Algorithm

Flow Chart
Iterative

Non-Iterative
Formula/Value
Calculation

Pseudocode

Condition based Loop

Count based Loop

Formula/Value
Calculation

Totaling

Counting

Extreme Values

Description

Flow Chart Symbol

TempA0
TempB0
Weather

Variable Declaration & Initialization

Input
TempA

Input

Output
TempB

Output

Process

Pseudocode

TempB (TempA-32)/1.8

Yes

is
TempB<20
?

CountA
CountA+1

No

CountB
CountB+1

VB/VB.Net

[Variable Name] Initial Value

DIM [Variable Name] As Data Type = Initial Value

Example:
TempA0
TempB0
Weather

Example:
DIM TempA As Integer=0
DIM TempB As Integer =0
DIM Weather As String=

READ [Variable Name]

Example:
READ TempA,

[Variable Name]=Console.ReadLine()
Example:
TempA=Console.ReadLine()

PRINT [Variable Name],Message/Comment

Example:
PRINT TempB, BMI, Over weight

Console.WriteLine ((Variable Name] &

Message/Comment)
Example:
Console.WriteLine (TempB & BMI & Over weight)

TempB (TempA-32)/1.8

TempB=(TempA-32)/1.8

IF { conditional statement } THEN

{ statement 1 }
ELSE
{ statement 2 }
ENDIF

IF { conditional statement } THEN

{ statement 1 }
ELSE
{ statement 2 }
ENDIF

Example:
IF Temp<20 THEN
CountA CountA+1
ELSE
CountB CountB+1
ENDIF

Example:
If Temp<20 Then
CountA=CountA+1
Else
CountB= CountB+1
End If

IF { conditional statement } THEN { statement 1 }

If { conditional statement } Then { statement 1 }

Example:
IF TempB>Highest THEN Highest TempB

Example:
If TempB>Highest Then Highest = TempB

(Note: ENDIF is not needed if the whole

IF.THEN statement is written on a single line.)

(Note: End If is not needed if the whole IF.THEN

statement is written on a single line.)

Selection

Yes

Highest
TempB

is
TempB>
Highest
?

No

Yes

is
Weather=
Foggy
?

No

Foggy
Foggy+1

Yes

Selection

is
Weather=
Cloudy
?

No

Cloudy
Cloudy+1

Yes

Rainy
Rainy+1

is
Weather=
Rainy
?

Select [Variable Name]

Case expression list
Statements
Case Else
Else statement
End Select

No

Sunny
Sunny +1

IF Weather =Foggy THEN FoggyFoggy+1

IF Weather =Cloudy THEN CloudyCloudy+1
IF Weather =Rainy THEN
Rainy Rainy +1
Else
Sunny Sunny +1
ENDIF
CASE [Variable Name ] OF
expression : statement
expression : statement
expression : statement
OTHERWISE else statement
ENDCASE
Example:
CASE Weather OF
Foggy : FoggyFoggy+1
Cloudy: CloudyCloudy+1
Rainy : RainyRainy+1
OTHERWISE SunnySunny+1
ENDCASE

Example:
Module Module1
Sub Main()
DIM Weather as String
DIM Foggy as Integer=0
DIM Cloudy as Integer=0
DIM Rainy as Integer=0
DIM Sunny as Integer=0
Weather=Console.ReadLine()
Select Weather
Case "Foggy"
Foggy=Foggy+1
Case "Cloudy"
Cloudy=Cloudy+1
Case "Rainy"
Rainy=Rainy+1
Case Else
Sunny=Sunny+1
End Select
Console.WriteLine (Foggy)
Console.WriteLine (Cloudy)
Console.WriteLine (Rainy)
Console.WriteLine (Sunny)
End Sub
End Module
(You can try this code online at
http://ideone.com/EOBwlK,)

Counter could be
Count, X, etc.
Start

Count 0

Yes

Iteration (Count Based Loop)

Count=100
No

Output
"Hello World"

Count Count + 1

End

FOR Counter Start TO End

-------Things to do within
-------loop
---------------------NEXT
Things to do
-------outside the loop
--------------Example:
Print Hello World 100 times:
FOR Count=1 TO 100
PRINT Hello World
NEXT

Counter could be
Count, X, etc.
DIM Counter As Datatype
FOR Counter = Start TO End
-------Things to do within
-------loop
---------------------NEXT
Things to do outside
-------the loop
--------------Example:
Print Hello World 100 times:
Module Module1
Sub Main()
Dim Count As Integer
For Count= 1 To 100
Console.WriteLine("Hello World)
Next
End Sub
End Module

Start

Count 0
Input
Code

Iteration (Condition Based Loop)

Yes

Code=9999
No

Print
"Hello World"
Input
Code

End

READ [Variable Name]

WHILE [Variable Name <> condition
DO
-------Things to do within
-------loop
---------------------READ [Variable Name]
ENDWHILE
Things to do
-------outside the loop
--------------Example:
Print Hello World till code 9999 was entered:
READ Code
WHILE Code <> 9999
DO
PRINT Hello World
READ Code
ENDWHILE

While condition
[ statements ]
[ Continue While ]
[ statements ]
[ Exit While ]
[ statements ]
End While
Example:
Print Hello World till code 9999 was entered:
Module Module1
Sub Main()
Dim Code As Integer=0
Code=Console.ReadLine()
While Code<>9999
Console.WriteLine(Hello World)
Code=Console.ReadLine()
End While
End Sub
End Module

1) Start of
Flowchart

Start

Count0
CountA0
CountB0
TempA0
TempB0
Total0
Avg0
Highest0
Lowest1000

11) Always
Calculate
Average outside
loop.

Yes

2) Here we decide the variables to be

used and initialized them. All numerical
variable will be initialized with 0 except
for lowest that will be initialized with
1000.

3) Start of the loop. Set loop exit

condition i.e. Count=100 if you
have to input temperature over
100 days.

is
Count=100

4) Input
Command

No

AvgTotal/100
Input
TempA
Output
Avg,
CountA,
CountB
Highest,
Lowest

13) End of
Flowchart

5) Value
calculation if
required.

TempB (TempA-32)/1.8

6) Output
result only if
point 5 exists.

Output
TempB

End

7) Add the input value or

result of value calculated if
average has been asked to
calculate

Total Total +TempB

12) Always Print

Average,
Counting
Variables, and
Extreme Values
outside the loop.
Question: Write an algorithm in the
form of a flowchart which takes
temperatures input in Fahrenheit
over a 100 day period (once per
day). Convert the temperature in
Celsius with the help of following
formula:
Temp (in Celsius)=(Temp (in
Fahrenheit) - 32)/1.8
and output temperature in Celsius,
also print:
(b) number of days when the
temperature was below 20C
and the number of days when
the temperature was 20C and
above.
(c) average temperature of 100
days.
(d) the highest and lowest
temperature recorded in these
100days.

Yes

is
TempB<20
?

CountA
CountA+1

Yes

No

CountB
CountB+1

is
TempB>Hi
ghest
?

No

Highest
TempB

Yes

8) Set the counting condition

if tally is required and
increment the respective
counting variable with 1.

is
TempB<Lo
west
?

9) If extreme values such as

Highest/Lowest,
Tallest/Shortest,
Maximum/Minimum is
required.

No

Lowest
TempB

Count Count+1

10) Increment the loop

counter by 1 for the next
iteration and go back to loop
exit condition.

Initialization
Start

([Variable]Initial Value)
For Count Starting Value to End Value

Initialization Box

Input [Variable]
Value Calculation (if required)

Loop exit
Condition Check

Yes

Output Calculated Value ([Variable])

No

Totaling (if average is required)

Input Value

(TotalTotal+[Variable])

Value Calculation

Counting based on condition (if sub-set

data to find)

Output Result

(IF { conditional statement } THEN

CountACountA+1)

Totaling
(Add Input value or result to
Total Variable)

Yes

Increment the
counter by 1

Yes

Extreme values (if highest/lowest to

Counting
No
Condition Check

find)

Increment the
counter by 1

Extreme Value Check

No

(IF [Variable]>Highest THEN

Highest [Variable])
(IF [Variable]<Lowest THEN
Lowest [Variable])
Next

Swap the values

Increment the counter

and return to loop exit
condition

Calculate Average
(AvgTotal/Loop End Value)
Calculate Percentage

Calculate Average

(Per(CountA/Loop End Value)*100

Output Average, Counting Variables, Extreme

Output Average,
Counting, Extreme Values

End

Values

Start

Question:
Write an algorithm in the form of a
flowchart which takes temperatures
input in Fahrenheit over a 100 day
period (once per day). Convert the
temperature in Celsius with the help of
following formula:
Temp (in Celsius)=(Temp (in
Fahrenheit) - 32)/1.8
and output temperature in Celsius,
also print:
(b) number of days when the
temperature was below 20C and
the number of days when the
temperature was 20C and above.
(c) average temperature of 100 days.
(d) the highest and lowest
temperature recorded in these
100days.
Variables to be
used
Count
TempA
TempB
CountA
CountB
Total
Avg
Highest
Lowest

to Store/Count
No of iteration
Temp in Fahrenheit
Temp in Celsius
Number of days
temp was below 20
Number of days
temperature was 20
and above
Running sum of 100
days temperature
Average
temperature of
100days
Highest temperature
in 100 days
Lowest temperature
in 100 days

Count0
CountA0
CountB0
Total0
Avg0
Highest0
Lowest1000

Count0
CountA0
CountB0
TempA0

Yes

Count=100

TempB0

No

Total0

Input
TempA

Avg0

TempB (TempA 32) / 1.8

Highest0
Lowest1000

Output
TempB

FOR Count 1 TO 100

READ TempA

Total Total + TempB

Yes

TempB<20

CountA CountA + 1

Yes

TempB (TempA-32)/1.8

No

PRINT TempB
TotalTotal+TempB

CountB CountB + 1

TempB>Highest

IF TempB < 20 THEN

CountACountA+1

No

ELSE
CountBCountB+1

HighestTempB

ENDIF
Yes

TempB<Lowest

No

IF TempB>Highest THEN HighestTempB

IF TempB<Lowest THEN LowestTempB

Lowest TempB

NEXT
AvgTotal/100

Count Count + 1

Avg Total/100

Output
Avg, CountA, CountB,
Highest, Lowest

End

PRINT Avg, CountA, CountB, Highest, Lowest

Module Module1
Sub Main()
Dim Count As Integer=0
Dim CountA As Integer=0
Dim CountB As Integer=0
Dim TempA As Integer=0
Dim TempB As Integer=0
Dim Total As Integer=0
Dim Avg As Integer=0
Dim Highest As Integer=0
Dim Lowest As Integer=1000
For Count= 1 To 100
TempA=Console.ReadLine()
TempB=(TempA-32)/1.8
Console.WriteLine (TempB)
Total=Total+TempB
If TempB < 20 Then
CountA=Count+1
Else
CountB=CountB+1
End If
If TempB>Highest Then Highest=TempB
If TempB<Lowest Then Lowest=TempB
Next
Avg=Total/100
Console.WriteLine(Avg & CountA & CountB &
Highest & Lowest)
End Sub
End Module

(You may try this code online at

http://ideone.com/6su9L2 ,simply fork it and then

Run)

Start

Write an algorithm, using

pseudocode or a flowchart, which
inputs 50 positive numbers
outputs how many of the
numbers were > 100
Outputs the value of the
largest (highest) number
input

Num0
Count0
CountA0
Largest00

Yes

Module Module1
Sub Main()
DIM Num As Integer=0

Count=50
No

Num0

Input
Num
Yes

Num>100

Count0
No

CountA0
Largest0
FOR Count1 TO 50

DIM Count As Integer=0

DIM CountA As Integer=0
DIM Largest As Integer=0
For Count= 1 To 50
Num=Console.ReadLine()

READ Num

CountA CountA + 1

If Num>100 Then CountA=CountA+1

IF Num>100 THEN CountACountA+1

Yes

Num>Largest

IF Num>Largest THEN LargestNum

No

NEXT
PRINT CountA, Largest
Largest Num

Count Count + 1

Print CountA , Largest

End

If Num>Largest Then Largest=Num

Next
Console.WriteLine (CountA & Largest)
End Sub
End Module

1) Start of
Flowchart

Start

Count0
CountA0
CountB0
TempA0
TempB0
Total0
Avg0
Highest0
Lowest1000
Day

2) Here we decide the variables to be

used and initialized them. All numerical
variable will be initialized with 0 except
for lowest that will be initialized with
1000.
3) Input
Command

Input
Day,
TempA

12) Always
Calculate
Average outside
loop.

Yes

4) Start of the loop. Use input

variable to set loop exit condition
i.e. Day=Friday or Num=-1 etc.

Day=
Friday

5) Value
calculation if
required.

No

AvgTotal/Count

TempB (TempA-32)/1.8

Output
Avg,
CountA,
CountB
Highest,
Lowest

6) Output
result only if
point 5 exists.

Output
TempB

7) Add the input value or

result of value calculated if
average has been asked to
calculate

Total Total +TempB

14) End of
Flowchart

End

8) Nothing to do with loop

but required for computing
Average.

Count Count+1

13) Always Print

Average,
Counting
Variables, and
Extreme Values
outside the loop.

Yes

is
TempB<20
?

CountA
CountA+1

Question: Write an algorithm in the

form of a flowchart which takes
temperatures input in Fahrenheit
on certain days (stop by Friday).
Convert the temperature in Celsius
with the help of following formula:
Temp (in Celsius)=(Temp (in
Fahrenheit) - 32)/1.8
and output temperature in Celsius,
also print:
(b) number of days when the
temperature was below 20C
and the number of days when
the temperature was 20C and
above.
(c) average temperature of 100
days.
(d) the highest and lowest
temperature recorded in these
100days.

Yes

No

9) Set the counting condition

if tally is required and
increment the respective
counting variable with 1.

CountB
CountB+1

is
TempB>Hi
ghest
?

No

Highest
TempB

Yes

is
TempB<Lo
west
?

No

10) If extreme values such as

Highest/Lowest,
Tallest/Shortest,
Maximum/Minimum is
required.

Lowest
TempB

Input
Day,
TempA

11) Input command for next

iteration before returning to
loop,

Initialization
[Variable]Initial Value)

Start

Input [Variable]

Initialization Box

While [Variable]<> Exit condition

Value Calculation (if required)

Input Value

Output Calculated Value ([Variable])

Totaling (if average is required)

Loop exit
Condition Check

Yes

(TotalTotal+[Variable])

No

Counting based on condition (if sub-set

Value Calculation

data to find)
Output
Result

Calculate Average
(Avg Total/Count)

(IF { conditional statement } THEN

Totaling
(Add Input value or result to

Output
Avg, CountA, CountB,
Highest, Lowest

Total Variable)

Count Count + 1
(to calculate average)

End

CountACountA+1)
Extreme values (if highest/lowest to
find)
(IF [Variable]>Highest THEN

Yes Counting Condition No

Check

Highest [Variable])
(IF [Variable]<Lowest THEN

Increment the
counter variable by 1

Increment the
counter variable by 1

Lowest [Variable])
Input [Variable]

Yes

Extreme Value
Check

No

Endwhile
Calculate Average
(AvgTotal/Loop End Value)

Swap the values

Calculate Percentage
Yes

Extreme Value
Check

No

(Per(CountA/Loop End Value)*100

Output Average, Counting Variables, Extreme

Swap the values

Values

Input Value

Start

Question: Write an algorithm in the

form of a flowchart which takes
temperatures input in Fahrenheit on
certain days (stop by Friday). Convert
the temperature in Celsius with the
help of following formula:
Temp (in Celsius)=(Temp (in
Fahrenheit) - 32)/1.8
and output temperature in Celsius,
also print:
(b) number of days when the
temperature was below 20C and
the number of days when the
temperature was 20C and above.
(c) average temperature of 100 days.
(d) the highest and lowest
temperature recorded in these
100days.
Variables to be
used
Count
Day
TempA
TempB
CountA
CountB
Total
Avg
Highest
Lowest

to Store/Count
No of days
Day of week
Temp in Fahrenheit
Temp in Celsius
Number of days
temp was below 20
Number of days
temperature was 20
and above
Running sum of 100
days temperature
Average
temperature of
100days
Highest temperature
in 100 days
Lowest temperature
in 100 days

Count0
CountA0
CountB0
Total0
Avg0
Highest0
Lowest1000
Day

Input
TempA, Day
Yes

Day="Friday"
No

TempB (TempA 32) / 1.8

Output
TempB

Avg Total/100

Output

Total Total +TempB

Avg, CountA, CountB,

Highest, Lowest

Count Count + 1

End
Yes

TempB<20

CountACountA + 1

Yes

No

CountBCountB + 1

TempB>Highest

No

Highest TempB

Yes

TempB<Lowest

No

Count0
CountA0
CountB0
TempA0
TempB0
Total0
Avg0
Highest0
Lowest1000
Day
READ TempA, Day
WHILE DAY<>Friday
Do
TempB (TempA-32)/1.8
PRINT TempB
TotalTotal+TempB
CountCount+1
IF TempA < 20
THEN
CountACount+1
ELSE
CountBCountB+1
ENDIF
IF TempB>Highest THEN HighestTempB
IF TempB<Lowest THEN LowestTempB
READ TempA, Day
ENDWHILE
AvgTotal/Count
PRINT Avg, CountA, CountB, Highest, Lowest

Module Module1
Sub Main()
Dim Count As Integer=0
Dim CountA As Integer=0
Dim CountB As Integer=0
Dim TempA As Integer=0
Dim TempB As Integer=0
Dim Total As Integer=0
Dim Avg As Integer=0
Dim Highest As Integer=0
Dim Lowest As Integer=1000
Dim Day As String=
Day=Console.ReadLine()
TempA=Console.ReadLine()
While Day <> Friday
TempB=(TempA-32)/1.8
Console.WriteLine (TempB)
Total=Total+TempB
Count=Count+1
If TempB < 20 Then
CountA=Count+1
Else
CountB=CountB+1
End If
If TempB>Highest Then Highest=TempB
If TempB<Lowest Then Lowest=TempB
Day=Console.ReadLine()
TempA=Console.ReadLine()
End While
Avg=Total/Count
Console.WriteLine(Avg & CountA & CountB &
Highest & Lowest)
End Sub
End Module

LowestTempB

Input
Day, TempA"

(You may try this code online at

http://ideone.com/MjUhYu , simply fork it and then
Run)

Write an algorithm, using

pseudocode or a flowchart, which
inputs a set of positive
numbers (which end with -1)
outputs how many of the
numbers were > 100
outputs the value of the
largest (highest) number
input

Start
Num0
CountA0
Largest0

Input
Num

Num0
CountA0

Yes

Num= - 1

Largest00

No
Yes

Num>100

READ Num
No

WHILE Num<> -1

Module Module1
Sub Main()
DIM Num As Integer=0
DIM CountA As Integer=0
DIM Largest As Integer=0
Num=Console.ReadLine()
While Num<>-1

Do

If Num>100 Then CountA=CountA+1

IF Num>100 THEN CountACountA+1

If Num>Largest Then Largest=Num

IF Num>Largest THEN LargestNum

CountA CountA + 1

Num=Console.ReadLine()

READ Num
Yes

Num>Largest

No

ENDWHILE
PRINT CountA, Largest

End While
Console.WriteLine (CountA & Largest)
End Sub
End Module

Largest Num

Input
Num

Print CountA , Largest

End

Write an algorithm, using

pseudocode or a flowchart, which
inputs a set of positive
numbers (which end with -1)
outputs the average
(mean) value of the input
numbers
outputs the value of the
largest (highest) number
input

Start

Num0
Total0
Count0
Largest00
Avg0

Num0
Count0

Input
Num

Total0
Avg0

Yes

Num= - 1

Largest0

No

READ Num
WHILE Num<> -1

TotalTotal + Num

Module Module1
Sub Main()
DIM Num As Integer=0
DIM Count As Integer=0
DIM Total As Integer=0
DIM Largest As Integer=0
Num=Console.ReadLine()
While Num<>-1
Total=Total+Num

Do

Count=Count+1

TotalTotal+Num

CountCount + 1

If Num>Largest Then Largest=Num

CountCount+1
Yes

Num>Largest

No

READ Num
ENDWHILE
Largest Num

AvgTotal/Count
PRINT Avg, Largest
Input
Num

Avg Total / Count

Print Avg , Largest

End

Num=Console.ReadLine()

IF Num>Largest THEN LargestNum

End While
Avg=Total/Count
Console.WriteLine (Avg & Largest)
End Sub
End Module

Practice Questions:
(1) Daniel lives in Italy and travels to Mexico, India and New Zealand. The times differences are:
Country
Hours Minutes
Mexico
-7
0
India
+4
+30
New Zealand
+11
0
Thus, if it is 10:15 in Italy it will be 14:45 in India.
(a) Write an algorithm, using pseudocode or otherwise, which:
Inputs the name of the country
Inputs the time in Italy in hours (H) and minutes (M)
Calculates the time in the country input using the data from the table
Outputs the country and the time in hours and minutes

(2) As part of an experiment, a school measured the heights (in metres) of all its 500 students.
Write an algorithm, using pseudocode, which inputs the heights of all 500 students and outputs the height of the tallest person and the shortest person in the school.
(3) A geography class decide to measure daily temperatures and hours of sunshine per day over a 12 month period (365 days)
Write an algorithm, using pseudocode, which inputs the temperatures and hours of sunshine for all 365 days, and finally outputs the average (mean) temperature for the year
and the average (mean) number of hours per day over the year.
(4) A small shop sells 280 different items. Each item is identified by a 3 digit code. All items that start with a zero (0) are cards, all items that start with a one (1) are sweets, all
items that start with a two (2) are stationery and all items that start with a three (3) are toys.
Write an algorithm, using pseudocode, which inputs the 3 digit code for all 280 items and outputs the number of cards, sweets, stationery and toys.
(5) A company are carrying out a survey by observing traffic at a road junction. Each time a car, bus, lorry or other vehicle passed by the road junction it was noted down.
10 000 vehicles were counted during the survey.
Write an algorithm, using pseudocode, which:
inputs all 10000 responses
outputs the number of cars, buses and lorries that passed by the junction during the survey
outputs the number of vehicles that werent cars, buses or lorries during the survey
(6) Speed cameras read the time a vehicle passes a point (A) on the road and then reads the time it passes a second point (B) on the same road (points A and B are 100
metres apart). The speed of the vehicle is calculated using:
The maximum allowed speed is 100 kilometres per hour. 500 vehicles were monitored using these cameras over a 1 hour period.
Write an algorithm, using pseudocode, which:
inputs the start time and end time for the 500 vehicles that were monitored
calculate the speed for each vehicle using the formula above
outputs the speed for each vehicle and also a message if the speed exceeded 100 km/hour
output the highest speed of all the 500 vehicles monitored

Past Papers Questions:

May/June 2006
16 (a) A formula for calculating the body mass index (BMI) is:

Calculate the BMI for a person whose weight is 80kg and height is 2 metres.

[1]

(b) Using pseudocode or otherwise, write an algorithm that will input the ID, weight (kg) and height (m) of 30 students, calculate their body mass index (BMI) and
output their ID, BMI and a comment as follows:
A BMI greater than 25 will get the comment OVER WEIGHT, a BMI between 25 and 19 (inclusive) will get NORMAL and a BMI less than 19 will get UNDER
WEIGHT.
[6]
20 Temperatures (C) are being collected in an experiment every hour over a 200 hour period. Write an algorithm, using pseudocode or otherwise, which inputs
each temperature and outputs
how many of the temperatures were above 20C
how many of the temperatures were below 10C
the lowest temperature that was input
[5]

May/June 2007
19 A company has 5000 CDs, DVDs, videos and books in stock. Each item has a unique 5-digit code with the first digit identifying the type of item, i.e.
1 = CD
2 = DVD
3 = video
4 = book
For example, for the code 15642 the 1 identifies that it is a CD, and for the code 30055 the 3 identifies that it is a video.
Write an algorithm, using pseudocode or otherwise, that
Inputs the codes for all 5000 items
Validates the input code
Calculates how many CDs, DVDs, videos and books are in stock
Outputs the four totals.

[5]

Oct/Nov 2007
16 (a) Fuel economy for a car is found using the formula:

What would be the Fuel Economy of a car travelling 40 km on 10 litres of fuel?

[1]

(b) The Fuel Economy for 1000 cars is to be calculated using the formula in Question 16(a).
Write an algorithm, using pseudocode or otherwise, which inputs the Distance Travelled (km) and the Fuel Used (litres) for 1000 cars. The Fuel Economy for each
car is then calculated and the following outputs produced:
Fuel Economy for each car
average (mean) Fuel Economy for all of the cars input
the best Fuel Economy (i.e. highest value)
the worst Fuel Economy (i.e. lowest value)
[6]

May/June 2008
19 Customers can withdraw cash from an Automatic Teller Machine (ATM).
withdrawal is refused if amount entered > current balance
withdrawal is refused if amount entered > daily limit
if current balance < $100, then a charge of 2% is made
if current balance $100, no charge is made
Write an algorithm which inputs a request for a sum of money, decides if a withdrawal can be made and calculates any charges. Appropriate output messages
should be included.
[5]

Oct/Nov 2008
19 The manufacturing cost of producing an item depends on its complexity. A company manufactures three different types of item, with costs based on the
following calculations:
Item type 1: item cost = parts cost * 1.5
Item type 2: item cost = parts cost * 2.5
Item type 3: item cost = parts cost * 5.0
The company makes 1000 items per day.
Write an algorithm, using pseudocode, flowchart or otherwise, which

 inputs the item type and parts cost of each item

outputs the item cost for each item
calculates and outputs the average (mean) item cost per day (based on 1000 items being made).
[5]

May/June 2009
18 A small airport handles 400 flights per day from three airlines:
FASTAIR (code FA)
SWIFTJET (code SJ)
KNIGHTAIR (code KA)
Each flight is identified by the airline code and 3 digits. For example FA 156.
Write an algorithm, using pseudocode or otherwise, which monitors the 400 flights into and out of the airport each day. The following inputs, processing and
outputs are all part of the monitoring process:
input flight identification
calculate number of flights per day for each of the three airlines
output the percentage of the total flights per day by each airline
any validation checks must be included
[5]

Oct/Nov 2009. P11

17 (a) A cars speed is measured between points A and B, which are 200 km apart.

The final speed of the car is calculated using the formula:

What is the final speed of a car if it takes 2 hours to get from A to B?

[1]

(b) Write an algorithm, using pseudocode or otherwise, which inputs the times for 500 cars, calculates the final speed of each car using the formula in part (a),
and then outputs:
the final speed for ALL 500 cars
the slowest (lowest) final speed
the fastest (highest) final speed
the average final speed for all the cars.
[6]

May/June 2010. P11

18 A group of students were monitoring the temperature every day over a one-year period.
Readings were taken ten times every day (you may assume a year contains 365 days).
Write an algorithm, using pseudocode or flowchart, which
inputs all the temperatures (ten per day)
outputs the highest temperature taken over the year
outputs the lowest temperature taken over the year
outputs the average temperature per day
outputs the average temperature for the whole year

[7]

May/June 2010. P12

16 (a) Write an algorithm, using pseudocode or a flowchart, which:
inputs 50 numbers
outputs how many of the numbers were > 100

[3]

(b) Write an algorithm, using pseudocode or a flowchart, which:

inputs 100 numbers
finds the average of the input numbers
outputs the average

[3]

Oct/Nov 2010. P12

17 A school is doing a check on the heights and weights of all its students. The school has 1000 students.
Write an algorithm, using pseudocode or a flowchart, which
inputs the height and weight of all 1000 students
outputs the average (mean) height and weight
includes any necessary error traps for the input of height and weight [5]

Oct/Nov 2010. P13

17 (a) Write an algorithm, using pseudocode or a flowchart, which
inputs a set of positive numbers (which end with -1)
outputs the average (mean) value of the input numbers
outputs the value of the largest (highest) number input

[4]

(b) Write an algorithm, using pseudocode or a flowchart, which

inputs a whole number (which is > 0)
calculates the number of digits in the number
outputs the number of digits and the original number
(E.g. 147 would give an output of 3, 147)

[4]

May/June 2011. P11

17 Daniel lives in Italy and travels to Mexico, India and New Zealand. The times differences are:
Country
Hours Minutes
Mexico
-7
0
India
+4
+30
New Zealand
+11
0
Thus, if it is 10:15 in Italy it will be 14:45 in India.
(a) Write an algorithm, using pseudocode or otherwise, which:
Inputs the name of the country
Inputs the time in Italy in hours (H) and minutes (M)
Calculates the time in the country input using the data from the table
Outputs the country and the time in hours and minutes

[4]

(b) Describe, with examples, two sets of test data you would use to test your algorithm.

[2]

May/June 2011. P12

17 A school has 1800 students. The start date and leaving date for each student is stored on file. Dates are in the format YYMMDD (e.g. a student starting on 10th
September 2007 and leaving on 4th August 2012 has the data 070910 and 120804 on file).
(a) Write an algorithm, using pseudocode or otherwise, which
inputs Student ID for all 1800 students
inputs the start date and leaving date for each student
carries out a check to ensure the second date is later
if error, increments error counter
outputs the number of errors
[5]
(b) Describe, with examples, TWO sets of test data you would use to test your algorithm.

[2]

Oct/Nov 2011. P11

17 (a) Write an algorithm, using pseudocode or flowchart only, which:
inputs three numbers
outputs the largest of the three numbers
(b) Write an algorithm, using pseudocode or flowchart only, which:
inputs 1000 numbers
outputs how many of these numbers were whole numbers (integers)
(You may use INT(X) in your answer e.g. Y = INT(3.8) gives the value Y = 3)

Oct/Nov 2011. P13

16 The weather conditions in a town are being monitored over a year (365 days). The values recorded per day are weather type and temperature (e.g. CLOUDY,
25).
Write an algorithm, using pseudocode or flowchart only, which:
inputs the weather type and temperature for each day
outputs the number of days that were CLOUDY, RAINING, SUNNY or FOGGY
outputs the highest recorded temperature for the year
outputs the lowest recorded temperature for the year

May/June 2012. P11

17 Write an algorithm, using pseudocode or a program flowchart only, which:
inputs the population and land area for 500 countries,
calculates the population density (i.e. population/land area) for every country,
outputs the largest and smallest population density,
outputs the average population for all 500 countries.

[6]

May/June 2012. P12

15 An estate agent advertises houses for sale. The customer enquiries for a 7-day working week are entered weekly into a computer.
Write an algorithm, using pseudocode or a program flowchart only, which:
inputs the number of customer enquiries each day,
inputs the house price each customer enquires about,
outputs how many customers enquired each day about houses costing less than $100 000,
outputs the percentage of all enquiries made during the week about houses costing more than $500 000.

[6]

Oct/Nov 2012. P12

17 (a) Write an algorithm, using pseudocode or a program flowchart only, that:
inputs a series of positive numbers (-1 is used to terminate the input),
outputs how many numbers were less than 1000 and
outputs how many numbers were greater than 1000.

[4]

(b) Write an algorithm, using pseudocode or a program flowchart only, that

inputs fifty numbers each as 4 separate digits, for example: 1 5 4 1
outputs the percentage of numbers that were palindromes.
(note: a palindrome reads the same way backwards or forwards. For example, 1331 is a palindrome but 1541 is not).
Use separate variables to store the separate digits of a number (for example D1, D2,
D3, D4).

[4]

Oct/Nov 2012. P13

16 A small caf sells five types of item:
bun 0.50 dollars
coffee 1.20 dollars
cake 1.50 dollars
sandwich 2.10 dollars
dessert 4.00 dollars
Write an algorithm, using pseudocode or a program flowchart only, which
inputs every item sold during the day,
uses an item called end to finish the days input,
adds up the daily amount taken for each type of item,
outputs the total takings (for all items added together) at the end of the day,
outputs the type of item that had the highest takings at the end of the day.

[4]

May/June 2013. P11

2 Name two different types of loop structure in a typical programming language.
Give an example of how ten numbers could be input using the named loop.
16 A small shop uses barcodes which represent 5 digits. The last digit is used as a check digit.
For example:

[6]

abcde
01234
The check digit (e) is found by:
multiplying the first and third digits (i.e. a and c) by 3
multiplying the second and fourth digits (i.e. b and d) by 2
adding these four results together to give a total
dividing this total by 10
remainder is check digit (e)
Write an algorithm, using pseudocode or flowchart only, which
inputs 100 five-digit barcodes in the form a, b, c, d, e
re-calculates the check digit for each number and checks whether the input check digit (e) is correct
outputs the number of barcodes which were entered correctly

[5]

May/June 2013. P12

17 A country has four mobile phone network operators. Each mobile phone number has eight digits. The first three digits identify the network operator:
444 Yodafone
555 N2 network
666 Kofee mobile
777 Satsuma mobile
Write an algorithm, using pseudocode or flowchart only, which reads 50 000 eight-digit mobile phone calls made during the day and outputs the number of calls
made on each of the four networks.
[6]
Oct/Nov 2013. P12
16 (a) A greenhouse is being monitored by a computer using 2 sensors. SENSOR1 measures the temperature and SENSOR2 measures oxygen levels.
If the temperature exceeds 45C or oxygen levels fall below 0.19, then an error message is output by the computer.
Write an algorithm, using pseudocode or flowchart only, which
inputs both sensor readings
checks the sensor input values and outputs a warning message if either are out of
range
continues monitoring until the <ESCAPE> key is pressed
(You may assume that READ SENSORn will take a reading from SENSORn and that
READ KEY inputs a key press from the keyboard).

[5]

Oct/Nov 2013. P13

15 5000 numbers are being input which should have either 1 digit (e.g. 5), 2 digits (e.g. 36), 3 digits (e.g. 149) or 4 digits (e.g. 8567).
Write an algorithm, using pseudocode or flowchart only, which
inputs 5000 numbers
outputs how many numbers had 1 digit, 2 digits, 3 digits and 4 digits
outputs the % of numbers input which were outside the range

[6]

May/June 2014. P11

15 A survey is being carried out which involves reading and recording sound levels near a busy road junction. Once all the data are collected, they are input
manually into a computer. A sound level of 0 decibels (0 dB) is input to indicate the end of the data.
Write an algorithm, using pseudocode or a flowchart, which:
inputs all the sound levels
after a sound level of 0 is input, outputs the following:
o average sound level
o highest recorded sound level.

May/June 2014 P12

18 A school has 1500 students. It is conducting a survey on their music preferences. Each student uses a computer and inputs their name and then chooses one
of 5 options:
rock (input value 1)
soul (input value 2)
pop (input value 3)
jazz (input value 4)
classical (input value 5)
Write an algorithm, using pseudocode or a flowchart, which:
inputs the choice of all 1500 students (values 1 to 5)
outputs all the names of the students who chose classical music
outputs the percentage who chose each option.