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0 EPE452 3phase Circuits

A three-phase system uses three conductors that generate three alternating voltages 120 degrees out of phase to transmit power. The line-to-line voltage is greater than the phase voltage by a factor of √3 and leads the phase voltage by 30 degrees. For a balanced three-phase system, the line currents are 120 degrees out of phase and the neutral current is zero. Real and reactive power calculations use the line voltages and currents.

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Eyad A. Feilat
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57 views31 pages

0 EPE452 3phase Circuits

A three-phase system uses three conductors that generate three alternating voltages 120 degrees out of phase to transmit power. The line-to-line voltage is greater than the phase voltage by a factor of √3 and leads the phase voltage by 30 degrees. For a balanced three-phase system, the line currents are 120 degrees out of phase and the neutral current is zero. Real and reactive power calculations use the line voltages and currents.

Uploaded by

Eyad A. Feilat
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Review of

Three-Phase Circuit Analysis

A three phase generator has


three coils each represent a
phase

Va

Vb
Ib
S

Vb

N N

Va

Ia

Ic

Vc

Vc

Three-phase system
van

vcn

vbn

Time

Why do we use 3-phase systems?


Three-phase system produces rotating magnetic
field.
Three-phase motors can start without the need for
extra equipment.

For the same physical size, a three-phase


generator produces more power than a single
phase generator.
Three-phase lines transmit more power.
Three-phase lines are more reliable.
In distribution circuit, you can operate the system
with one missing phase.

Y-Connection-Source
c
b

Vaa

Vbb

Vcc
c'
n

Vcc
b'

b'

a'
n

c'

Vbb
b

a'

Vaa

Phase voltage

Vcn

Transmission
Line

Generator

Van

Reference

Vbn

c
Van

Vbn

Vcn

Vcn

Vbn

Van

Van Vbn Vcn V ph V

Van V0V

Vbn V 120V
Vcn V120V

Line-to-line voltage
Vab
Vca
Van

Vbn

Vbc

a
b
c

Vcn

n
Vab Van Vbn V0 V 120 3 V 30
Vbc Vbn Vcn V 120 V120

3 V 90

Vca Vcn Van V120 V0 3 V 150

Vca

-Vbn

Vab Van Vbn V0 V 120


V ph 1 (cos120 j sin 120)
1

V ph V ph j
2
2

3 V ph 30

The other line to line voltages


Vbc Vab 120 o
Vca Vab 120 o

Vab

Vcn
n

300

Reference

Van

Vbn

Vbc

Main Conclusions
Vab Van Vbn V0 V 120 3 V 30
Line-to-line voltage is greater than phase voltage by

3
Line-to-line voltage leads phase voltage by

30

Example

vab

Let for a balanced three phase system

Van 240 0 V

30 0

Calculate the line-to-line voltages

Vab 3 Van 30 o

Vab 3 240 0 o 30 o 415.7 30 o


The other voltages can be computed by the
balanced system relationship
Vbc Vab 120 o
Vbc 415.7 30 o 120 415.7 90 o
Vca Vab 120
Vca 415.730 o 120 415.7 150 o

van

Reference

Y-Connected System
Line current

Transmission
Line

Source

Load

Ia
a

Phase current
+

Ia Z

Van Ia
Vcn

c + Ic

n V
bn
+

Ib b

Ib
Ic

Z
c +

Ic

Ib
Z
+ b

Three Phase System

Ia

YConnection
c

a
+

Van Ia
Vcn

n V
bn

Ic

Ib b

Ia Z

In
Ib

Z
c

Ib
Z

Ic

Ic

For balanced system

Z a Zb Zc Z
Van V0

Van
V0

I o
Ia
Z
Za
Vbn V 120

I (120 o )
Z
Zb

Vbn V 120

Ib

Vcn V120

Vcn V120

Ic
I (120 o )
Z
Zc

Vcn

Ic
Van

n
Ib

Ia

Reference

Vbn
Ia I o

Van V0
Vbn V 120
Vcn V120

I b I ( 120 o )
I c I ( 120 o )

Neutral Current of Balanced Load


For balanced system

Z a Zb Zc Z

Ic
Ia
Ib

I n I a I b I c I0 I 120 I120 0
o

Main Conclusions for Y-Connected Load


Vab Van Vbn V0 V 120 3 V 30
Line-to-line voltage is greater than phase voltage by

3
Line-to-line voltage leads phase voltage by

30
Line current equals phase current

Example: For the three phase system shown , find


The load currents of each phase
The neutral current
The magnitude of the line to line voltage
Ia

a
Z 3 j4

Van 1200 V

Ic

Ib

The load currents of each phase

Van 120 0 o 120 0 o


Ia

24 53.13 A

o
3 j4
Z
553.1

The other currents can be computed by the balanced


system relationship

I a I o 24 53.13o
I b I (120 ) o 24 (120 53.13) o 24 173.13
I c I (120 o ) 24 (120 53.13o ) 2566.87
The neutral current
I n I a I b I c 24 53.13 24 173.13o 2466.87 o 0

The magnitude of the line to line voltage


VL 3 V ph 3 120 208V

Delta () Connection: Load


Ia

a
_

Ica

Vca

+
c

Ica
Vab

n
Ibc

Iab
Vbc

+
Ibc

Iab
_
b

Ib
Ic

Refere

Vca
Vab
Vbc
I ab
, I bc
, I ca
Z
Z
Z

I a I ab I ca

Ica
Vab

I
ab
300

Ibc
Ia

I a I ab I ca 3 I ab 30 o
I a 3 I ab ( 30 )
o

- Ica

Refere

Main Conclusions for Delta-Connected Load


Line-to-line voltage is equal to phase voltage

I a 3 I ab ( 30 o )
Line current is greater than phase current by

3
Line current lags phase current by

30

Example
Calculate the phase currents of the load
a
Van 120 40 V

Ia

Ica

Iab

Z 1030 V

b
Ib

Ic

Ibc

Van
c

Vab 3 Van 30 o

Vab 3 240 0 o 30 o 415.7 30 o

Vab
3 120 30o
o
I ab

41
.
57

7
A
o
Z
5 37

Ia
Ib
Ic

Power of 3-phase circuits


Vphase

Iphase

For Single phase

P V phase I phase cos ( )


Q V phase I phase sin ( )

IMPORTANT

is the angle between


phase voltage and
phase current.
Use voltage as a
reference

For 3-phase

P 3 V phase I phase cos ( )


Q 3 V phase I phase sin ( )

Real Power in Y Circuit


Ia

V phase Van
I phase I a

Van

Vline Vab 3 Van

Vcn

I line I a

Vbn

Ib

b
Ic

P 3 V phase I phase cos ( ) 3 Van I a cos ( )

P 3 Vab I a cos ( ) 3 Vline I line cos ( )

Reactive Power in Y Circuit


V phase Va

Ia

I phase I a

Va

Vline Vab 3 Va

Vc

I line I a

Vb

Ib

b
Ic

Q 3 V phase I phase sin ( ) 3 Va I a sin ( )


Q 3 Vab I a sin ( ) 3 Vline I line sin ( )

Real Power in Delta Circuit


V phase Vab
I phase I ab

Vline Vab
I line I a 3 I ab

Ia

a
_

Ica

+
c

+
Ibc

Iab
_
b

Ib
Ic

P 3 V phase I phase cos ( ) 3 Vab I ab cos ( )


P 3 Vab I a cos ( ) 3 Vline I line cos ( )

Reactive Power in Delta Circuit


V phase Vab
I phase I ab

Vline Vab
I line I a 3 I ab

Ia

a
_

Ica

+
c

+
Ibc

Iab
_
b

Ib
Ic

Q 3 V phase I phase sin ( ) 3 Vab I ab sin ( )


Q 3 Vab I a sin ( ) 3 Vline I line sin ( )

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