Change Management All Files
Change Management All Files
Function
Date: 3 November 2015
Contents
Process Maps
Change Management Function Page
Change Management Process Map
Activity Guides
None
Templates
Change Request Form (CRF) Template
Change Request Register (CRR) Template
References
Change Management Policy
Change Management Guidelines
Change Management Procedure
Responsibility Assignment Matrix (RACI)
Change Management
Processes
References
Templates
Change
Management
Change
Management
Procedure
Change Request
Form (CRF)
Template
Projects
Department
Governance
Document
Controls
Change
Management
Policy
Change Request
Register (CRR)
Template
Cost
Management
Reporting
Scheduling
Risk
Management
Change
Management
Guidelines
Links
Responsibility
Assignment
Matrix (RACI)
Process Owner:
Alternative Contact:
Omar Tobbal
Project Manager
[email protected]
Name of Alternative Contact
Job Title of Alternative Contact
email of Alternative Contact
LEGEND:
CRF = Change Request Form
CRR = Change Request Register
RACI = Responsible, Accountable, Consulted, Informed
Change Management
Consultant
MODON
Change Request
Description of
Request, IIncluding
Justification for
Change
START
PTM1 Details
Potential Change2
to Project
(CRF Template)
CRR
Originator
Forwards CRF to
CM, PgM or PM,
as appropriate
PM Logs CRF
on CRR
PM Collates Info.
from PTMs and
Records Overall
Impact on CRF
Change Request
Total Cost Impact
Total Sche Impact
Other Impacts
Accept/Reject
CRR
RM Assesses
Potential Change
PTMs Record
Impact to Their
Element of Work
(Attachts to CRF)
Note 1:
Mgt. = Management
Note 2:
PgM = Program Manager
PM = Project Manager
PTM = Project Team Member
Note 3:
RM = Regional Manager
Sche = Schedule
PM Sends CRF to
Project Team to
Confirm Info. on
Impact of Change
Change
Request to be
Progressed?
No
Yes
CRR
PM Forwards CRF
to RM for
Review by
Change Board
LEGEND:
Attachts = Attachments
CM = Construction Manager
CRF = Change Request Form
CRR = Change Request Register
DG = Director General
Info. = Information
PM Logs
Change Request
Decision on CRR
Project Director
Chairs
Change Board
Meeting
END
SEE:
Change Mgt. (Part 2)
Change Management
Change Management Process (Part 2)
SEE:
Change Mgt. (Part 1)
Approval Package
Internal Memo.
with Signed CRF1
Justification Report
START
Board
Approves
Change?
Letter of Award
Letter of Award
Yes
Administrator
Prepares
Approval Package
No
Project Director
Reviews Package
Approved?
Yes
DG
Reviews Package
No
CRR
Note 1:
Note 2:
Note 3:
Administrator
Distributes
Approval
Confirmation2
No
Administrator
Sends Rejection
Notification
Administrator
Updates CRR
LEGEND:
Board = Change Board
CRF = Change Request Form
CRR = Change Request Register
DG = Director General
Memo. = Memorandum
Mgt. = Management
PM = Project Manager
Approved?
Yes
END
Project Name:
Contractor/Consultant:
Project Manager:
Contract Value:
Planned/Actual %:
P:
% / A:
SAR
Start Date:
Planned Completion
Forecast Completion
Date:
Date:
Organization:
Issue Date:
Description: (Reference Specification, Drawing No., etc. Attach any additional documentation required
to support reason for change)
(Why is this change necessary or desirable from the Owners perspective? Include the compelling reasons
for MODON to accept the change as well as the consequences if the change is rejected. Address project
life cycle, cost to maintain, repair/replacement cycles, acquisition costs, availability, etc.)
3. Cost Impact:
4. Schedule Impact:
Page: 1 of 2
No
Justification
No
Justification
No
Remarks
8. MODON Verification/Validation:
Project Manager:
Yes
No
Justification
Regional/Group Manager:
Yes
No
Justification
Section Head:
Yes
No
Justification
Name
Signature
Date
Page: 2 of 2
CSI 16
PV No.
Originator
DIV NO
Rcvd by
CM
Description
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
17Aug15
ORG1-06-002-MOD-TS0-0-PRM-TEM-1282-00
8/17/2015
Dates
Rcvd by
PM
Rcvd by
MODON
Approve,
Reject,
Return
Date
(dd/mmm/yy)
Var No.
17Aug15
ChangeRequestRegisterTemplate.xlsx
Change Request Register
1 of 1
Policy
Please note:
UNCONTROLLED VERSION WHEN PRINTED OR SAVED LOCALLY.
Refer to the Controlled Document in the MODON Platform for the latest version.
Approval Sheet
Document Owner: <Insert Name Insert Job Title>
Signature:
Date:
NO YES
If YES, please follow the Change Management Procedure (ORG1-06-002-MOD-TS00-PRM-PRO-1117-00) before this document is routed for signatures.
Revision History
Revision
Date
Additions/Modifications
<First Issue>.
<Name of Preparer>
I have prepared this document in
accordance with MODON
requirements and Brand
Guidelines.
Reviewed
by:
<Name of Reviewer>
<Job Title of Reviewer>
I have reviewed this document for
its accuracy and technical content,
and to meet MODON
requirements.
Checked
by:
<Name of Checker>
<Job Title of Checker>
I have checked this document for
its layout and format, and to meet
MODON requirements.
Approved
by:
<Name of Approver>
I have approved this document
for implementation.
Signature
Date
ANSI
CII
CMAA
CRF
CRR
MODON
PMI
PMO
Page: 3 of 8
Page: 4 of 8
Contents
Approval Sheet ...................................................................................................................... 2
Acronyms and Abbreviations .................................................................................................3
Terms and Definitions ............................................................................................................4
1
Policy .......................................................................................................................... 6
Applicability ...............................................................................................................7
5
6
7
Purpose ...................................................................................................................... 6
Responsibility .............................................................................................................7
Approach ....................................................................................................................7
References ..................................................................................................................8
Page: 5 of 8
Policy
It is the policy of MODON to require strict change control on all projects and programs to ensure
that all changes are identified, evaluated, negotiated, approved, and issued under controlled
conditions using consistent methodology.
Formal Change Management is required for all changes affecting any of the following:
Scope
Schedule
Cost
Change identification
Change definition
Change justification
Impact analysis
All change is measured against the contract baselines of scope, schedule, and cost. The only
changes that MODON will entertain as compensable are those changes that are deemed to be
outside the control of the Contractor.
Scope change includes changes to project conditions, configuration, layout, quality, quantity,
and specification. Changes to any of these elements require a change request to be made a part
of the works. Schedule change includes any imposed or required change to the contractors
delivery schedule (baseline) as a result of scope changes, interference, owner direction, or
adverse weather. Cost change is any change affecting unit prices, overheads, or the total value
of the contract.
The concepts and approach used by MODON for change management are consistent with
leading industry practices including the Project Management Institute (PMI), Construction
Industry Institute (CII), Construction Management Association of America (CMAA), Association
for the Advancement of Cost Engineering International (AACEI), and American National
Standards Institute (ANSI).
Purpose
The purpose of this Policy is to establish a consistent, comprehensive, integrated, and global
change management program for all MODON projects.
Page: 6 of 8
Applicability
This Policy applies to all MODON contractors and consultants (contractors) of every nature and
is applicable to all projects directly funded by MODON or over which MODON exercises
management control.
Responsibility
MODON Project Controls is responsible for developing, implementing and maintaining change
management policies, procedures, tools, and best practices for use by contractors on their
projects and programs.
MODON Management is responsible for department wide implementation of this policy.
It is the responsibility of each contractor to MODON to ensure that its staff is aware of this Policy
and to fully comply with its requirements.
Questions and comments regarding this Policy should be directed to MODON Project Controls
for resolution.
Approach
Each contractor to MODON will implement a strict change management policy, reflecting the
MODON policy, for use on MODON projects. Contractors, at their discretion, may implement
more stringent guidelines or operational procedures as long as they do not conflict with this
Policy. MODON PMO will monitor compliance with this policy.
Any change management policy developed by contractors will include but is not limited to the
following criteria:
Any change to scope, schedule, or cost is identified as a potential change. All three
elements need not be affected to constitute change.
Each potential change is identified on a Change Request Form (CRF) at the earliest
possible opportunity and promptly referred to higher management.
All potential changes shall be fully evaluated and risks and impacts to the cost and
schedule of the works fully disclosed in an impact analysis.
All potential changes require cost estimates and backup.
Change Request Registers (CRRs) shall be maintained at the project level by the
Construction Manager. CRRs shall be maintained at the program level by the Program
Manager.
CRFs may be resolved only by rejection or change request, even when costs are not
affected.
No changed work, except that authorized in writing as Force Account Work, may
proceed in the absence of an approved change request.
Page: 7 of 8
References
The following references are applicable to this MODON PMO Change Management Policy:
Document Reference Number
Title
ORG1-06-002-MOD-TS0-0-PRM-PRO-1169-00
Scheduling Policy
ORG1-06-002-MOD-TS0-0-PRM-PRO-1117-00
ORG1-06-002-MOD-TS0-0-PRM-PRO-1170-00
ORG1-06-002-MOD-TS0-0-PRM-PRO-1156-00
Scheduling Procedure
Title
Change Request Form Template
Page: 8 of 8
Guideline
Please note:
UNCONTROLLED VERSION WHEN PRINTED OR SAVED LOCALLY.
Refer to the Controlled Document in the MODON Platform for the latest version.
Approval Sheet
Document Owner: <Insert Name Insert Job Title>
Signature:
Date:
NO YES
If YES, please follow the Change Management Procedure (ORG1-06-002-MOD-TS00-PRM-PRO-1117-00) before this document is routed for signatures.
Revision History
Revision
Date
Additions/Modifications
<First Issue>.
<Name of Preparer>
I have prepared this document in
accordance with MODON
requirements and Brand
Guidelines.
Reviewed
by:
<Name of Reviewer>
<Job Title of Reviewer>
I have reviewed this document for
its accuracy and technical content,
and to meet MODON
requirements.
Checked
by:
<Name of Checker>
<Job Title of Checker>
I have checked this document for
its layout and format, and to meet
MODON requirements.
Approved
by:
<Name of Approver>
I have approved this document
for implementation.
Signature
Date
Bill of Quantities
CM
Construction Manager
CRR
MM
million
MODON
PgM
Program Manager
PMO
SAR
Page: 3 of 17
Page: 4 of 17
Contents
Approval Sheet ...................................................................................................................... 2
Acronyms and Abbreviations .................................................................................................3
Terms and Definitions ............................................................................................................4
1
Introduction ................................................................................................................7
1.1
Definitions ............................................................................................................. 7
1.1.1 Concept ..................................................................................................... 7
1.1.2 Change ...................................................................................................... 7
1.2
Objectives ............................................................................................................. 7
1.2.1 Purpose ..................................................................................................... 7
1.2.2 Budget Impacts ......................................................................................... 7
1.2.3 Schedule Awareness. ................................................................................. 7
1.3
Change Management Fundamentals .................................................................... 8
1.3.1 Techniques ................................................................................................ 8
1.3.2 Pre-Design Phase ...................................................................................... 8
1.3.3 Design Development Phase ...................................................................... 8
1.3.4 Construction Phase.................................................................................... 8
Page: 5 of 17
4
5
References ................................................................................................................16
Page: 6 of 17
Introduction
1.1
Definitions
1.1.1
Concept
Change is inevitable. All projects will have changes and things will not go as planned. Therefore,
it is important to have a plan to identify and to manage change through all phases of project
development and execution. The Change Management Plan defines authorities, responsibilities,
procedures, and protocols for dealing with change on the project.
All changes are processed against a Contingency established at project inception. Contingency
becomes smaller as the project progresses through design to final design. At project inception,
Contingency should not exceed -20% or +10% of contract value. Upon award of contract, since
most unknowns have been eliminated, Contingency is set at 10 percent, absent compelling
reasons to use a higher or lower percentage.
The cost of changes and status of Contingency for each project will be extracted and fed into
the base for cost reporting. Program Master Reporting will be updated monthly by aggregating
change information from all projects.
1.1.2
Change
Change is defined as any departure from agreed scope, cost, quality, or performance time
(schedule). This includes changes from quantities reflected in the Bill of Quantities (BOQ). All
change must be captured and reduced to writing in the form of a change request, even those
that are recognized as no-cost changes. Though most changes are of necessity, many are a
matter of choice. Good change management limits changes to those necessary.
Typically overlooked or ignored changes include material and equipment substitutions, relaxed
quality standards, specification changes, extended schedules, and quantity changes as
trade-offs.
1.2
1.2.1
Objectives
Purpose
The purpose of Change management is to identify, report, and manage change as early as
possible, evaluate potential changes, and manage the change process in a manner that provides
for thoughtful evaluation, easy visibility and meaningful reporting and resolution of the cost and
schedule impacts of potential and real changes to a project, and by extension, to a program.
1.2.2
Budget Impacts
1.2.3
Schedule Awareness.
One of the primary objectives of Change Management is to contribute to intelligent cost and
schedule management so that a project can be delivered within its established budget and
delivery time frame. Early visibility of potential change allows informed decision making about
changes. Refined estimates of the cost and schedule impacts of change improve accuracy of
projections and maximize the use of Contingency funds.
Page: 7 of 17
Many changes will not have direct cost impacts to projects, but do drive schedules. Extensions
of schedules have impacts that lie outside of contract Contingency but affect project and
program Contingencies through extended facilities (field office) costs and personnel and
personnel support expenses. Other impacts are extended program management and
construction management fees. Extended schedules can also result in delayed revenue streams
when completed projects produce income.
1.3
1.3.1
Change management begins with the establishment of processes to identify potential changes,
determine ownership, seek alternatives, determine their cost and schedule impacts, determine
acceptance or rejection of the change, negotiate the change, and issue change requests.
Inherent in this process is the assignment of authority and responsibility for the
identification/capture, tracking, review, and approval functions that are part of the process.
1.3.2
Pre-Design Phase
1.3.3
The pre-design phase of a project establishes basic project information, technical purpose, and
rough order of magnitude cost. This phase itself is an atmosphere of change as alternatives are
explored to establish a fundamental scope and reduce that to a scope statement and rough cost.
Because of the very broad scope found in the pre-design phase, change management is
concerned only with high order changes that alter the intent and larger scope of a project
location, area, purpose. Changes in the pre-design phase are rare.
Design Development usually consists of 30 percent, 60 percent, and 90 percent design stages.
Design is an iterative process in which each stage becomes more defined, developed, and
elaborated. As a result, changes occurring later in the cycle have a more pronounced effect on
the cost of design because of the re-work they require. Changes in design will drive changes in
scope statements, drawings, and specifications.
Change identification for design contracts is concerned primarily with impact on the cost and
schedule to design, but has other far-reaching effects. Output from change management in
Design Development may drive changes in the cost to construct as well as the cost to operate
and therefore affect program cost Contingencies. The total impact of a change should be
considered when evaluating for acceptance.
Changes during the Design Development Phase have multiple impacts and, therefore, a larger
shareholder audience that includes end users, the owning agency that will operate the facilities,
and funding resources.
1.3.4
Construction Phase
In the construction phase, change management has the greatest impacts and the takes on a
special importance. Changes in this phase are the most costly, the most time consuming to
process, and the most contentious. They typically derive from defective design, design
enhancements, material and equipment changes, delays, unknown utilities, and differing site
conditions. Regardless of source, changes must be identified and tracked to final resolution.
Many of the changes cannot be avoided. Others are a matter of choice. All potential changes,
including overruns or underruns in quantities (BOQ), must be dealt with as changes until they are
resolved. Early identification contributes to effective cost management.
Page: 8 of 17
Managing Change
2.1
Identification
Change identification is a global responsibility and is the concern of all stakeholders in the
project. Sources are:
Each potential change is assigned a unique identifying number and entered in the Change
Request Register (CRR) by the Construction Managers (CMs) Project Control staff. See also the
Cost Management Guideline.
Identify each potential change, enter into the change control system, investigate its merits,
provide preliminary cost estimates, and forecast the cost of the change. Track all changes
through the approval process to completion. They will either be accepted after some negotiation
or rejected. Until finalized they remain a component in cost forecasting. If accepted, they
become a part of the contract and the baseline is revised to accommodate the change.
2.2
2.2.1
Tracking Change
The CRR is maintained by the Construction Manager. As each new potential change is identified,
it is assigned a unique number, logged, and forwarded through the Construction Manager to the
Program Manager (PgM) to the MODON Project Manager. The estimated impact of changes is
part of the initial analysis of a change. It is a process that is refined as a change is further
developed and additional information becomes known.
The CRR is generally not shared with the Contractor because it may contain sensitive information
that would provide an advantage to the Contractor. It is an internal document for MODON use
in managing change and Contingency.
2.2.2
Review
The CRR is reviewed weekly in its entirety by the CM, PgM, and MODON Project Manager. Those
portions of the CRR that affect the Contractor or have been generated by him are part of the
weekly and monthly progress meeting discussions. The MODON Project Manager has decisionmaking authority over what items will remain active in the CRR and what items do not have merit,
as well as the responsibility to push those changes to resolution within MODON. Putting off or
postponing the change process does not make things easier.
Document Reference Number: ORG1-06-002-MOD-TS0-0-PRM-PRO-1279-00
Revision Number: 0
Date: 3 November 2015
Page: 9 of 17
Each potential change is retained within the CRR. Nothing is deleted. When items are judged to
lack merit, they are classified as lacking merit and made inactive. Only active items are
considered for further action.
2.2.3
Reporting
Change status reporting is part of weekly and monthly progress meetings. Status reporting
includes a listing of all approved, pending, and potential changes. The MODON Project Manager
will reject all potential changes that lack a cost component or fail to address schedule impact
and send them back to the PgM for further development. In order to keep the process moving,
all such returned items are sent with a suspense date.
Only active changes are explored in detail. Impacts of change are discussed for each change, as
well as the likelihood of the change coming to fruition. Reporting also presents the cumulative
effect of all changes and their impacts on Contingency funds.
2.3
2.3.1
Analysis
General
Analysis of potential changes is formal, written, documented, and fully supported. Use existing
guides and templates to fully describe how a change came into existence; how it impacts the
project in terms of cost, schedule, and sustainability; how it impacts other projects; its effects on
stakeholders; and compensability.
Key questions are:
a.
b.
Merit and compensability are closely related. That a proposed change has merit means simply
that under the terms of the contract, it is a change in scope, cost, or schedule from that
anticipated at time of bid. That a change is compensable means that the contractor is entitled to
additional remuneration as a result of the change. Compensable delays are always beyond the
control of the contractor. Changes that have merit are not necessarily compensable. As an
example, consider changes as a result of extraordinary weather conditions that entitle a
contractor to additional days but no additional compensation (effectively a relief from liquidated
damages or late completion penalties).
Carefully consider concurrent delay. Concurrent delay occurs when, through his own fault, the
contractor has delayed progress at the same time that an owner fault has caused delay. In such
cases, the delay caused by the Owner is considered inconsequential because, had the Owners
action not taken place, the delay would have occurred anyway. MODON Project Control staff
members are experts at analyzing the schedule impact of change.
In considering changes not dictated by design flaws or site conditions or Owner direction, keep
in mind that, if a change does not benefit the Owner, it should not be considered. For purposes
of this discussion, consider quantity change from the BOQ to be a design flaw. Advantages to
the Owner as a result of changes are reduced cost, better product at the same cost (assumes
reduced sustainability cost), an equal product at a lesser cost, or an enhanced revenue stream.
Changes are frequently presented as being faster, saving time, etc. Changes concerned with
schedule enhancement are beneficial to an Owner only if the schedule enhancement translates
to an earlier revenue stream. If a project can be finished faster and that translates to an Owner
receiving income from the project earlier, then that change is of benefit only if the amounts
received earlier exceed the cost of making the change. In order to be beneficial to the Owner,
any schedule enhancement must be on the critical path. Performance enhancement of activities
Page: 10 of 17
that are not on the critical path only creates float. Creating more float is not to the Owners
advantage.
Determining ownership of a change is often a key to compensability. Ownership defines the
source of the change and causative factors. As a general rule, a Contractor is entitled to
additional compensation for changes that occur as a result of factors beyond its control. Analysis
of causative factors in delay may determine that entities other than the Owner are at fault, as in
interference from other contractors.
Impacts from change can extend far beyond the immediate and obvious effects. This condition
is particularly relevant in larger, multi-disciplined projects. Schedules of one project may affect
coordination points with another. Other factors to be considered in change evaluation are the
compatibility of equipment and materials; maintenance spares and special knowledge;
durability; and life-cycle cost.
2.3.2
Cost
2.3.3
Schedule
2.3.4
Other Considerations
Cost is a necessary component of all changes. Analysis of proposed changes, even zero cost
changes, must address cost. In the initial stages, cost projections are usually order of magnitude
estimates with an accuracy of 50 percent. As scope is refined and the change becomes more
concrete, cost margins narrow. Cost can vary significantly when changed items affect schedule
duration because overheads are affected. Those changes that are based in quantity changes of
the BOQ enjoy early accuracy, with changes in cost driven solely by changes in quantity. Changes
should not be pursued until scope development allows estimate accuracy of less than
10 percent.
Schedule impacts can be a big factor in determining cost of a project. Schedule extensions are
usually expensive. Compensability of extended schedules is a big issue. A contractor is entitled
to additional overheads when causes attributable to the owner result in schedule extension.
However, compensability of delay is negated by concurrent delay, delays not on the critical path,
self-inflicted delay, and delays beyond the control of the Owner (e.g., weather). Delays beyond
the control of the Owner or his agents are compensable by time and time only. This means that
the Contractor is excused from liquidated damages, but not entitled to additional compensation.
Delay analysis is a particular skill and should be left to experts in the field.
Other considerations in analysis of changes are overheads, G&A expense, and profit. Whenever
a change requires additional personnel or the extension of existing personnel beyond their
planned duration on a project, overheads and G&A come into play. Overheads must be
considered in three categories personnel, support, and general conditions items.
Adding personnel incurs not only their direct salary and benefit costs, but costs of mobilization
and demobilization, visas, dependents, lodging, meals, COLA, vehicle allowances, R&R, etc. In
cases of added personnel, do not accept application of standard rates for salaries and overheads.
Require hard numbers supported by quotes or actual experience. Support costs also include
benefits like insurance, 401(k) plans, retirement plans, etc. All are real costs to a contractor.
General Conditions costs include offices, office supplies, utilities, portable toilets, etc. Check
carefully to assure that support costs have not been included in another category. As a general
rule, these costs are not acceptable as part of a change, unless the change extends the original
contract period.
Page: 11 of 17
2.4
2.4.1
Disposition
Yes or No
Pending changes must be moved quickly to resolution. Where changes have longer lasting
effects and may continue over the life of a project, seek a lump-sum adjustment early rather than
wait until the change can be fully known. Early settlement of a proposed change transfers the
risk of execution to the Contractor and removes the issue from further consideration as a
potential change.
Keep the process moving. With age, the components of change become less clear and
documentation less meaningful. It is not a good idea to save all the changes until the end of a
project and then seek resolution.
2.4.2
Contingency
Contingency provides funding for changes. Contingency is not to exceed -20% or +10% of
contract value. It must be managed carefully and conservatively. Part of managing Contingency
is knowing what changes are likely. To this end, it is important to identify changes as soon as
possible, assess cost impacts, and determine merit. Contingency cannot be managed effectively
without the visibility of potential changes.
Contingency amounts may change over the course of a contract. It is not uncommon to see
Contingency reduced as projects become more mature and the possibility of change decreases.
Therefore, it is highly beneficial to have complete visibility of all pending or potential changes to
the project at any time.
2.5
Value
2.5.1
Life Cycle
2.5.2
Sustainability
2.5.3
Standardization
2.5.4
Efficiency
2.5.5
Finishes
2.5.6
Architectural
Page: 12 of 17
Architectural aesthetics are strictly Owners preference items. Items of upgrade cannot be
justified from a cost or schedule perspective. Reductions in the complexity of architectural
aesthetics have the potential for savings in both cost and schedule. In evaluating any reduction
of architectural aesthetics, focus on suit to purpose analysis.
2.6
Negotiation
Except for the most basic of changes founded in minor quantity changes in a unit-priced contract,
all changes must be negotiated. The purpose of negotiation is to reach a fair settlement that is
acceptable to both parties. Changes above a threshold established by senior management are
to be negotiated by contracts professionals. Though the MODON Project Manager may
participate in and support higher level negotiations, he should not lead the negotiations.
Page: 13 of 17
3.1
Plan
The change management plan is a project-specific, written document describing how changes
will be dealt with. It defines the processes of identifying, presenting, and evaluating potential
changes, and disposing of proposed changes that lack merit.
The change management plan further describes roles, responsibilities, and authorities for each
sub-function of the change management process.
3.2
Project
Contingency is funding set aside at the project level to cover possible changeschanges in plan,
design, construction, execution unknowns, etc. Authority of the MODON Project Manager to
access Contingency is found in the Change Management Plan for the project. Contingency is not
a constant and should be redefined at each stage of the project. Contingency represents a range
of cost based on uncertainties. It usually decreases as the project becomes more defined and
more is known about the circumstances, details, and complexities of a project. The budget
Contingency should be based on the upside of the cost range for a particular stage of
development in order to provide a conservative allowance to cover all generally known risks at
each stage. Based on the order of magnitude estimates included in the original budget,
Contingency would range from +50 percent to -30 percent. In the case of a 10 million (MM) Saudi
Arabian Riyal (SAR) budget, the project may cost as much as 15MM SAR or as little as 7MM SAR.
The budget would be 10MM with a 5MM Contingency line item.
Upside Contingency threshold guidelines are as follows:
Preliminary Estimate
+50%
+15%
Budget Estimate
Construction (bid)
3.3
+30%
+10%
Program
Contingency is managed as a whole at the Program level and is controlled by the Director
General or his designee, who has the authority to increase or decrease Contingency at the
project level across all MODON projects.
Typical sub-grantees of Contingency management are Department Heads and their Senior
Managers. Authorization and Authority Levels are assigned in writing. See the Best Practice
Manual for guidance on levels of approval and financial authority.
3.4
Change Control
Change control is essential to cost management. From the beginning of the contract, assume
that there will be changes and have a plan to deal with them effectively. The change
management plan deals with the specific methods, procedures, protocols, and levels of authority
to manage change.
In considering changes not dictated by design flaws or site conditions, keep in mind that if a
change does not benefit the Owner, it should not be considered. Advantages to the Owner are
Page: 14 of 17
reduced cost, better product at the same cost (assumes reduced sustainability cost), or an equal
product at a lesser cost. Changes concerned with schedule enhancement are beneficial to an
Owner only if the schedule enhancement translates to an earlier revenue stream. These kinds of
changes are usually found in manufacturing or production environments and are not generally
seen in infrastructure projects.
3.5
If BOQ rates already exist for change, these must be applied in the change request. If the BOQ
does not include a rate for the change, the change needs to include three quotations, with the
lowest being used as the basis of change
The first iteration of change request pricing is normally from the initiator of the change. In
practice, the Contractor identifies most of the changes and submits a proposed change with
pricing. In the case of Owner-initiated change, the Owner is responsible for an initial estimate,
which he holds confidential. The first published change pricing is the pricing proposal received
in response to the Owners request for quote.
Pricing methods depend on contract language and structure. Where identical or similar work is
priced within the schedule of values, it may be appropriate to use those values. Keep in mind
that where general conditions and mobilization are not separate bid items, their costs have been
included in the unit prices and will be included in change request pricing even though they may
not be applicable. This will be an advantage to the contractor in additive changes and a penalty
in deductive changes.
The objective is pricing that is equitable. Sources of cost can be from published sources, historical
bases, or contractually based. Separate presentation and analysis are required for schedule
impacts that are driven primarily by overheads and are distinctly different from construction
costs.
3.6
Claims
Claims are essentially proposed changes that were rejected by an Owner, but that the other
party considers to have merit. Settlement of claims impacts Contingency and should be
considered in forecasting. Amounts included in the forecast for settlement of claims are a
judgment call that depends on the likelihood of settlement award to the claimant.
Depending on contract language, most claims will be settled by arbitration, in which a neutral
third party will determine merit and settlement provisions for cost and schedule. Others will be
settled by legal action. If found to have merit, a judgment will be awarded to the party bringing
the claim and the judgment will become the subject of a change request.
In a practical sense, the MODON Project Manager is only concerned with those claims going to
arbitration. Legal proceedings are usually so lengthy that near-term cost estimates and forecasts
will not be affected.
3.7
Productivity and impact are often components of changes that alter the sequence of construction
or push construction into different time frames and must be considered. Effects on productivity
can be weather, multiple shifts, interference from other trades or contractors, restricted access
to the work site, restricted work hours, etc. Impact analysis is the justification for productivity
changes and the hard costs associated with them. Other related cost factors may be worker
accommodation, extended camp costs, extended overheads, etc. See also Guidelines for Cost
Management and Schedule Management.
Page: 15 of 17
References
The following references are applicable to this Change Management Guidelines document:
Document Reference Number
Title
ORG1-06-002-MOD-TS0-0-PRM-PRO-1169-00
Scheduling Policy
ORG1-06-002-MOD-TS0-0-PRM-PRO-1171-00
Scheduling Guidelines
ORG1-06-002-MOD-TS0-0-PRM-PRO-1170-00
ORG1-06-002-MOD-TS0-0-PRM-PRO-1117-00
ORG1-06-002-MOD-TS0-0-PRM-PRO-1156-00
ORG1-06-002-MOD-TS0-0-PRM-PRO-1157-00
Scheduling Procedure
Page: 16 of 17
The following templates are applicable to this Change Management Guidelines document:
Document Reference Number
Title
Change Request Form Template
Page: 17 of 17
Procedure
Please note:
UNCONTROLLED VERSION WHEN PRINTED OR SAVED LOCALLY.
Refer to the Controlled Document in the MODON Platform for the latest version.
Approval Sheet
Document Owner: <Insert Name Insert Job Title>
Signature:
Date:
NO YES
If YES, please follow the Change Management Procedure (ORG1-06-002-MOD-TS00-PRM-PRO-1117-00) before this document is routed for signatures.
Revision History
Revision
Date
Additions/Modifications
<First Issue>.
<Name of Preparer>
I have prepared this document in
accordance with MODON
requirements and Brand
Guidelines.
Reviewed
by:
<Name of Reviewer>
<Job Title of Reviewer>
I have reviewed this document for
its accuracy and technical content,
and to meet MODON
requirements.
Checked
by:
<Name of Checker>
<Job Title of Checker>
I have checked this document for
its layout and format, and to meet
MODON requirements.
Approved
by:
<Name of Approver>
I have approved this document
for implementation.
Signature
Date
ANSI
CII
CMAA
CRF
CRR
MODON
P6
PMI
PMO
Page: 3 of 10
Page: 4 of 10
Contents
Approval Sheet ...................................................................................................................... 2
Acronyms and Abbreviations .................................................................................................3
Terms and Definitions ............................................................................................................4
1
Application .................................................................................................................6
4
5
6
7
8
10
Process ....................................................................................................................... 6
Justification ................................................................................................................7
Analysis ...................................................................................................................... 8
Negotiation ................................................................................................................9
Change Request .........................................................................................................9
Responsibility .............................................................................................................9
References ................................................................................................................10
Page: 5 of 10
Application
This procedure and amplifying information in its references apply to all MODON projects and to
all vendors and contractors in their dealings with MODON. It applies to all MODON contractors
and consultants (contractors) of every nature and is applicable to all projects directly funded by
MODON or over which MODON exercises management control.
Formal Change Management is required for all changes affecting any of the following:
Scope: Any modification to the Bill of Quantities including additions and deletions
Process
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
Change identification
Change definition
Change justification
Impact analysis
All change is measured against the Contract baselines of scope, schedule, and
cost. MODON will assess requests for change and determine whether change
is indicated under the Contract documents and the terms and conditions of the
Contract. The only changes that MODON will entertain as compensable are
those changes that are deemed to be outside the control of the Contractor.
The concepts and approach used by MODON for change management are
consistent with leading industry practices including the Project Management
Institute (PMI), Construction Industry Institute (CII), Construction Management
Page: 6 of 10
Identification of Changes
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
In Design Contracts, request for change is introduced via the Technical Section
Manager and the MODON Project Manager.
Each CRF is entered into a Change Request Register (CRR) maintained by the
MODON Project Manager or his designee. (See the Change Request Register
Template.) Each CRR entry is maintained into perpetuity. no entry is ever
deleted from the CRR. Disposition of all potential changes is reflected in the
CRR.
Justification
a.
b.
c.
Each identified change must be fully justified. Justification shall include the
business case, schedule and cost impact analysis, and exploration of
alternatives, including the alternative of doing nothing. The underlying premise
of justification is that the proposed change must offer some advantage to
MODON. If there is no benefit to the owner, there is no point to making the
change.
Justification is the responsibility of the originator of the request, who is
obligated to produce a compelling case for the proposed change and a
substantive discussion of alternative courses of action.
Schedule impact analysis shall be a part of justification. Analysis shall be based
on current Oracle Primavera P6 Professional Project Management Software
(P6) schedules and shall make reference to the approved baseline schedule.
Full disclosure of concurrent delay is required as part of the analysis.
Page: 7 of 10
d.
e.
f.
When fully loaded Contract unit rates are not applicable, markups for profit
and overhead shall be prudently applied and fully justified. Profit shall be
consistent with that for the Contract as a whole. Field overheads shall be
justified on individual applications and shall not apply unless there are
increases that drive specific overheads (superintendents, etc.). Adjustment of
overhead does not apply to reductions of less than 10% of Contract value.
Cost impact shall address product life cycle and fully explore replacement
costs, O&M effort and cost, and spares inventory issues.
Analysis
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
Review and analysis of proposed changes is urgent and shall be moved quickly
through the process without undue delay.
In Design Contracts, review authority lies with the Technical Section Lead, who
enters comments and makes recommendation to the MODON Project
Manager. Several iterations between Designer and Technical Section may be
required before arriving at final recommendation.
Approval and further recommendation lies with the MODON Project Manager.
Page: 8 of 10
Negotiation
a.
b.
c.
Final negotiations shall address the change itself, as well as the impacts to cost,
schedule, specification, and Contract issues of penalty and performance time.
Negotiations are subject to final approval by the Director General.
Change Request
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
If the MODON Project Manager determines that the proposed change is in the
best interests of MODON, he shall notify the proposer of the change and the
implementer of the change. Negotiations shall be scheduled with the
implement of the proposed change.
Upon approval of the Change Request, the MODON Project Manager, or his
designee shall update the CRR to show completed action.
No changed work, except that authorized in writing as Force Account Work,
may proceed in the absence of an approved Change Request. No work shall
be undertaken by any party without final approval of a Change Request from
the Director General and acceptance of the Change Request by the
Contractor.
Change Requests shall be stand-alone and complete, fully addressing the full
impacts of the change in terms of drawings, specifications, configuration,
layout, cost, compensation, schedule, time of performance, and resources.
Responsibility
a.
b.
c.
Page: 9 of 10
d.
References
Title
ORG1-06-002-MOD-TS0-0-PRM-PRO-1169-00
Scheduling Policy
ORG1-06-002-MOD-TS0-0-PRM-PRO-1170-00
ORG1-06-002-MOD-TS0-0-PRM-PRO-1156-00
10
Scheduling Procedure
Title
Change Request Form Template
Page: 10 of 10
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