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Equipment in Hazardous Area

Zone classification divides hazardous areas into zones based on the likelihood of a flammable atmosphere. Zone 0 is continuously hazardous, Zone 1 is frequently hazardous, and Zone 2 is infrequently hazardous. Hazardous area equipment is also classified by group, with Group I for mining, Group II for other industries divided into subgroups by gas type, and Group III for combustible dusts. Protection techniques for hazardous areas work to eliminate one of the factors needed for combustion through methods like flameproof enclosures, intrinsic safety limitations, or pressurized rooms.

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121 views7 pages

Equipment in Hazardous Area

Zone classification divides hazardous areas into zones based on the likelihood of a flammable atmosphere. Zone 0 is continuously hazardous, Zone 1 is frequently hazardous, and Zone 2 is infrequently hazardous. Hazardous area equipment is also classified by group, with Group I for mining, Group II for other industries divided into subgroups by gas type, and Group III for combustible dusts. Protection techniques for hazardous areas work to eliminate one of the factors needed for combustion through methods like flameproof enclosures, intrinsic safety limitations, or pressurized rooms.

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jay shah
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HAZARDOUS AREA classification Zone

wise
Zone Classification
Definition
The classification of a Zone is a complex problem with the main factors to consider:

The probability of the presence of Gas or Vapour or Dust

The quantity and duration of hazardous environment

The amount of ventilation

The nature of Gas being lighter or heavier than Air

The division of the plants or parts into Zones is generally undertaken by the supervisory
authority in that industry with process engineers / chemists at the design and / or construction
stage.

Zone 0

Continuously Hazardous ( Protection Technique Allowed)


Ex ia Intrinsically Safe
Ex ma Encapsulation

Zone 1

Frequently Hazardous (Protection Technique Allowed)


Ex ib Intrinsic Safety
Ex d Flameproof
Ex e Increased Safety
Ex p Pressurized or Purged
Ex s Special Protection

Zone 2

Infrequently Hazardous (Protection Technique Allowed)


Ex n Non-sparking

Typical Example of Zone

HAZARDOUS AREA EQUIPMENT


Classification of Hazardous Areas
Definition

Explosive gas vapours atmospheres

Combustible Dust

Specific occupancies

Group Classification
Hazardous area equipment is specified in terms of the types of gases present or where dust
is present.

Group I Underground mining applications

Group II Industries other than mining

Group III Industries having dust or fibres

Group I :
Equipment has a representative gas of Methane and all equipment used in underground mining
applications fall into this category.
Group II:
As shown in the below table this Group II is segmented into three different representative gas
groups, IIA, IIB and IIC.
Group III:
Equipment is segmented concerning the thickness of the dust Practice A and B regarding
maximum surface temperatures relating to the ignition temperatures of the material. The Group
III dusts are segmented into three different representative dusts IIIA, IIIB and IIIC, with the
worst case being IIIC for conductive dusts.

Group Classification and Representative Gas Data Table


Group Classification
Representative Gas
I
Methane
IIA
Propane
IIB
Ethylene
IIC
Hydrogen, Acetylene

Equipment Protection Levels EPLs


The introduction of Equipment Protection Levels ( EPLs ) is provided to give further segregation
of products and protection techniques for hazardous areas. The EPLs consider assessment of the
risk involved with an installation and the suitable equipment protection techniques. These EPLs
are generally in line with Zones, however on risk assessment a higher EPL may be used to
provide higher protection. Where an EPL is specified on a hazardous document it takes
precedence over the Zone classification.

Group Classification and Zone Data Table


Group I
Group II
Zone 0 EPL Ma
Zone 0 EPL Ga
Zone 1 EPL Ma and Mb Zone 1 EPL Ga, Gb
Zone 2 EPL Ga, Gb and Gc

Group III
Zone 20 EPL Da
Zone 21 EPL Da, Db
Zone 22 EPL Da, Db and Dc

HAZARDOUS AREA EQUIPMENT


Zone Protection Techniques
Definition

The protection technique is a specific process with negates one of the three components of
combustion.
The Australian standards are based on the International Electrotechnical Commission IEC
standards and with the CENELEC standards beings similar and now being harmonised with IEC,
in respect of Zone classification, Gas groups temperature ratings and testing methods.
Types of Application and Protection Techniques Data Table

Zone

Protection

Techniques Data Table

HAZARDOUS AREAS AND HAZARDOUS AREA EQUIPMENT


Explosion Protection Techniques
Types of Protection Techniques Data Table
Method

Symb
Type of Protection
ol

Exclusion

Ex tD Dust-excluding ignition proof


Ex m Encapsulation
Ex n

Non-sparking (hermetically sealed devices, sealed devices


and restricted breathing)

Ex p

Pressurized enclosure/Rooms

Explosion
containment

Ex q

Sand-filled (powder filling)

Ex d

Flameproof enclosure

Energy Limitation Ex i

Intrinsic safety

Dilution

Ex v

Ventilation

Avoidance of
ignition

Ex e

Increased safety

Ex n

Non-sparking (inherently non-sparking)

Types of Application and Protection Techniques Data Table

Hazardous areas are defined by three main criteria:

The type of hazard

The likelihood of the hazard being present in flammable concentrations

The (auto) ignition temperature of the hazardous material

The type of hazard (Groups)


The hazard will be in the form of a gas, vapour, dust or fibre.

Gases and Vapours


Gases and vapours are categorized in terms of their ignition energy or the

maximum experimental safe gap (in respect of flameproof protection). This


categorization leads to the Gas Groups:

Mining

Surface Industry

Group I

Group II

Methane

IIA

IIB

IIC

Propane

Ethylene

Hydrogen

(The gases noted in the table are typical gases for each group.)
Group IIC is the most severe group. Hazards in this group can be ignited very
easily indeed.
Equipment marked as suitable for Group IIC is also suitable for IIB and IIA.
Equipment marked as suitable for IIB is also suitable for IIA but NOT for IIC.
If equipment is marked, for example, Ex e II T4 then it is suitable for all
subgroups IIA, IIB and IIC.

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