Information KVH , Duobalken , Triobalken , - 10/2012

KVH C24: 10/24 cm

Duobalken C24

w/h = 10/24 cm

Result A (without vibration verification)

gk = 1.75 kN/m

Duobalken C24

k,N
k

Medium load duration in accordance with

Table 5.4 - Load combinations for verifications of load-bearing capacity

DIN EN 1995-1-1, Table 2.1 in conjunction

No.

Combination Combination rule

Dimensioning value

Load duration class

kmod

LK 1

1.35 gk

qd = 2.36 kN/m

Long

0.60

LK 2

g+p

1.35 gk + 1.5 qk

qd = 6.56 kN/m

Medium

0.80

with DIN EN 1995-1-1/NA, Table NA.1

kmod = see below
Combination factors in the case of variable loads in accordance with DIN 1055-100
and DIN EN 1990/NA for live loads falling
under category A or B (habitable rooms,

LK 2 is clearly decisive in this case, and this is used for further consideration.

office floorspace)

0 = 0.7 / 1 = 0.5 / 2 = 0.3

3. Characteristic strength and rigidity properties C 24

Characteristic value for flexural strength

fm.k = 24.0 N/mm

Characteristic value for shear strength

fv.k = 2.0 N/mm

Modulus of elasticity parallel to fiber

E0.mean = 11.000/11.600 N/mm

Values in accordance with DIN EN 338 in

conjunction with DIN V 20000-5

Partial safety factors in accordance with

Dimensioning values for stress resistance

DIN EN 1995-1-1, Table 2.3 (M) and Table

Modification factor for solid timber kmod = 0.80

Partial safety factor for wood

3.1 (kmod) in conjunction with DIN EN

M = 1.3

Dimensioning value for flexural strength

fm.d = 0.8 24.0/ 1.3

fm.d = 14.8 N/mm

Dimensioning value for shear strength

fv.d = 0.8 2.0 / 1.3

fv.d = 1.23 N/mm

1995-1-1/NA, Table NA.2, NA.3 and NA.4

Rd =

kmod R k
M

4. Stresses - Internal forces and moments and reactions at support

Internal forces and moments per beam (e = 62.5 cm)
Reference moment for LK 2:

M = q l / 8 = 6.56 4.50 / 8 0.625
d

Md = 10.38 kNm

Reference lateral force for LK 2:

Vd = qd l / 2 = 6.56 4.50 / 2 0.625

Vd = 9.23 kN

Characteristic reactions at support for the decisive LK 2:

End support A and B:

Ag.k = Bg.k = 1.75 4.50 / 2

Ag.k = 3.94 kN/m

Aq.k = Bq.k = 2.80 4.50 / 2

Aq.k = 6.30 kN/m

Technichal Information KVH , Duobalken , Triobalken - 10/2012

17

5. Preliminary estimate
Required section modulus:

Wy,req = Md / fm,d = 10.38 10/ 14.8

Wy,req = 701 cm

Results from dimensioning reference table 6.1

(Cross-sectional values):
For Md = 10.38 kNm

reqired w/h = 8/24 cm

with Wy = 768 cm3

6. Verifications for the limit of load-bearing capacity state

Dimensioning value for bending stress:
m,y,d = Md / Wy = 10.38 / 768 10

Verification:
m,y,d
m,d

13.5

14.8

m,y,d = 13.5 N/mm

= 0.91 < 1

Dimensioning value for shearing stress:

d = 1.5 Vd / A = 1.5 9.23 / 192

Verification:

v,d

0.72
1.23

d = 0.72 N/mm

= 0.59 < 1

7. Verifications for the limit of serviceability state

In DIN EN 1995-1-1, section 2.2.3, it is recommended that the following two cases always be examined,
a) Limitation of initial deflection without time-dependent creep influences:
winst = winst,G + winst,Q1 + winst,Q,i (with i > 1) l/300 - l/500
b) Limitation of final deflection with time-dependent creep influences:
wfin = wfin,G + wfin,Q1 + wfin,Qi l/150 l/300
Where there is a planned camber w0, the following also needs to be examined:
c) Final deflection wnet,fin less camber w0:
wnet,fin = wfin w0 l/250 l/350
Section 7.2 (2) of DIN EN 1995-1-1 contains specifications for recommended deflection limitations. The
specification of the actual limit depends primarily on which type of deformation is considered acceptable
for technical reasons or reasons of appearance in each individual case. It can be assumed that the given
maximum values for deflection have to be complied with in all cases.
Deflection stiffness for cross-section
b/h = 8/24 cm

Calculation of deflection
E0,mean Iy = 11.00 92.16 106 = 1.014 1012 Nmm

Deformation factor kdef in accordance with

winst,G =

DIN EN 1995-1-1, Table 3.2, in conjunction

with DIN EN 1995-1-1/NA, Table NA.5 for

5
384

gk l
EI

5
384

(1.75 0.625) 4500 4 12

= 5.8 cm

wfin,G = winst,G (1 + kdef) = 5.8 (1 + 0.6) = 9.3 mm

4
gk l
(2.80 0.625) 4500 4 12 9.2 cm
5
winst,Q = 5
=

=
3
384
EI
384
11.000 80 240

solid timber and glued solid timber:

kdef (NKL 1)= 0.6

wfin,G = winst,Q (1 + kdef) = 9.2 (1 + 0.6) = 14.7 mm

11.000 80 240

18 Technichal Information KVH , Duobalken , Triobalken , - 10/2012

Proof of deflection
Case a)

winst = winst,G = 5.8 + 9.2 = 15 mm

for winst,max = l/300 = 4500/300 = 15 mm = winst o.k.

for winst,max = l/500 = 4500/500 = 9 mm > winst Enlargement of cross-section required

Case b)

wfin = wfin,G + 2 * wfin,QG = 9.3 + 0.3 * 14.7 = 13.7 mm

for wfin,max = l/150 = 4500/150 = 30 mm > wfin o.k.

for wfin,max = l/300 = 4500/300 = 15 mm = wfin o.k.

Case c)

wnet,fin = wfin w0 Not applicable, because there is no planned camber.

Vibration verification
DIN EN 1995-1-1 only covers vibrations for ceilings in residential buildings which have a natural frequency
DIN EN 1995-1-1, section 7.3

(first order fundamental component) of f1 > 8 Hz. All other cases require special investigation, but such
investigations are not described in more detail. A simplified verification on the basis of a limitation of
deflection, as was previously the case in DIN 1052, is not offered.
The following conditions have to be met

w/Fa

und

v b(f1-1)

Here
w

is the greatest vertical initial deflection as a result of a concentrated vertical static point load F,

acting at any point and determined with due consideration for the load distribution. It generally makes
sense in this case to apply the so-called equivalent load for maintenance or repair of 1.0 KN as the basis
for walking on the ceiling;
v

is the unit pulse speed reaction

the modal damping ratio (generally taken as 0.01))

Technichal Information KVH , Duobalken , Triobalken - 10/2012

19

The vibration behavior of a timber beam ceiling is dependent primarily on the rigidity of the load-bearing
beams. The width of the ceiling is only taken into consideration with the contribution of the load-bearing
ceiling planking and its capacity to transfer the vibrations vertically to the series of joists. For simplification a theoretical ceiling width of 1.0 m is assumed. The main characteristic vibration values can be
applied to any ceiling desired widths. The following example is based on the use of tongued and grooved
board planking of 24 mm in thickness.
Input values

The following applies in all cases

(EI)l > (EI)b

lceiling = lbeam = 4.5 m

bceiling = 1.0 m

bbeam = 8 cm = 0.08 m

hbeam = 24 cm 0.24 m

F = 1.0 kN

m = 1.75 kN/m2 = 175 kg/m2

Calculation of rigidity lengthwise (EI)l and crosswise (EI)b to the series of joists

bbeam hbeam3

(El)l = Ebeam

= 11.000 10 6

12 ebeam

(El)b = Eplanking

bceiling dplanking3
12

0.08 0.24 3
12 0.625

= 1.622 10 6 Nm2 / m

1.0 0.024
= 11.000 10 6
= 12.67 10 3 Nm2 / m
12

A central parameter for vibration behavior is the natural frequency f1 of the building component, which,
for the further completion of the verification, must not be less than 8.0 Hz.
f1 =


2l

(El)l


2 4.5

1.622 10 6
175

= 7.46 Hz < f 1,min = 8.0 Hz

The required natural frequency of 8.0 Hz cannot be achieved with the selected cross-section.
New beam cross-section selected: 10/24 cm

(El)l = Ebeam

f1 =


2 4.5 2

bbeam hbeam3
12 ebeam
2.027 10 6
175

= 11.000 10 6

0.10 0.24 3
= 2.027 10 6 Nm2 / m
12 0.625

= 8.23 Hz > f 1,min = 8.0 Hz

The speed reaction sets a minimum requirement to be met by the mass of the ceiling. The objective is to
ensure that the vibration reaction in response to pulse-like actions (e.g. jumping, hopping) is minimized.
For ceilings with articulated support on all sides, the following applies
v=

4 (0.4 + 0.6 n40 )

m b l + 200

where
2

n40 = 40 - 1 b (El)l
l (El)b
f1

20 Technichal Information KVH , Duobalken , Triobalken , - 10/2012

0.25

6 0.25

40
1.0 2.027 10
-1

8.23
4.5 12.67 10 3

= 1.72

The outcome for the example ceiling is therefore

4 (0.4 + 0.6 1.72 )

v=

175 1.0 4.5 + 200

= 5.80 10-3

The value v is not permitted to exceed a certain limit. Fig 7.2 in DIN EN 1995-1-1 shows the relationship
between the two reference parameters a and b. Value a in this case should not exceed 1.5, because otherwise the vibration behavior of a ceiling in such a case would not be particularly favorable.

the following applies

a = 0 2 better vibration behavior
and

It has to be verified that

w

On the basis of Fig. 7.2, DIN EN 1995-1-1,

a = 2 4 poorer vibration behavior

a 1.5 mm / kN

where the deflection w of the ceiling has to be calculated subject to a point load F. F is generally assumed here to be an equivalent load for maintenance or repair of 1.0 kN. In this example the resultant
deflection is
w=

Fl

48 El
w

1000 4500 3 12
48 11.000 100 240 3
1.5
1.0

= 1.5 mm

= 1.5 mm / kN

The limit for a is therefore only just achieved. According to Fig. 7.2 in DIN EN 1995-1-1 the value for reference parameters b = 100. This means that it can therefore be verified that
v b(f1-1) 5.80 10-3 100(8.23 0.01 1) = 0.015 o.k.
It is apparent that the example structure is at the limits both in terms of natural frequency f1 and deflection due to excitation load F. Although vibration verification is achieved here on a borderline basis, the
structure provides absolutely no room for manoeuver when it comes to fluctuations in practical execution
on the building site. In cases such as this it is recommended that provision be made for a safety margin
relative to the limits by selecting larger beam cross-sections.

Key
1 better behavior
2 poorer behavior

150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
60
50

Fig. 7.2 Recommended range and

relationship between a and b

a [mm/kN]

Technichal Information KVH , Duobalken , Triobalken - 10/2012

21

6 Dimensioning reference tables

6.1 General

DIN EN 1990
DIN EN 1990
Eurocode: Basis of structural design; German version of EN 1990:2002 + A1:2005 +
A1:2005/AC:2010

DIN EN 1991-1-1
Eurocode 1: Actions on structures - Part
1-1: General actions Densities, selfweight and imposed loads for buildings;
German version EN 1991-1-1:2002 +
AC:2009

The following dimensioning reference tables were

The dimensioning reference tables are intended

drawn up for KVH, Duobalken and Triobalken

to provide an aid for day-to-day work. With the

in strength class C24 (grading class S10 TS or S10

help of the tables it is possible to make quick

K TS in accordance with DIN 4074-1) using DIN EN

preliminary estimates for the common situations

1995-1-1 (Eurocode 5) as the basis. As a general rule

encountered with residential and administrative

it is preferred cross-sections that are referred to

buildings they cannot be used as a substitute

(bold print). The design loads apply to typical cases

for a building-specific statical verification, however.

in practice in accordance with DIN EN 1991. The

The tables apply to applications covered by Service

decisive load combinations used for dimensioning

Classes 1 and 2 (SC 1 and 2) in accordance with

purposes are based on DIN EN 1990.

DIN EN 1995-1-1, with a medium load duration.

DIN EN 1991-1-1
Eurocode 1: Actions on structures - Part
1-1: General actions Densities, selfweight and imposed loads for buildings;
German version EN 1991-1-1:2002 +
AC:2009

DIN EN 1991-1-4
Eurocode 1: Actions on structures - Part
1-4: General actions Wind actions; German version EN 1991-1-4:2005 + A1:2010
+ AC:2010

Overview of dimensioning reference tables

Tab. 6.2 Cross-sectional values and dimensioning values for stress resistance

Page 23

Tables for ceiling beam cross-sections, C24 (S10) for beam spacing e

Page 24

Tab. 6.3.1 Simply supported beams, e = 50.0 cm

Page 26

Tab. 6.3.2 Simply supported beams, e = 62.5 cm

Page 27

Tab. 6.3.3 Simply supported beams, e = 75.0 cm

Page 28

Tab. 6.3.4 Simply supported beams, e = 83.3 cm

Page 29

Tab. 6.3.5 Double span beams, e = 50.0 cm

Page 30

Tab. 6.3.6 Double span beams, e = 62.5 cm

Page 31

Tab. 6.3.7 Double span beams, e = 75.0 cm

Page 32

Tab. 6.3.8 Double span beams, e = 83.3 cm

Page 33

Tab. 6.4 Dimensioning values for load-bearing capacity Rc,d for one-piece posts, C24 (S10)

Page 34

Tables for rafter cross-sections, C24 (S10)

Page 35

Tab. 6.5.1 Simply supported beams, sk = 0.85 kN/m

Page 36

Tab. 6.5.2 Simply supported beams, sk = 1.10 kN/m

Page 36

Tab. 6.5.3 Double span beams, sk = 0.85 kN/m

Page 37

Tab. 6.5 .4 Double span beams, sk = 1.10 kN/m

Page 37

22 Technichal Information KVH , Duobalken , Triobalken , - 10/2012

TAB. 6.2

6.2 Cross-sectional values and dimensioning values

Table 6.2 - Cross-sectional values and dimensioning values for stress resistance for preferred cross-sections in

strength class C24 (grading class S10)1) for NKL 1 and 2 with medium load durations
Solid timber crosssection
b/d [cm]

Cross-sectional area
A [cm]

6/10
6/12
6/14
6/16
6/18
6/20
6/22
6/24
8/10
8/12
8/14
8/16
8/18
8/20
8/22
8/24
10/10
10/12
10/14
10/16
10/18
10/20
10/22
10//24
12/12
12/14
12/16
12/18
12/20
12/22
12/24
14/14
14/16
14/18
14/20
14/22
14/24
16/16
16/18
16/20
16/22
16/24
18/18
18/20
18/22
18/24
20/20
20/22
20/24
24/24

60
72
84
96
108
120
132
144
80
96
112
128
144
160
176
192
100
120
140
160
180
200
220
240
144
168
192
216
240
264
288
196
224
252
280
308
336
256
288
320
352
384
324
360
396
432
400
440
480
576

Section modulus
Wy [cm3]
100
144
196
256
324
400
484
576
133.33
192
261.33
341.33
432
533.33
645.33
768
166.67
240
326.67
426.67
540
666.67
806.67
960
288
392
512
648
800
968
1152
457.33
597.33
756
933.33
1129.33
1344
682.67
864
1066.67
1290.67
1536
972
1200
1452
1728
1333.33
1613.33
1920
2304

Moment of inertia
Iy [cm4]
500
864
1372
2048
2916
4000
5324
6912
666.67
1152
1829.33
2730.67
3888
5333.33
7098.67
9216
833.33
1440
2286.67
3413.33
4860
6666.67
8873.33
11520
1728
2744
4096
5832
8000
10648
13824
3201.33
4778.67
6804
9333.33
12422.67
16128
5461.33
7776
10666.67
14197.33
18432
8748
12000
15972
20736
13333.33
17746.67
23040
27648

Stress resistance
Flection2)
MR.d [kNm]

Stress resistance
Lateral force
VR.d [kN]

1.48
2.13
2.89
3.78
4.79
5.91
7.15
8.51
1.97
2.84
3.86
5.04
6.38
7.88
9.53
11.34
2.46
3.54
4.82
6.30
7.98
9.85
11.91
14.18
4.25
5.79
7.56
9.57
11.82
14.30
17.01
6.75
8.82
11.17
13.78
16.68
19.85
10.08
12.76
15.75
19.06
22.69
14.36
17.72
21.44
25.52
19.69
23.83
28.36
34.03

4.92
5.91
6.89
7.88
8.86
9.85
10.83
11.82
6.56
7.88
9.19
10.50
11.82
13.13
14.44
15.75
8.21
9.85
11.49
13.13
14.77
16.41
18.05
19.69
11.82
13.78
15.75
17.72
19.69
21.66
23.63
16.08
18.38
20.68
22.97
25.27
27.57
21.01
23.63
26.26
28.88
31.51
26.58
29.54
32.49
35.45
32.82
36.10
39.38
47.26

1) Dimensioning values determined for medium load duration in Service Classes 1 and 2:
Modification factor: kmod = 0.8; partial safety factor for solid timber: M = 1.3
2) Flection along the strong axis (y-y)

Cross-section values in bold print are preferred cross-sections for KVH

Technichal Information KVH , Duobalken , Triobalken - 10/2012

23

6.3 Dimensioning of ceiling beams

Ceiling beam cross-sections for simply supported beams
Example system

Limits which are exceeded by up to 3% in respect

q
g

of elastic deflection in favor of cross-section dik,N

mensioning are acceptable in isolated instances.

On the other hand, limits are not permitted to

be exceeded for final deflection or for stress

verifications, the objective being to ensure that

load-bearing safety and serviceability are definitely guaranteed.

Notes on the development of the tables

The values in column A relate to the bending

In column B the required cross-sections are deter-

stress and shearing stress verifications and the

mined with vibration verification in accordance

proof of deflection in accordance with EC 5. Here

with EC 5, 7.3.3, taken into consideration. EC 5

it should be noted that when determining the

makes no provision for a simplified verification on

elastic deflection associated with the characteri-

the basis of the simplified limitation of deflection

stic dimensioning situation in accordance with EN

to be allowed.

1990, 6.5.3, the initial deflection element associated with the permanent load also has to be
included. This means that the initial deflection is

Starting with the basic condition that the natural

often decisive in many cases. Furthermore, less fa-

frequency f1 is over 8.0 Hz, the two conditions

vorable values or a need for larger cross-sections

w/F a and v b(f1+-1) have to be determined via

can be the result in some cases compared to the

highly convoluted interrelationships. On the basis

deflection (without dead load element) deter-

of Fig. 7.2 in EC 5 it is apparent that a > 1.5 tends

mined on the basis of the previous DIN 1052.

to result in the achievement of more favorable

vibration behavior. This condition is fulfilled if the

The final deflection value is calculated as before

deflection of the beam under a point load F = 1

with creep elements and the factor 2 (DIN EN

kN is less than 1.5 mm. Any positive effects that

1990, Table A.1.1) for variable loads.

planking may have in terms of load distribution

In terms of limits, EC 5 only provides a limit range

are not taken into consideration here for the sake

as a recommendation. In this case the limits

of a safety margin.

which have applied to date from DIN 1052 are

applied, because these are familiar to those in the

On the basis of Fig. 7.2 in EC 5 it is then possible

field and are within the limit ranges given in EC 5.

to determine the second condition in association

The following therefore continue to apply:

with the value b, the pulse velocity v, the dam-

- winst l/300

frequency.

ping ratio (=0.01) ) and the respective natural

- wfin l/200

24 Technichal Information KVH , Duobalken , Triobalken , - 10/2012

The vibration verification in accordance with EC 5

provided independently of the ceiling width. For

does not actually involve the calculation of the vi-

the purposes of compensatory safety, rather than

bration behavior of a beam but that of the ceiling

taking a value of b=100 for value b, which would

as a whole taking into consideration the width of

be the value which corresponds with the a-value

the ceiling. This is where the rigidity of the load

of 1.5, a value of b=150 (maximum value on the

distributing ceiling planking is taken into consi-

scale in Fig. 7.2) was taken instead. It should be

deration. Timber planking of 24 mm in thickness

noted, however, that this condition is not decisive

was selected in this case. Variation calculations

unless the planking has unrealistic dimensions of

have shown that the influence of the planking on

8 10 mm.

the vibration behavior is only of any relevance if it

is relatively thick or rigid compared to the ceiling

Therefore, the decisive evaluation criteria for the

beams. Where timber planking or any other form

vibration behavior here are taken to be the natu-

of boarding has relatively low rigidity compared

ral frequency (greater than 8.0 Hz in dependency

to the load-bearing system (ceiling beams), the

on the mass of the ceiling) and the a-value as an

ceiling width can be taken to be 1.0 m for simpli-

indicator of deflection, and these are used as the

fication. As a result, the calculational influence of

basis for the dimensioning of the beams.

the ceiling width on the vibration behavior of the

beam is more or less neutral. This means that the
vibration verification for the ceiling beams can be

Technichal Information KVH , Duobalken , Triobalken - 10/2012

25

TAB. 6.3.1

Ceiling beam cross-sections for simply supported beams

Tab. 6.3.1 - Ceiling beam cross-sections, C24 (S10), simply supported beams, e = 50 cm for NKL 1 and 2 with medium load durations
Simply supported
beam, e = 50.0 cm
C24 (S10)

Beam cross-section b/h [cm]1)

in dependency on span l and loads gk and qk.N

Dead load2) gk

1.75 kN/m

Live load2) qk.N

2.00 kN/m

Dimensioning
criterion3)

2.50 kN/m

2.80 kN/m

3.00 kN/m

2.00 kN/m

2.80 kN/m

3.00 kN/m

l = 3.75 m

6/16
8/14
6/18
8/16
6/18
8/16
6/20
8/18

6/20
8/18
6/22
8/20
6/22
8/20
6/24
8/22

6/18
8/16
6/18
8/16
6/20
8/18
6/22
8/20

6/20
8/18
6/22
8/20
6/22
8/20
6/24
8/22

6/18
8/16
6/18
8/16
6/20
8/18
6/22
8/20

6/20
8/18
6/22
8/20
6/22
8/20
6/24
8/22

6/18
8/16
6/18
8/16
6/20
8/18
6/22
8/20

6/20
8/18
6/22
8/20
6/24
8/20
6/24
8/22

6/18
8/16
6/20
8/18
6/22
8/20
6/24
8/22

6/20
8/18
6/22
8/20
6/24
8/22
6/26
8/22

6/18
8/16
6/20
8/18
6/22
8/20
6/22
8/20

6/20
8/18
6/22
8/20
6/22
8/20
6/24
8/22

l = 4.00 m

8/28
10/18

8/24
10/22

8/20
10/18

8/24
10/22

8/20
10/20

8/24
10/22

8/20
10/20

8/24
10/22

8/24
10/22

8/24
10/22

8/22
10/20

8/24
10/22

l = 4.25 m

8/20
10/18

8/24
10/24

8/22
10/20

8/26
10/24

8/22
10/20

8/26
10/24

8/22
10/20

8/26
10/24

8/26
10/24

8/26
10/24

8/24
10/22

8/26
10/24

10/20
12/18
10/22
12/20
10/22
12/20
10/24
12/22
12/24
14/22

10/24
12/22
12/24
14/24
12/26
14/24
14/26
16/24
14/28
16/26

8/22
10/20
10/22
12/22
10/24
12/22
12/24
14/22
12/26
14/24

10/24
12/24
12/24
14/24
14/24
16/24
14/26
16/24
14/28
16/26

10/22
12/20
10/24
12/22
10/24
12/22
12/24
14/22
12/24
14/22

10/24
12/24
12/26
14/24
14/24
16/24
14/26
16/24
14/28
16/26

10/22
12/20
10/22
12/22
10/24
12/22
12/24
14/22
12/24
14/24

10/26
12/24
12/26
14/24
14/26
16/24
14/28
16/26
14/28
16/26

10/22
12/22
10/24
12/22
10/26
12/24
10/26
14/24
12/26
14/24

10/26
12/24
12/26
14/24
12/28
14/26
14/28
16/26
14/30
16/28

10/24
12/22
10/24
12/22
10/26
12/24
10/26
12/24
12/26
14/24

10/26
12/24
10/26
12/26
10/28
12/26
10/28
12/26
12/30
14/28

l = 3.00 m
l = 3.25 m
l = 3.50 m

l = 4.50 m
l = 4.75 m
l = 5.00 m
l = 5.25 m
l = 5.50 m

Footnotes to Table 6.3.1 to 6.3.4

1) Bold: Preferred cross-section KVH , Duobalken or Triobalken

With gray background: Reduction in the cross-sectional height by 2 cm possible if Duobalken or Triobalken
2) Action:
gk:
qk,N:

is used

Characteristic permanent action (dead weight) in accordance with DIN EN 1991-1

Characteristic variable action (live loads) in accordance with DIN EN 1991-1

3) Dimensioning criteria (left or right column)

A

Stress resistance to flection MR,d and lateral force VR,d

- Elastic deflection in the characteristic dimensioning situation: selected winst l/300

- Final deflection in the quasi-permanent dimensioning situation: selected wfin l/200

Dimensioning in compliance with the criteria of a vibration verification

- Natural frequency f1 8.0 Hz

- Limitation of deflection to w = 1.5 mm under a load F = 1 kN in an unfavorable position (middle of beam)

- Ratio of pulse velocity v to a factor b resulting from the deflection w is smaller than 1 (v/b(f1+-1) 1)

26 Technichal Information KVH , Duobalken , Triobalken , - 10/2012

TAB. 6.3.2

Tab. 6.3.2 - Ceiling beam cross-sections, C24 (S10), simply supported beams, e = 62.5 cm for NKL 1 and 2 with medium load durations
Simply supported
beam, e = 62.5 cm
C24 (S10)

Beam cross-section b/h [cm]1)

in dependency on span l and loads gk and qk.N

Dead load2) gk

1.75 kN/m

Live load2) qk.N

Dimensioning
criterion3)
l = 3.00 m
l = 3.25 m
l = 3.50 m
l = 3.75 m
l = 4.00 m
l = 4.25 m
l = 4.50 m
l = 4.75 m
l = 5.00 m
l = 5.25 m
l = 5.50 m

2.00 kN/m

2.50 kN/m

2.80 kN/m

3.00 kN/m

2.00 kN/m

2.80 kN/m

3.00 kN/m

6/18
8/16
6/18
8/18
6/20
8/18
6/22
8/20
8/22
10/20
8/22
10/20
8/24
10/22

6/20
8/18
6/22
8/20
6/22
8/20
6/24
8/22
8/24
10/22
8/24
10/24
10/24
12/22

6/18
8/16
6/20
8/18
6/22
8/20
6/24
8/20
6/22
10/20
8/24
10/22
8/24
10/22

6/20
8/18
6/22
8/20
6/22
8/20
6/24
8/22
8/24
10/22
8/24
10/24
8/26
10/24

6/20
8/18
6/20
8/18
6/22
8/20
6/24
8/22
8/22
10/20
8/24
10/22
10/24
12/22

6/20
8/18
6/22
8/20
6/22
8/20
6/24
8/22
8/24
10/22
8/26
10/24
10/26
12/24

6/18
8/16
6/18
8/16
6/20
8/18
6/22
8/20
8/20
10/20
8/22
10/20
10/22
12/20

6/20
8/16
6/22
8/22
6/22
8/20
6/24
8/22
8/24
10/22
8/26
10/24
10/24
12/24

6/18
8/16
6/20
8/18
6/20
8/20
6/24
8/20
8/22
10/20
8/24
10/22
10/22
12/22

6/20
8/18
6/22
8/20
6/22
8/20
6/24
8/22
8/24
10/22
8/26
10/24
10/26
12/24

6/18
8/16
6/20
8/18
6/22
8/20
6/22
8/20
8/22
10/20
8/24
10/22
10/24
12/22

6/20
8/18
6/22
8/20
6/22
8/20
6/24
8/22
8/24
10/22
8/26
10/24
10/26
12/24

8/24
10/22

10/24
12/24

8/22
10/24

8/28
12/24

10/24
12/24

10/26
12/24

10/22
12/22

12/26
14/24

10/24
12/24

12/26
14/24

10/24
12/22

12/26
14/24

8/26
10/24
8/26
10/24

10/28
12/26
12/28
14/26

8/26
10/26
8/28
10/26

10/28
12/26
10/30
12/28

10/26
12/24
12/26
14/24

10/28
12/26
12/28
14/26

10/24
12/24
12/24
14/22

14/26
16/26
14/28
16/26

10/26
12/24
12/24
14/24

14/26
16/24
14/28
16/26

10/24
12/24
12/26
14/24

14/26
16/24
14/28
16/26

8/28
10/26

12/30
14/28

10/28
12/26

12/30
14/28

12/26
14/26

12/30
14/28

12/24
14/22

14/30
16/28

12/26
14/24

14/30
16/28

12/26
14/24

14/30
16/28

Technichal Information KVH , Duobalken , Triobalken - 10/2012

27

TAB. 6.3.3

Tab. 6.3.3 - Ceiling beam cross-sections, C24 (S10), simply supported beams, e = 75.0 cm for NKL 1 and 2 with medium load durations
Simply supported
beam, e = 75.0 cm
C24 (S10)

Beam cross-section b/h [cm]1)

in dependency on span l and loads gk and qk.N

Dead load2) gk
Live

load2)

1.75 kN/m

qk.N

2.00 kN/m

Dimensioning
criterion3)

2.50 kN/m

2.80 kN/m

3.00 kN/m

2.00 kN/m

2.80 kN/m

3.00 kN/m

6/18
8/16
6/20
8/18
6/22
8/20
6/22
8/20
8/22
10/20
8/24
10/22
10/24
12/22

6/20
8/18
6/22
8/20
6/24
8/22
6/24
8/22
8/24
10/22
8/26
10/24
10/26
12/24

6/20
8/18
6/22
8/20
6/24
8/22
6/26
8/22
8/24
10/22
8/26
10/24
10/24
12/22

6/20
8/18
6/22
8/20
6/24
8/22
6/24
8/22
8/24
10/22
8/26
10/24
10/26
12/24

6/20
8/18
6/22
8/20
6/24
8/22
8/22
10/20
8/24
10/22
8/26
10/24
10/26
12/24

6/20
8/18
6/22
8/20
6/24
8/22
8/22
10/20
8/24
10/22
8/26
10/24
10/26
12/26

6/20
8/18
6/22
8/20
6/24
8/20
6/24
8/22
8/24
10/22
8/24
10/24
10/24
12/22

6/20
8/18
6/22
8/20
6/24
8/22
6/26
8/24
8/26
10/24
10/26
12/26
10/28
12/26

6/22
8/20
6/24
8/20
6/26
8/22
6/26
8/24
8/24
10/22
8/26
10/24
10/26
12/24

6/22
8/20
6/24
8/20
6/24
8/22
6/26
8/24
8/26
10/24
10/26
12/26
10/28
12/26

6/22
8/20
8/20
10/18
8/22
10/20
10/22
12/20
10/24
12/22
12/24
14/22
12/24
14/24

6/22
8/20
8/20
10/20
8/22
10/20
10/22
12/22
10/24
12/24
12/26
14/24
12/28
14/26

l = 4.75 m

10/24
12/24

12/26
14/24

10/26
12/24

12/26
14/24

10/26
12/24

12/26
14/24

10/26
12/24

12/28
14/28

10/28
12/26

12/30
14/28

14/24
16/24

14/28
16/26

l = 5.00 m

10/26
12/24

14/26
16/26

10/28
12/26

14/26
16/26

10/28
12/26

14/28
16/26

10/26
12/24

14/30
16/28

10/28
12/26

14/30
16/28

14/26
16/24

14/30
16/28

12/26
14/24
12/26
14/24

14/28
16/26
14/30
16/28

12/26
14/26
12/28
14/26

14/30
16/28
14/30
16/28

12/28
14/26
12/30
14/28

14/28
16/26
14/30
16/28

12/26
14/26
12/28
14/26

14/32
16/30
14/32
16/30

12/28
14/26
12/30
14/28

14/32
16/30
14/32
16/30

14/28
16/26
14/28
16/26

14/32
16/30
14/32
16/30

l = 3.00 m
l = 3.25 m
l = 3.50 m
l = 3.75 m
l = 4.00 m
l = 4.25 m
l = 4.50 m

l = 5.25 m
l = 5.50 m

28 Technichal Information KVH , Duobalken , Triobalken , - 10/2012

TAB. 6.3.4

Tab. 6.3.4 - Ceiling beam cross-sections, C24 (S10), simply supported beams, e = 83.3 cm for NKL 1 and 2 with medium load durations
Simply supported
beam, e = 83.3 cm
C24 (S10)

Beam cross-section b/h [cm]1)

in dependency on span l and loads gk and qk.N

Dead load2) gk

1.75 kN/m

Live load2) qk.N

Dimensioning
criterion3)

l = 3.00 m
l = 3.25 m
l = 3.50 m
l = 3.75 m
l = 4.00 m
l = 4.25 m
l = 4.50 m
l = 4.75 m
l = 5.00 m
l = 5.25 m
l = 5.50 m
1);2);3) The

2.00 kN/m

2.50 kN/m

2.80 kN/m

3.00 kN/m

2.00 kN/m

2.80 kN/m

3.00 kN/m

6/20
8/18
6/20
8/18

6/20
8/18
6/22
8/20

6/22
8/18
6/24
8/20

6/22
8/18
6/24
8/20

6/22
8/20
6/24
8/20

6/22
8/20
6/24
8/20

6/22
8/20
6/22
8/20

6/22
8/20
6/22
8/20

6/22
8/20
6/24
8/22

6/22
8/20
6/24
8/22

6/24
8/20
8/22
10/20

6/24
8/20
8/22
10/20

6/22

6/22

6/24

6/24

6/26

6/26

6/24

6/26

8/24

8/24

8/24

8/24

8/20

8/20

8/22

8/22

8/22

8/22

8/22

8/24

10/20

10/22

10/22

10/22

6/24
8/22
8/22
10/22
8/24
10/22
8/26
10/24

6/24
8/22
8/24
10/22
8/26
10/24
8/28
10/26

6/26
8/24
8/24
10/22
8/26
10/24
10/26
12/24

6/26
8/22
8/24
10/22
8/26
10/24
10/26
12/26

6/28
8/24
8/26
10/24
8/26
10/24
10/26
12/24

6/28
8/24
8/26
10/24
8/26
10/24
10/26
12/26

8/22
10/20
8/24
10/22
10/24
12/22
10/26
12/24

8/26
10/24
8/28
10/26
10/24
12/26
10/30
12/28

8/24
10/22
10/24
12/22
10/26
12/24
12/24
14/24

8/26
10/24
10/26
12/24
10/28
12/26
12/28
14/26

10/24
12/22
10/24
12/22
12/24
14/22
12/26
14/24

10/24
12/22
10/26
12/24
12/26
14/24
12/28
14/26

10/26
12/24

10/28
12/26

10/26
12/26

12/26
12/26

10/26
12/26

12/26
14/26

12/26
14/24

12/30
14/28

14/26
16/24

14/28
16/26

14/26
16/24

14/28
16/28

10/26
12/24
12/26
14/24
12/28
14/26

10/30
12/28
12/30
14/30
12/30
14/30

10/28
12/26
12/28
14/26
12/30
14/28

10/30
12/28
12/30
14/28
12/32
14/30

10/28
12/26
12/28
14/26
12/30
14/28

14/28
16/26
12/30
14/28
14/32
16/30

12/26
14/24
12/28
14/26
12/28
14/28

12/32
14/30
14/32
16/30
14/32
16/30

14/26
16/26
14/28
16/26
14/30
16/28

14/30
16/28
14/32
16/30
14/32
16/32

14/26
16/26
14/28
16/26
14/30
16/28

14/30
16/30
14/32
16/30
14/32
16/30

footnotes to Table 6.3.1 apply

Technichal Information KVH , Duobalken , Triobalken - 10/2012

29

TAB. 6.3.5

Ceiling beam cross-sections for double span beams

Tab. 6.3.5 - Ceiling beam cross-sections, C24 (S10), double span beams, e = 50.0 cm for NKL 1 and 2 with medium load durations
Double span beam
e = 50.0 cm
C24 (S10)

Beam cross-section b/h [cm]1)

in dependency on span l and loads gk und qk.N

Dead load2) gk

1.75 kN/m

Live load2) qk.N

2.00 kN/m

Dimensioning
criterion3)
l = 3.00 m
l = 3.25 m
l = 3.50 m
l = 3.75 m
l = 4.00 m
l = 4.25 m
l = 4.50 m
l = 4.75 m
l = 5.00 m
l = 5.25 m
l = 5.50 m
l = 5.75 m
l = 6.00 m

2.50 kN/m

2.80 kN/m

3.00 kN/m

2.00 kN/m

2.80 kN/m

3.00 kN/m

6/16
8/14
6/18
8/16
6/18
8/16
6/20
8/18
6/20
8/18
6/22
8/18
6/22
8/20
6/24
8/20
6/24
8/22
8/22
10/20
8/24
10/22
10/22
12/20
10/24
12/22

6/18
8/16
6/22
8/18
6/20
8/20
6/22
8/20
6/22
8/20
6/24
8/22
6/26
8/24
6/28
8/26
8/28
10/26
10/30
10/28
10/30
12/28
10/32
12/30
12/30
14/28

6/16
8/14
6/18
8/16
6/20
8/16
6/20
8/18
6/22
8/20
6/24
8/20
6/24
8/22
8/22
10/20
8/24
10/22
8/24
10/22
10/24
10/22
10/24
12/22
12/24
14/22

6/18
8/16
6/20
8/18
6/20
8/18
6/22
8/20
6/24
8/22
6/24
8/22
6/26
8/24
8/26
10/24
10/26
10/26
8/30
10/28
10/30
12/28
10/30
12/28
12/30
14/28

6/18
8/16
6/18
8/16
6/20
8/18
6/22
8/18
6/22
8/20
8/20
10/18
8/22
10/20
8/24
10/20
10/22
12/20
10/22
12/20
12/22
14/20
12/22
14/22
12/24
14/22

6/18
8/16
6/20
8/18
6/20
8/18
6/22
8/20
6/24
8/22
8/22
10/22
8/24
10/22
8/26
10/24
10/22
12/24
10/28
12/26
12/28
14/26
12/30
14/28
14/30
16/28

6/16
8/14
6/18
8/16
6/20
8/16
6/20
8/18
6/22
8/18
6/24
8/20
6/24
8/22
8/22
10/20
8/24
10/22
8/24
10/22
10/24
12/22
10/24
12/22
12/24
14/22

6/18
8/16
6/20
8/18
6/22
8/20
6/24
8/22
6/26
8/24
6/28
8/26
8/28
10/26
8/30
10/28
10/30
12/28
10/30
12/28
12/30
14/28
12/32
14/30
14/32
16/30

6/18
8/16
6/20
8/16
6/20
8/18
6/22
8/20
6/24
8/20
6/24
8/22
8/24
10/20
8/24
10/22
10/22
12/22
10/24
12/22
12/24
14/22
14/22
16/20
14/24
16/22

6/18
8/16
6/20
8/18
6/22
8/20
6/24
8/22
6/26
8/24
6/28
8/26
8/28
10/26
8/30
10/28
10/30
12/28
10/30
12/28
12/30
14/30
14/30
16/28
14/32
16/30

6/18
8/16
6/20
8/18
6/22
8/18
6/22
8/20
6/24
8/20
8/22
10/20
8/24
10/22
10/22
12/20
10/24
12/28
12/22
14/20
12/24
14/22
14/22
16/22
14/24
16/22

6/18
8/16
6/20
8/18
6/22
8/20
6/24
8/22
6/26
8/24
8/26
10/24
8/28
10/26
10/28
12/26
10/30
12/28
12/30
14/28
12/30
14/30
14/32
16/30
14/32
16/30

See page 31 for footnotes

q
g

30 Technichal Information KVH , Duobalken , Triobalken , - 10/2012

k,N
k

TAB. 6.3.6

Tab. 6.3.6 - Ceiling beam cross-sections, C24 (S10), double span beams, e = 62.5 cm for NKL 1 and 2 with medium load durations l
Double span beam
e = 62.5 cm
C24 (S10)

Beam cross-section b/h [cm]1)

in dependency on span l and loads gk und qk.N

Dead load2) gk

1.75 kN/m

Live load2) qk.N

2.00 kN/m

Dimensioning
criterion3)
l = 3.00 m
l = 3.25 m
l = 3.50 m
l = 3.75 m
l = 4.00 m
l = 4.25 m
l = 4.50 m
l = 4.75 m
l = 5.00 m
l = 5.25 m
l = 5.50 m
l = 5.75 m
l = 6.00 m

2.50 kN/m

2.80 kN/m

3.00 kN/m

2.00 kN/m

2.80 kN/m

3.00 kN/m

6/16
8/14
6/18
8/16
6/20
8/18
6/20
8/18
8/20
10/20
8/20
10/18
10/20
12/18
10/20
12/18
10/22
12/20
10/22
12/20
12/22
14/20
12/22
14/20

6/18
8/16
6/20
8/18
6/20
8/18
6/22
8/20
8/22
10/20
8/24
10/22
10/24
12/22
12/24
14/24
12/26
14/24
14/26
16/26
14/28
16/26
14/30
16/28

6/18
8/16
6/20
8/18
6/22
8/18
6/24
8/20
8/22
10/20
8/22
10/20
10/22
12/20
10/22
12/20
10/24
12/22
10/24
12/22
12/24
14/22
12/24
14/24

6/18
8/16
6/20
8/18
6/20
8/20
6/22
8/20
8/22
10/20
8/24
10/22
10/24
12/22
12/24
14/24
12/26
14/24
14/26
16/26
14/28
16/26
14/30
16/28

6/20
8/18
6/20
8/18
6/22
8/20
6/24
8/20
8/22
10/20
8/24
10/20
10/22
12/20
10/24
12/22
10/24
12/22
10/26
12/24
12/24
14/22
12/26
14/24

6/18
8/16
6/20
8/18
6/20
8/20
6/22
8/20
8/22
10/20
8/24
10/22
10/20
12/22
12/24
14/22
12/24
14/24
14/26
16/26
14/28
16/26
14/30
16/28

6/18
8/16
6/20
8/18
6/22
8/18
6/22
8/20
8/22
10/18
8/22
10/20
8/24
10/22
8/24
10/22
10/24
12/22
10/24
12/22
12/24
14/22
12/24
14/22

6/20
8/18
6/22
8/20
6/24
8/22
6/26
8/24
8/26
10/24
8/26
10/26
10/28
12/26
10/30
12/28
12/30
14/28
12/32
14/30
14/32
16/30
14/34
16/32

6/20
8/18
6/22
8/18
6/24
8/20
6/24
8/22
8/22
10/20
8/24
10/22
10/24
12/22
10/24
12/22
12/24
14/22
12/24
14/22
14/24
16/22
14/24
16/24

6/20
8/18
6/22
8/20
6/24
8/22
6/26
8/24
8/26
10/24
8/28
10/26
10/28
12/26
10/30
12/28
12/30
14/28
14/30
16/30
14/32
16/30
14/32
16/30

6/20
8/18
6/22
8/20
6/24
8/20
8/22
10/20
8/24
10/20
10/22
12/20
10/24
12/22
12/22
14/22
12/24
14/22
12/24
14/24
14/24
16/22
14/26
16/24

6/20
8/18
6/22
8/20
6/24
8/22
8/24
10/22
8/26
10/24
10/26
12/24
10/28
12/26
12/28
14/26
12/28
16/26
14/30
16/28
14/32
16/30
14/32
16/30

14/22
16/20

14/32
16/30

14/24
16/22

14/32
16/30

14/24
16/24

14/32
16/30

14/24
16/22

14/32
16/32

14/26
16/24

14/32
16/30

14/26
16/24

14/32
16/30

Footnotes to Table 6.3.5 and 6.3.6

1) Bold: Preferred cross-section KVH , Duobalken or Triobalken

With gray background: Reduction in the cross-sectional height by 2 cm possible if Duobalken or Triobalken
2) Action:
gk:
qk,N:

is used

Characteristic permanent action (dead weight) in accordance with DIN EN 1991-1

Characteristic variable action (live loads) in accordance with DIN EN 1991-1

3) Dimensioning criteria (left or right column)

A

Stress resistance to flection MR,d and lateral force VR,d

- Elastic deflection in the characteristic dimensioning situation: selected winst l/300

- Final deflection in the quasi-permanent dimensioning situation: selected wfin l/200

Dimensioning in compliance with the criteria of a vibration verification

- Natural frequency f1 8.0 Hz

- Limitation of deflection to w = 1.5 mm under a load F = 1 kN in an unfavorable position (middle of beam)

- Ratio of pulse velocity v to a factor b resulting from the deflection w is smaller than 1 (v/b(f1+-1) 1)

Technichal Information KVH , Duobalken , Triobalken - 10/2012

31

TAB. 6.3.7

Tab. 6.3.7 - Ceiling beam cross-sections, C24 (S10), double span beams, e = 75.0 cm for NKL 1 and 2 with medium load durations
Double span beam
e = 75.0 cm
C24 (S10)

Beam cross-section b/h [cm]1)

in dependency on span l and loads gk und qk.N

Dead load2) gk

1.75 kN/m

Live load2) qk.N

2.00 kN/m

Dimensioning
criterion3)

2.50 kN/m

2.80 kN/m

3.00 kN/m

2.00 kN/m

2.80 kN/m

3.00 kN/m

l = 3.00 m

6/18
8/16

6/18
8/16

6/20
8/18

6/20
8/18

6/20
8/18

6/20
8/18

6/20
8/18

6/20
8/18

6/22
8/18

6/22
8/20

6/22
8/20

6/22
8/20

l = 3.25 m

6/20
8/18

6/20
8/18

6/22
8/20

6/22
8/20

6/22
8/20

6/22
8/20

6/22
8/20

6/22
8/20

6/24
8/20

6/24
8/22

6/24
8/22

6/24
8/22

l = 3.50 m

6/22
8/18

6/22
8/20

6/24
8/20

6/24
8/20

6/24
8/22

6/24
8/22

6/24
8/20

6/24
8/22

8/22
10/20

8/22
10/20

8/22
10/20

8/22
10/20

l = 3.75 m

6/22
8/20

6/24
8/22

6/26
8/22

6/26
8/22

8/22
10/20

8/22
10/20

6/24
8/22

6/26
8/24

8/24
10/22

8/24
1022

8/24
10/22

8/24
10/22

l = 4.00 m

8/22
10/20

8/22
10/22

8/24
10/20

8/24
10/22

8/24
10/22

8/24
10/22

8/24
10/20

8/26
10/24

8/26
10/22

8/06
10/24

8/26
10/22

8/26
10/24

8/22
10/20
8/24
10/22

8/26
10/24
8/28
10/26

8/24
10/22
10/24
12/22

8/26
10/24
10/26
12/24

10/22
12/20
10/24
12/22

10/24
12/22
10/26
12/24

8/24
10/22
10/24
12/22

8/28
10/26
10/30
12/28

10/24
12/22
10/26
12/24

10/26
12/26
10/28
12/28

10/24
12/22
10/26
12/24

10/26
12/26
10/28
12/28

l = 4.75 m

8/26
10/22

8/30
10/28

10/24
12/22

12/26
14/24

12/24
14/22

12/26
14/24

10/24
12/22

10/30
12/28

10/26
12/24

10/30
12/28

10/28
12/24

10/30
12/28

l = 5.00 m

10/24
12/22

10/30
12/28

12/24
14/22

12/28
14/26

12/24
14/22

12/28
14/28

12/24
14/22

14/30
16/28

12/26
14/24

14/30
16/28

12/26
14/24

14/30
16/28

l = 5.25 m

10/24
12/22

12/30
14/28

12/24
14/24

12/30
14/28

14/26
14/24

12/30
14/28

12/24
14/22

14/32
16/30

12/26
14/24

14/32
16/30

12/28
14/26

12/32
14/30

l = 5.50 m

12/24
14/22

12/32
14/30

12/26
14/24

14/30
16/28

12/26
14/24

14/30
16/28

14/24
16/22

14/32
16/30

14/26
16/24

14/32
16/30

14/26
16/24

14/32
16/30

l = 5.75 m

12/24
14/22

14/32
14/30

14/26
16/24

14/32
16/30

14/26
16/24

14/32
16/30

14/24
16/24

14/34
16/32

14/28
16/26

14/32
16/30

14/28
16/26

14/32
16/30

l = 6.00 m

14/24
16/22

14/32
16/30

14/26
16/24

14/32
16/30

14/26
16/26

14/32
16/30

14/26
16/24

14/32
16/30

14/28
16/26

14/32
16/30

14/28
16/28

14/32
16/30

l = 4.25 m
l = 4.50 m

See page 31 for footnotes

32 Technichal Information KVH , Duobalken , Triobalken , - 10/2012

TAB. 6.3.8

Tab. 6.3.8 - Ceiling beam cross-sections, C24 (S10), double span beams, e = 83.3 cm for NKL 1 and 2 with medium load durations
Double span beam
e = 83.3 cm
C24 (S10)

Beam cross-section b/h [cm]1)

in dependency on span l and loads gk und qk.N

Dead load2) gk

1.75 kN/m

Live load2) qk.N

Dimensioning
criterion3)

2.00 kN/m

2.50 kN/m

2.80 kN/m

3.00 kN/m

2.00 kN/m

2.80 kN/m

3.00 kN/m

l = 3.00 m

6/20
8/16

6/20
8/18

6/22
8/18

6/18
8/18

6/22
8/20

6/22
8/20

6/22
8/18

6/22
8/18

6/22
8/20

6/22
8/20

6/24
8/20

6/24
8/20

l = 3.25 m

6/20
8/18

6/20
8/18

6/24
8/20

6/20
8/18

6/24
8/20

6/24
8/20

6/22
8/20

6/22
8/20

6/24
8/22

6/24
8/22

6/26
8/22

6/26
8/22

l = 3.50 m

6/22
8/20

6/22
8/20

6/24
8/22

6/24
8/22

6/26
8/22

6/26
8/22

6/24
8/22

6/26
8/24

6/26
8/24

6/26
8/24

6/28
8/24

6/28
8/24

l = 3.75 m

6/24
8/20

6/24
8/22

6/26
8/24

6/26
8/24

6/28
8/24

6/28
8/24

8/22
10/20

8/24
10/24

8/24
10/22

8/26
10/24

6/28
8/26

6/28
8/26

l = 4.00 m

8/22
10/20

8/24
10/22

8/24
10/22

8/24
10/22

8/26
10/24

8/26
10/24

8/24
10/22

8/28
10/26

8/26
10/24

8/28
10/26

8/26
10/24

8/28
10/26

l = 4.25 m

8/24
10/22

8/26
10/24

8/26
10/24

8/26
10/24

8/26
10/24

8/26
10/24

10/24
12/22

10/28
12/26

10/26
12/22

10/28
12/26

8/28
10/26

8/30
10/28

l = 4.50 m

10/22
12/20

10/26
12/26

10/24
12/22

10/26
12/26

10/26
12/24

10/26
12/24

10/24
12/22

10/30
12/28

10/26
12/24

10/30
12/28

10/26
12/24

10/30
12/28

l = 4.75 m

10/24
12/22

10/28
12/26

10/26
12/24

12/26
14/26

10/26
12/24

10/28
12/26

12/24
14/22

12/30
14/28

10/28
12/26

12/30
14/28

10/28
12/26

12/30
14/28

l = 5.00 m

10/24
12/22

10/30
12/28

10/28
12/26

12/28
14/28

10/28
12/26

12/28
14/28

12/24
14/22

14/30
16/30

12/26
14/24

12/32
14/30

10/30
12/28

12/32
14/30

l = 5.25 m

10/26
12/24

12/30
14/28

10/28
12/26

14/30
16/28

10/30
12/28

12/30
14/28

12/26
14/24

14/32
16/30

12/28
14/26

14/32
16/30

12/30
14/26

14/32
16/30

l = 5.50 m

12/24
14/22

14/30
16/28

12/28
14/26

14/30
16/30

12/28
14/26

14/30
16/28

14/26
16/24

14/32
16/30

14/28
16/26

14/32
16/30

12/30
14/28

14/32
16/30

l = 5.75 m

14/24
16/22

14/32
16/30

12/28
14/26

14/30
16/28

14/28
16/26

14/32
16/30

14/26
16/24

14/32
16/30

14/28
16/26

14/32
16/30

14/30
16/28

14/32
16/30

l = 6.00 m

14/26
16/24

14/32
16/30

12/30
14/28

14/30
16/30

14/30
16/28

14/32
16/30

14/28
16/26

14/32
16/30

14/30
16/28

14/32
16/30

14/30
16/28

14/32
16/30

Technichal Information KVH , Duobalken , Triobalken - 10/2012

33

TAB. 6.4.1

6.3 Dimensioning of Posts

Tab. 6.4.1 - Dimensioning values for load-bearing capacity Rc,d for single-piece posts, C24 (S10),
with articulated support on both sides1), for NKL 1 and 2 with medium load durations

C24
(S10)
b/h
[cm]
6/10
6/12
6/14
6/16
6/18
6/20
6/22
6/24
8/10
8/12
8/14
8/16
8/18
8/20
8/22
8/24
10/10
10/12
10/14
10/16
10/18
10/20
10/22
10/24
12/12
12/14
12/16
12/18
12/20
12/22
12/24
14/14
14/16
14/18
14/20
14/22
14/24
16/16
16/20
16/22
16/24
18/18
18/20
18/22
18/24
20/20
20/22
20/24
24/24

Rc.d [kN] in dependency on buckling length sk [m]2)

2.50
KVH
7.97
9.57
11.16
12.76
14.35
15.94
17.54
19.13
18.24
21.89
25.53
29.18
32.83
36.48
40.12
43.77
33.96
40.75
47.54
54.34
61.13
67.92
74.71
81.51
65.76
76.71
87.67
98.63
109.59
120.55
131.51
110.39
126.16
141.93
157.70
173.47
189.24
165.38
206.73
227.40
248.07
227.88
253.20
278.52
303.84
296.71
326.38
356.05
453.41

3.00

DTB
8.31
9.98
11.64
13.30
14.96
16.63
18.29
19.95
18.99
22.79
26.59
30.38
34.18
37.98
41.78
45.57
35.26
42.31
49.37
56.42
63.47
70.52
77.58
84.63
67.94
79.27
90.59
101.92
113.24
124.56
135.89
113.26
129.44
145.62
161.81
177.99
194.17
168.44
210.54
231.60
252.65
230.78
256.43
282.07
307.71
299.40
329.34
359.27
455.81

KVH
5.62
6.74
7.87
8.99
10.12
11.24
12.36
13.49
12.98
15.58
18.17
20.77
23.37
25.96
28.56
31.15
24.57
29.48
34.39
39.31
44.22
49.13
54.05
58.96
48.90
57.05
65.20
73.36
81.51
89.66
97.81
85.73
97.98
110.22
122.47
134.72
146.96
135.64
169.55
186.51
203.47
196.99
218.88
240.77
262.66
267.08
293.79
320.50
427.26

DTB
5.86
7.04
8.21
9.38
10.55
11.73
12.90
14.07
13.53
16.24
18.94
21.65
24.36
27.06
29.77
32.47
25.57
30.68
35.80
40.91
46.03
51.14
56.25
61.37
50.78
59.24
67.70
76.17
84.63
93.09
101.55
88.67
101.34
114.00
126.67
139.34
152.01
139.53
174.41
191.85
209.29
201.35
223.72
246.09
268.46
271.44
298.58
325.73
431.13

3.50
KVH
4.17
5.00
5.84
6.67
7.51
8.34
9.18
10.01
9.68
11.62
13.56
15.49
17.43
19.37
21.31
23.24
18.47
22.17
25.86
29.56
33.25
36.95
40.64
44.34
37.23
43.44
49.65
55.85
62.06
68.26
74.47
66.56
76.07
85.58
95.09
104.60
114.11
108.42
135.53
149.08
162.63
163.48
181.64
199.81
217.97
230.67
253.74
276.81
392.57

4.00

DTB
4.35
5.22
6.09
6.96
7.83
8.71
9.58
10.45
10.10
12.12
14.14
16.16
18.18
20.20
22.22
24.24
19.25
23.10
26.95
30.80
34.65
38.50
42.35
46.20
38.74
45.20
51.66
58.12
64.57
71.03
77.49
69.11
78.99
88.86
98.73
108.61
118.48
112.21
140.27
154.29
168.32
168.45
187.16
205.88
224.59
236.42
260.06
283.70
398.43

KVH
3.22
3.86
4.50
5.15
5.79
6.43
7.08
7.72
7.49
8.99
10.49
11.99
13.49
14.99
16.49
17.98
14.36
17.23
20.10
22.98
25.85
28.72
31.59
34.46
29.14
33.99
38.85
43.70
48.56
53.42
58.27
52.60
60.12
67.63
75.15
82.66
90.18
86.94
108.67
119.54
130.41
133.83
148.70
163.57
178.44
193.97
213.36
232.76
350.21

DTB
3.36
4.03
4.70
5.37
6.04
6.72
7.39
8.06
7.82
9.38
10.95
12.51
14.07
15.64
17.20
18.76
14.97
17.97
20.96
23.96
26.95
29.94
32.94
35.93
30.35
35.41
40.47
45.53
50.58
55.64
60.70
54.72
62.54
70.36
78.18
85.99
93.81
90.27
112.84
124.12
135.41
138.58
153.98
169.37
184.77
200.10
220.12
240.13
357.95

4.50
KVH
2.56
3.07
3.58
4.09
4.60
5.11
5.62
6.13
5.97
7.16
8.35
9.55
10.74
11.94
13.13
14.32
11.47
13.76
16.06
18.35
20.65
22.94
25.23
27.53
23.37
27.26
31.15
35.05
38.94
42.84
46.73
42.42
48.48
54.54
60.60
66.66
72.73
70.68
88.35
97.18
106.02
110.03
122.26
134.48
146.71
161.96
178.16
194.35
305.20

DTB
2.67
3.20
3.74
4.27
4.80
5.34
5.87
6.40
6.23
7.47
8.72
9.96
11.21
12.45
13.70
14.95
11.96
14.36
16.75
19.14
21.53
23.93
26.32
28.71
24.36
28.42
32.47
36.53
40.59
44.65
48.71
44.18
50.49
56.80
63.11
69.43
75.74
73.51
91.89
101.08
110.27
114.25
126.94
139.64
152.33
167.76
184.54
201.32
313.93

5.00
KVH
2.08
2.49
2.91
3.33
3.74
4.16
4.57
4.99
4.86
5.84
6.81
7.78
8.75
9.73
10.70
11.67
9.37
11.24
13.11
14.99
16.86
18.73
20.61
22.48
19.13
22.32
25.51
28.70
31.89
35.08
38.27
34.86
39.84
44.82
49.80
54.78
59.76
58.36
72.95
80.25
87.54
91.46
101.62
111.79
121.95
135.84
149.43
163.01
263.02

-KVH = KVH structural finger-jointed timber

34 Technichal Information KVH , Duobalken , Triobalken , - 10/2012

DTB
2.17
2.60
3.04
3.47
3.91
4.34
4.78
5.21
5.08
6.09
7.11
8.12
9.14
10.15
11.17
12.18
9.77
11.73
13.68
15.64
17.59
19.55
21.50
23.45
19.95
23.28
26.60
29.93
33.25
36.58
39.90
36.33
41.52
46.71
51.90
57.09
62.28
60.77
75.96
83.55
91.15
95.12
105.69
116.26
126.82
141.05
155.15
169.26
271.78

5.50
KVH
1.72
2.07
2.41
2.76
3.10
3.45
3.79
4.14
4.04
4.85
5.65
6.46
7.27
8.08
8.89
9.69
7.79
9.35
10.91
12.47
14.02
15.58
17.14
18.70
15.95
18.60
21.26
23.92
26.58
29.23
31.89
29.12
33.29
37.45
41.61
45.77
49.93
48.91
61.14
67.25
73.37
76.97
85.53
94.08
102.63
114.96
126.46
137.95
226.37

6.00

DTB
1.80
2.16
2.52
2.88
3.24
3.60
3.96
4.32
4.22
5.06
5.90
6.75
7.59
8.43
9.28
10.12
8.13
9.76
11.38
13.01
14.63
16.26
17.89
19.51
16.63
19.40
22.18
24.95
27.72
30.49
33.27
30.36
34.70
39.04
43.38
47.72
52.05
50.96
63.70
70.07
76.44
80.13
89.03
97.94
106.84
119.54
131.49
143.45
234.60

KVH
1.45
1.74
2.03
2.33
2.62
2.91
3.20
3.49
3.41
4.09
4.77
5.45
6.13
6.81
7.50
8.18
6.58
7.90
9.21
10.53
11.85
13.16
14.48
15.79
13.49
15.74
17.98
20.23
22.48
24.73
26.98
24.68
28.21
31.73
35.26
38.78
42.31
41.54
51.92
57.12
62.31
65.56
72.84
80.12
87.41
98.27
108.09
117.92
195.61

DTB
1.52
1.82
2.12
2.43
2.73
3.03
3.34
3.64
3.56
4.27
4.98
5.69
6.40
7.11
7.83
8.54
6.87
8.24
9.62
10.99
12.36
13.74
15.11
16.48
14.07
16.42
18.76
21.11
23.45
25.80
28.15
25.74
29.42
33.09
36.77
40.45
44.12
43.30
54.12
59.54
64.95
68.29
75.88
83.46
91.05
102.28
112.51
122.73
203.11

- Preferred cross-sections of KVH are shown in bold print

- DTB = Duobalken / Triobalken

The strength values contained in EN 338 apply. The calculation of rel takes a modulus of elasticity of E0.05
into consideration. The value for softwood is specified as 7,400 N/mm2 in Table 1. This value is determined
from the modulus of elasticity of E0.mean (E0.05 = 0.67 * E0.mean) in all cases. If this is

Fc,d

applied to Duobalken and Triobalken , the result with a modulus of elasticity of

kmod = 0.8;

und Triobalken compared to KVH . However, the increase varies according to the

partial safety factor for solid timber/glued

sk

specific situation (buckling length / cross-section) from between 2.05 to 4.93%. A

standard increase factor for the substitution of KVH with Duobalken and Triobal-

for a medium load duration (residential,

The resultant modification factor:

respect of the load-bearing capacity of compression struts made of Duobalken

for buckling along the weak (decisive) axis

office buildings) in Service Classes 1 and 2:

11.600 N/mm2 is a E0.05 = 11.600 * 0.67 = 7.772 N/mm2. This has positive results in

The dimensioning values are determined

solid timber: M = 1.3

ken is therefore not possible. This means that either the potential for increase as-

sociated with the use of Duobalken and Triobalken can be ignored, or the values

for load-bearing capacity given in the table can be applied separately for KVH and

Duobalken / Triobalken .

tabulation makes the following simplified

Single-piece post

approaches necessary:- partial safety value

on the load side:
gG = gQ = 1.5;
- combination factor yo = 1.0

6.5 Dimensioning of Rafters

Preliminary remarks: The following dimensioning reference tables were developed for rafters in purlin
roof structures. The values for the load action (wind and snow loads) applied here are based on roof
areas larger than 10 m. Additional structures on the roof such as, e.g. photovoltaic units or snow guards,
and trimmings, e.g. for skylights, must be taken into consideration separately in the building-specific
verification.

Footnotes to Tables 6.5.1 to 6.5.4

1) Bold

= Preferred cross-section of KVH or Duobalken , Triobalken

Action:
gk: Characteristic permanent action (dead weight) in accordance with DIN 1055-1: 2002-06
sk: Characteristic value for snow load on the ground in accordance with DIN 1055-5: 2005-07
qW: Wind pressure in accordance with DIN 1055-4: 2005-03

(qW = 0.9 kN/m corresponds to wind zone 2 up to h = 10 m above ground level)

Technichal Information KVH , Duobalken , Triobalken - 10/2012

35

TAB. 6.5.1

Rafter cross-sections for simply supported beams

Table 6.5.1 - Rafter cross-sections, C24 (S10), sk = 0.85 kN/m for NKL 1 and 2 with medium load durations
Simply supported beam - C24 (S10)
gk = 1.20 kN/m
sk = 0.85 kN/m
qW = 0.90 kN/m

sk

Rafter spacing [m]

k

l = 2.50 m
Maximum span
(area)

qw

l = 3.00 m
l = 3.50 m
l = 4.00 m
l = 4.50 m

Rafter cross-section b/h [cm]1)

in dependency on roof pitch, rafter spacing e and span l
a = 5 - 25
0.625
6/14
8/12
6/16
8/16
6/20
8/18
6/22
8/20
6/24
8/22

Rafter spacing (m)

supported beam

l = 2.50 m
Maximum span
(area)

0.833

0.625

6/14
8/14
6/18
8/16
6/20
8/18
6/22
8/20
6/26
8/24

6/14
8/14
6/18
8/16
6/20
8/18
6/24
8/22
6/26
8/24

0.75

0.833

0.625

0.75

0.833

6/16
8/16
6/20
8/18
6/22
8/20
6/26
8/24
8/26
10/24

6/16
8/16
6/20
8/18
6/24
8/22
6/26
8/24
8/26
10/26

6/20
8/18
6/24
8/22
8/24
10/22
10/26
12/24
10/30
14/26

6/20
8/18
6/24
8/22
8/26
10/24
10/28
12/26
10/30
14/28

6/20
8/18
6/24
8/22
8/26
10/24
10/28
12/26
10/32
16/24

6/14
8/14
6/18
8/16
6/20
8/18
6/22
8/20
6/26
8/22
a = 36 - 45

Roof pitch

Rafter in the form of a simply

0.75

a = 26 - 35

l = 3.00 m
l = 3.50 m
l = 4.00 m
l = 4.50 m

0.625
6/16
8/14
6/20
8/18
6/24
8/20
6/26
8/22
8/26
10/24

0.75
6/14
8/14
6/18
8/16
6/22
8/20
6/24
8/22
6/26
8/24

0.833
6/16
8/14
6/18
8/16
6/22
8/20
6/24
8/22
8/24
8/24

a = 46 - 55

Table 6.5.2 - Rafter cross-sections, C24 (S10), sk = 1.10 kN/m for NKL 1 and 2 with medium load durations

TAB. 6.5.2

Simply supported beam - C24 (S10)

gk = 1.20 kN/m
sk = 1.10 kN/m
qW = 0.90 kN/m
Rafter spacing [m]
l = 2.50 m

Maximum span
(area)

sk

qw

l = 3.00 m
l = 3.50 m
l = 4.00 m
l = 4.50 m

Rafter cross-section b/h [cm]1)

in dependency on roof pitch, rafter spacing e and span l
a = 5 - 25
0.625
6/14
8/14
6/18
8/16
6/20
8/18
6/22
8/20
6/26
8/24

l = 2.50 m
l = 3.00 m

Maximum span
(area)

Rafter in the form of a simply

supported beam

l = 3.50 m
l = 4.00 m
l = 4.50 m

0.833
6/16
8/14
6/18
8/16
6/20
8/18
6/24
8/22
8/24
8/24

0.625

0.75

0.833

6/16
8/14
6/18
8/16
6/22
8/20
6/24
8/22
8/24
10/22

6/16
8/14
6/18
8/16
6/22
8/20
6/24
8/22
8/26
10/24

6/16
8/14
6/18
8/16
6/22
8/20
6/24
8/22
8/26
10/24

a = 36 - 45

Roof pitch
Rafter spacing (m)

0.75
6/14
8/14
6/18
8/16
6/20
8/18
6/24
8/24
8/24
10/22

a = 26 - 35

36 Technichal Information KVH , Duobalken , Triobalken , - 10/2012

0.625
6/16
8/14
6/20
8/18
6/22
8/20
6/24
8/24
8/26
10/24

0.75
6/16
8/14
6/20
8/18
6/24
8/22
8/24
8/24
8/26
10/24

a = 46 - 55
0.833
6/18
8/16
6/20
8/18
6/24
8/22
8/24
10/22
8/28
10/24

0.625
6/20
8/18
6/24
8/22
6/26
8/24
8/28
12/24
10/30
18/24

0.75
6/20
8/18
6/24
8/22
6/26
10/24
10/28
12/26
10/30
20/24

0.833
6/20
8/18
6/24
8/22
8/24
10/24
10/28
12/26
10/32
20/24

TAB. 6.5.3

Rafter cross-sections for double span beams

Table 6.5.3 - Rafter cross-sections, C24 (S10), sk = 0.85 kN/m for NKL 1 and 2 with medium load durations
Double span beam - C24 (S10)
gk = 1.20 kN/m
sk = 0.85 kN/m
qW = 0.90 kN/m
Rafter spacing [m]
l = 2.50 m

Maximum span
(area)

l = 3.00 m
l = 3.50 m
l = 4.00 m
l = 4.50 m
l = 5.00 m

Rafter cross-section b/h [cm]1)

in dependency on roof pitch, rafter spacing e and span l
a = 5 - 25
0.625
6/10
8/10
6/12
8/10
6/14
8/12
6/16
8/14
6/16
8/16
6/18
8/18

6/10
8/10
6/12
8/12
6/14
8/14
6/16
8/14
6/18
8/16
6/20
8/18

0.833

0.625

6/10
8/10
6/12
8/12
6/14
8/14
6/16
8/16
6/18
8/16
6/20
8/18

6/10
8/10
6/12
8/12
6/14
8/14
6/16
8/14
6/18
8/16
6/20
8/18

0.833

0.625

a = 36 - 45

Roof pitch
Rafter spacing (m)
l = 2.50 m
Maximum span
(area)

0.75

a = 26 - 35

l = 3.00 m
l = 3.50 m
l = 4.00 m
l = 4.50 m
l = 5.00 m

0.625
6/12
8/10
6/14
8/12
6/16
8/14
6/18
8/16
6/20
8/18
6/22
8/20

0.75
6/12
8/10
6/14
8/12
6/16
8/14
6/18
8/16
6/20
8/18
6/22
8/20

0.75
6/12
8/10
6/14
8/12
6/16
8/14
6/16
8/16
6/20
8/18
6/22
8/20

sk

0.833
6/14
8/10
6/14
8/12
6/16
8/14
6/18
6/16
6/20
8/18
6/22
8/20

qw

Rafter in the form of a

a = 46 - 55
6/12
8/12
6/14
8/12
6/16
8/16
6/20
8/18
6/22
8/20
6/24
8/22

6/14
8/12
6/16
8/16
6/20
8/18
6/22
8/20
6/24
8/22
8/24
10/22

0.75

0.833

6/14
8/14
6/18
8/16
6/20
8/18
6/24
8/22
8/24
10/22
10/24
12/22

6/16
8/14
6/18
8/16
6/20
8/20
6/24
8/22
8/24
10/22
10/24
12/24

double span beam

(identical spans)

Table 6.5.4 - Rafter cross-sections, C24 (S10), sk = 1.10 kN/m for NKL 1 and 2 with medium load durations
Double span beam - C24 (S10)
gk = 1.20 kN/m
sk = 1.10 kN/m
qW = 0.90 kN/m
Rafter spacing [m]

Maximum span
(area)

l = 2.50 m
l = 3.00 m
l = 3.50 m
l = 4.00 m
l = 4.50 m
l = 5.00 m

a = 5 - 25

Maximum span
(area)

l = 2.50 m
l = 3.00 m
l = 3.50 m
l = 4.00 m
l = 4.50 m
l = 5.00 m

a = 26 - 35

0.625
6/10
8/10
6/12
8/10
6/14
8/12
6/16
8/14
6/18
8/16
6/20
8/18

0.75
6/10
8/10
6/12
8/12
6/14
8/14
6/16
8/16
6/18
8/16
6/20
8/18
a = 36 - 45

0.833
6/12
8/10
6/14
8/12
6/16
8/14
6/18
8/16
6/20
8/18
6/22
8/20

0.625
6/10
8/10
6/12
8/12
6/14
8/14
6/16
8/16
6/18
8/16
6/20
8/18

0.75
6/12
8/12
6/14
8/12
6/16
8/14
6/18
8/16
6/20
8/18
6/22
8/20
a = 46 - 55

0.833
6/12
8/10
6/14
8/12
6/16
8/14
6/18
8/16
6/20
8/18
6/22
8/20

0.625
6/12
8/10
6/14
8/12
6/16
8/14
6/18
8/16
6/20
8/18
6/22
8/20

0.75
6/12
8/12
6/14
8/14
6/16
8/14
6/18
8/18
6/22
8/20
6/24
8/22

0.833
6/12
8/12
6/14
8/14
6/18
8/16
6/20
8/18
6/22
8/20
6/24
8/22

0.625
6/14
8/12
6/16
8/16
6/20
8/18
6/22
8/20
6/24
8/22
6/26
8/24

0.75
6/14
8/14
6/18
8/16
6/20
8/18
6/24
8/20
6/26
8/24
6/28
8/26

0.833
6/16
8/14
6/18
8/16
6/20
8/20
6/24
8/22
6/26
8/24
6/30
8/26

Roof pitch
Rafter spacing (m)

TAB. 6.5.4

Rafter cross-section b/h [cm]1)

in dependency on roof pitch, rafter spacing e and span l

sk
g

qw

Rafter in the form of a

double span beam
(identical spans)

Technichal Information KVH , Duobalken , Triobalken - 10/2012

37

7 Tenders
The German contract procedures for building works (VOB/A, Section 9) stipulate the following: "The work
required must be described clearly and in sufficient detail to ensure that all bidders understand the
description to have the same meaning and to enable them to calculate their prices with certainty and
without extensive preparatory work." You can only be certain of obtaining the correct product if the wording in your tender documents is clear, complete and correct in technical terms. Given the high standard

of quality to be met by KVH , Duobalken and Triobalken , careful quality controls are required during
production. It is therefore in your own interests for you to ensure that the timber you are supplied with
comes from quality supervised production sources. For an up-to-date list of supervised firms, please see
www.kvh.de. in the internet.
Technical standards
General:
ATV DIN 18334 - German VOB contract procedures for building works - Part C: General technical
specifications for building works for carpentry and timber construction works
DIN 4074-1 - Strength grading of wood - Part 1: Sawn coniferous timber
DIN EN 336 - Structural timber Sizes, permitted deviations
DIN EN 338 - Structural timber Strength classes
DIN EN 1912 - Structural timber Strength classes Assignment of visual grades and species
The following applies in addition for

Non-finger-jointed KVH :
DIN EN 14081-1 - Timber structures Strength graded structural timber with rectangular cross section
Part 1: General requirements;
DIN 20000-5 - Application of construction products in structures
Part 5: Strength graded structural timber with rectangular cross section

Finger-jointed KVH :
DIN 1052: 2008-12 - Design of timber structures - General rules and rules for buildings (current version, 2008-12)
DIN 4074-1 - Strength grading of wood - Part 1: Sawn coniferous timber

Duobalken and Triobalken :

General technical approval of the German building authorities No. Z-9.1-440

38 Technichal Information KVH , Duobalken , Triobalken , - 10/2012

Tender wording for the supply of construction timber made of KVH

Item...: ... m Supply of KVH Si structural finger-jointed timber, S10/C24

KVH Si (for exposed areas) structural finger-jointed timber compliant with DIN 4074-1

S10TS (strength class C24). Moisture content: um = 15 3%. Type of cutting: Split-heart.

Surface: Planed and chamfered. Dimensional stability class 2 in accordance with EN 336,

from a quality supervised production source.

Item... ... m Supply of KVH NSi structural finger-jointed timber, S10/C24

KVH NSi (for non-exposed areas) structural finger-jointed timber compliant with DIN 4074-1

S10TS (strength class C24). Moisture content: um = 15 3%. Type of cutting: Split-heart.

Surface: Leveled and chamfered. Dimensional stability class 2 in accordance with EN 336,

from a quality supervised production source.

Tender wording for the supply of glued solid timber

Item... ... m Supply of Duobalken Si glued solid timber, S10/C24

Duobalken Si (for exposed areas) glued solid timber, made of two planks which are glued

together, compliant with DIN 4074-1 S10TS (strength class C24 in accordance with DIN 1052).

Moisture content um = max. 15%. Surface: Planed and chamfered. Dimensional stability

class 2 in accordance with EN 336, from a quality supervised production source,

in accordance with approval number Z-9.1-440.

Item... ... m Supply of Triobalken Si glued solid timber, S10/C24

Triobalken Si (for exposed areas) glued solid timber, made of three planks which are glued

together, compliant with DIN 4074-1 S10TS (strength class C24 in accordance with DIN 1052).

Moisture content um = max. 15 3%. Surface: Planed and chamfered. Dimensional stability

class 2 in accordance with EN 336, from a quality supervised production source,

in accordance with approval number Z-9.1-440.

Note: Duobalken and Triobalken can also be supplied for non-exposed areas, in which case the surface
is leveled and the edges are chamfered.
Special requirements

glued solid timber

Wood

KVH structural finger-jointed timber and Duobalken and Triobalken

species

are made of spruce/fir as standard. However, they can also be supplied in pine, larch and
Douglas fir as well. Where it is intended that the products be used within the terms of

Use Class 2 as defined by DIN 68800-1 (temporary humidification, e.g. in protected outside
areas) and no preservative treatment is to be used, the tender document must specify
sapwood-free dark-colored heartwood of larch or Douglas fir.

Technichal Information KVH , Duobalken , Triobalken - 10/2012

39

8 Quality control and marking

Section 20 of the federal state building regula-

all information required in addition has to be ap-

+HUVWHOOHU

tions in Germany and Section 17 of the German

plied to the waybill. Where considered desirable

',1
676

Model Building Regulations (version 11/2002)

for reasons of appearance it is permissible to

contain the stipulations governing the use of

dispense with the application of the mark on the

construction products for the erection, alteration

product itself in the case of KVH -Si structural

and maintenance of built structures. They require

finger-jointed timber for exposed areas. In this

that construction products must bear either the

case the respective mark has to appear in full on

national mark of conformity ("" mark) or the

the delivery note.

mark (inspection mark) and

text code for KVH without finger

jointing

zzz
CE
xxx
Sgewerk xyz. Anschrift
09
xxxxx-CPD-yyyyy
EN 14081-1
Bauholz fr tragende Zwecke
C24 (S10)
Kurzzeichen fr Holzart:
Sortiernorm:
Brandverhalten
Dauerhaftigkeitsklasse:

trocken sortiert
POAB (Fichte)
EN 338 + DIN 4074
D-s2.d0
4

CE mark of conformity and

text code for

mark of conformity required under the provisions

of the Construction Products Law or the Construc-

Marking of KVH

tion Products Directive of the European Commu-

KVH without finger jointing

nity (CE mark of conformity). Building law is vio-

KVH without finger-jointed joints can currently

lated if solid timber products which do not bear

be marked with both a German mark and the

such marks are used for load-bearing structures.

CE mark of conformity. The mark relates in

The mark provides verification in each case that

this case to DIN 4074-1 as the technical standard

the product is in compliance with ( mark) or con-

with specification of the grading class of the

forms with (CE mark of conformity) the technical

timber. The CE mark of conformity relates to DIN

standards introduced by the building regulation

EN 14081-1 as the basis, which, in conjunction

authorities. The mark has to be included on the

with application standard DIN 20000-5, has been

product or the waybill/packaging. Alternatively it

introduced by the building regulation authorities

can be applied to the product itself in the form of

by virtue of inclusion in the lists of acknowledged

a text mark. This must specify the manufacturer,

technical rules for works (LTB) of the German

the product name, the grading class and the date

federal states.

of production. The mark itself or the CE mark

KVH without finger jointing

of conformity with

40 Technichal Information KVH , Duobalken , Triobalken , - 10/2012


KVH with finger jointing (the general rule) can

Marking of Duobalken and Triobalken

currently only be marked with a German mark

(covered by standards) products. They are appro-

on the basis of DIN 1052:2008-12, Annex I. Even if

ved under building regulations requirements by

DIN 1052:2008-12 is no longer valid as a dimensi-

virtue of certification of suitability for use in the

oning standard after the introduction EC 5 (DIN

form of product approval number Z-9.1-440 issued

1995-1-1/+NA), it continues to apply as a product

by the Deutsche Institut fr Bautechnik (DIBt).

KVH with finger jointing

Duobalken and Triobalken are not regulated

+HUVWHOOHU
',1
9ROOKRO]PLW
.HLO]LQNHQVWR
&

%LOG]HLFKHQ
GHU
=HUWLIL]LHUXQJV
VWHOOH

standard, e.g. for KVH with finger jointing. The

Z-9.1-440 - Duobalken and Triobalken (glued

mark must therefore include reference to DIN

solid timber made of either two or three boards,

1052:2008-12, the additional text Solid timber

planks or pieces of square-sawn timber which are

with finger-jointed joint and the strength class

glued together). Continuous production controls

(C24). Also to be included is the symbol or logo of

by the manufacturer (internal monitoring) as

mark

the independent inspection agency responsible

well as monitoring by an external agency are

(inspection mark) and text code

for checking that the finger jointing complies

mandatory for these products. Compliance with

with the requirements of DIN EN 385:2007-11.

requirements is documented by the German ""

for KVH with finger jointing

mark; there is no provision for marking with a CE

The members of the berwachungsgemeinschaft

mark of conformity to date. The description of the

Konstruktionsvollholz e.V. monitor the quality of

object of approval (Duobalken or Triobalken )

their products through quality controls within

and the grading class also have to be specified

their companies (internal monitoring) and

with the U mark. Where considered desirable for

additional monitoring by independent agencies.

reasons of appearance the timber can be marked

This applies not just to the mandatory characte-

with a permanent text code instead of the ""

ristics required under regulations but also to the

mark. In this case the U mark has to appear in

additional requirements stipulated within the

full on the delivery note.

+HUVWHOOHU

Only structural finger-jointed timber which is

Special characteristics of Duobalken

=
'XREDONHQ
&

monitored in this way and is manufactured by the

and Triobalken

companies which are

The approval for Duobalken and Triobalken

members of the ber-

beams allows the application of 5% higher values

wachungsgemeinschaft

for the modulus of elasticity compared to solid

Konstruktionsvollholz

timber. With a value of 11.600 N/mm2 it is possible

e.V. is permitted to bear

to reduce the amount of deflection, which is a

(inspection mark) and text code

the internationally pro-

major advantage in relation to a criterion which

for Duobalken and Triobalken

agreement on structural finger-jointed timber.

tected KVH trademark.

%LOG]HLFKHQ
GHU
=HUWLIL]LHUXQJV
VWHOOH

mark

is often decisive in timber construction. The calculated values for deflection stiffness are therefore
the same as those for cross laminated timber
of strength class GL24 (previously BS11). All the
other strength properties are the same as those

for solid timber or KVH .

Technichal Information KVH , Duobalken , Triobalken - 10/2012

41

NOTES

42 Technichal Information KVH , Duobalken , Triobalken , - 10/2012

Technichal Information KVH , Duobalken , Triobalken - 10/2012

43

Advantages of KVH structural finger-jointed timber

Dried structural timber components available in cross-sections of up to 14/26 cm
Dimensionally stable because they are kiln-dried to 15 3% and cut on a
split-heart basis (free-of-heart on request)
Two qualities available:
- planed for exposed areas (Si)
- leveled for non-exposed areas (NSi)
Meets higher requirements than those specified in grading standard DIN 4074-1
Recommended for structural finger-jointed timber in timber frame buildings and timber house construction
Minimum tender specification work because of a clear agreement on quality
Resistant to insects thanks to kiln drying; preservative treatment can be dispensed with
Economical preferred cross-sections and lengths of up to 13 m available for immediate delivery from stock;
longer lengths available on request

Advantages of Duobalken and Triobalken beams

Larger cross-sections of up to 24/28 cm or 10/36 cm available
Dimensionally stable because they are kiln-dried to a maximum of 15%, cut on a split-heart basis and glued
Two qualities available:
- planed for exposed areas (Si)
- leveled for non-exposed areas (NSi)
Greater rigidity than solid timber of the same strength class
Suitable for voluminous or high cross-sections with high requirements in terms of appearance
Resistant to insects thanks to kiln drying; preservative treatment can be dispensed with
Economical preferred cross-sections and lengths of up to 13 m available for immediate delivery from stock;
longer lengths available on request

berwachungsgemeinschaft KVH
Konstruktionsvollholz e.V.
Elfriede-Stremmel-Str. 69
D - 42369 Wuppertal

Supplied with the compliments of:

E-mail
Internet

44 Technichal Information KVH , Duobalken , Triobalken , - 10/2012

[email protected]
www.kvh.de