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Twisted Yarns in Technical Textiles. - : Why Twist?

The document discusses why twisting of man-made fibers is important. Twisting is mainly done for two reasons - to hold together monofilaments and create specific properties in the finished yarn. Twisting integrates monofilaments evenly and increases tensile strength. It allows further processing and is important for applications like sewing thread, tire cord, timing belts, and hoses where it absorbs forces under pressure.

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69 views

Twisted Yarns in Technical Textiles. - : Why Twist?

The document discusses why twisting of man-made fibers is important. Twisting is mainly done for two reasons - to hold together monofilaments and create specific properties in the finished yarn. Twisting integrates monofilaments evenly and increases tensile strength. It allows further processing and is important for applications like sewing thread, tire cord, timing belts, and hoses where it absorbs forces under pressure.

Uploaded by

Bahadır Kaya
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Why twist?

TWISTED YARNS IN TECHNICAL TEXTILES.

TWISTING OF Man-made FibREs.

Manmade fibres, in particular those that are required


for technical applications represent a fast-growing
market. Some of the manmade fibres are twisted before
further processing. But why?
Twisting is carried out mainly for two reasons: Firstly, the monofilaments arranged parallel to one another must be held together, i.e.
reinforced this is the case with a protection twist or sewing thread
and secondly, to create specific properties in the finished yarn (e.g.
tire cord).

Trouble-free further processing thanks to closed surface


Let us first take a look at the protection twist: Manmade fibres produced by the spinning machine are made up of numerous monofilaments arranged parallel to one another. The measurement 1670
dtex f 384 tells us, for example, that the yarn comprises 384
monofilaments. These monofilaments must be held together by applying a protection twist. The task of the protection twist is to enable
the further processing of the yarn, e.g. in weaving.
The protection twist ideally integrates the monofilaments evenly into
the fibre strand. There is no decrease in tensile strength as is the
case with twisting, on the contrary, the maximum tensile strength
actually increases.

A more typical application for a protection twist are warp yarns


which are used for manufacturing facing fabric, e.g. for tarpaulins,
roofs or tents. Manmade fibres which are used for manufacturing
belts, ropes or nets also require a protection twist before they can
be further processed.
Twisting is also indispensable in the production of turf and enables
the further processing of the yarn through the tufting machine. On
completion of the tufting process, the threads are cut and the turns
of twist in the finished product, i.e. artificial turf just disappear
again.
In order to hold the monofilaments together, only relatively few turns
of twist are required. Depending on the fineness, the yarns are
turned between 40 and 120 times per metre. High delivery speeds
are therefore a prerequisite for ensuring economic twisting. The
two-for-one twisting machine TechnoCorder TC2 is virtually predestined for this application, i.e. for producing a protection twist.
Thanks to a new drive concept for delivery, traverse motion and
winding, delivery speeds of up to 450 metre per minute are
achieved with the TechnoCorder TC2

Allma Volkmann
Leonhardstrasse 19, 87437 Kempten, Germany
T +49 831 688 0, F +49 831 688 321
[email protected], www.allma.saurer.com
Subject to alterations Allma Volkmann 01-2014

Why twist?
The needle along with sewing thread moves up and down up to 100 times
during the actual sewing process. It is important to ensure that the monofilaments are held together and that undesired loops do not form in the thread.
Both of these could cause errors in the sewing process. The thread must also
have a specific degree of elasticity. Two-step 2-ply and 3-ply twisted yarns
with relatively high twists have especially proved their worth in this application.
These yarns can be manufactured both on the Allma TC2 and the Allma
CC3-TfO, e.g. PES, 550 dtex x 1 500 S x 3 300 Z.

Absorption of tensile forces while maintaining max. fatigue


resistance
There is however, another reason why manmade fibres are twisted:
To achieve specific properties in the product
A tire cord, e.g. must possess sufficient tensile strength with a low yet precisely defined degree of elongation. The tire manufacturers speak of textile
reinforcement when referring to tire cord. As the tire cord in a rotating tire is
continuously subject to alternate tension and compression, it must also have
high fatigue resistance. The cord in the tire is tensioned and compressed
1000 million times. The tire cord must withstand this extremely high stress
factor. Relatively highly turned, two-stage, 2-ply or 3-ply meet these requirements, e.g.
PES 1670 dtex x 1 410 tpm Z x 2 410 tpm S

In practice, the cabling process has prevailed in the production of tire cord.
This involves a two-stage cord twist which is manufactured in one single process stage. As is the case with two-for-one twisting, the cabling process also
involves a yarn circling around the feed package in pot at high speed. Depending on the spindle geometry and fineness of yarn, a more or less large
yarn balloon is formed. The bigger the balloon, the higher the consumption of
energy. Thanks to the controlled yarn feed of the Allma CC4, the diametre of
the yarn balloon can be reduced to a minimum at all times irrespective of the
fineness of the yarn and thus save approx. 50 % energy.

Cord twist requirements that are used in the manufacture


of mechanical rubber goods are also similar to those of
tire cord. Timing belts, in particular, can be found today
in virtually all vehicles and machines. On its way from the
driven shaft to the driving shaft, the timing belt is
stretched, on its way back it is relaxed. The belt is subject to the same interplay between tension and compression as we have observed in tires. Multi-stage cord twists
made from nylon, polyester or aramid have proven their
worth in this type of application,
e.g. Aramid, 2520 dtex x 1
60 tpm S x 3 100 tpm S x 3 80 tpm Z

Fluids or gasses are transported in hoses. As this form of


transport takes place under high pressure, the hose
must be able to absorb the corresponding forces. Textile
yarns are used in these cases as reinforcement, e.g. Aramid, 1680 dtex x 1 95 tpm Z.
Why twist? to put it briefly, only the protection twist applied to manmade fibres guarantees trouble-free further
processing and as in tire cord and mechanical rubber
goods, the desired properties are only achieved by turns
of twists. For these applications there is no alternative to
twisting.

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