FRIDAY, JULY 27, 2012

CBSE Class 11 Chemistry - CH1 Mole Concept

Q1: Define mole

Answer: A mole (or mol) is defined
as the amount of substance which
contains equal number of particles
(atoms / molecules / ions) as there

are atoms in exactly 12.000g of

carbon-12.
One mole of carbon-12 atom has a
mass of exactly 12.000 grams and
contains 6.02 1023 atoms.
A mol is just a number like a dozen.
A dozen equals to 12 eggs , a gross
of Pencil equals to 144 Pencil.
Similarly, mol is equal to 6.022
1023(Avagadro constant). Mol is also
known as chemist dozen.

The value 6.022 1023 is known as

Avogadro Constant (NA), after the

Italian scientist who first recognized

the importance of the mass/number
relationship
Q2: Why was there need to use
this number called mole?
Answer: Atoms and molecules are
extremely small in size and their
numbers in even a small amount
of any substance is really very large.
To handle such large numbers, a unit
of similar magnitude is required.
In SI system, mole (symbol, mol)
was introduced as seventh base
quantity for the amount of a
substance.

Q3: 1 mol of chlorine atom

contains
(a) 6.022 1023 atoms
(b) one atom
(c) 35.5 g of Cl
(d) All of the above.
Answer: Both (a) and (b) are correct.
1 mol of Cl atom = 36.5 g of Cl
(molar mass)
= 6.02 1023 atoms.
Q4: 1.0 mole of Chlorine molecule
(Cl2) contains
(i) how many number of
molecules.
(ii) how many number of atoms.
(iii) how much it weighs.

Answer: (i) 1.0 mol of Cl2 contains

6.022 1023molecules.
(ii) One molecule of Cl2 contains 2
toms of Cl. Cl2 contains 2 6.022
1023 atoms
i.e. 12.44 1023 atoms
(iii) Molar mass of Cl is 35.5 gm/mol.
1.0 mol of Cl2 weighs = 2 35.5 =
71.1 g
Mole in terms of number,
1 Mole of particle = 6.022 1023 particles

Q5: Which of the following is

correct option?

1.0 mole of NH3 (ammonia)

contains ...
(a) 6.022 1023 molecules
(b) 4 mol of atoms
(c) 1 mol of Nitrogen atoms
(d) 3 6.022 1023 of H atoms
Answer: All of the above options are
correct.
Q6: What is atomic mass unit
(amu)?
Answer: Atomic mass unit is defined
as a mass exactly equal to onetwelfth the mass of one carbon-12
atom. One atomic mass unit also
called one Dalton.

Mass of one mole of C-12 atoms =

12 g = mass of 6.022 1023 C-12
atoms
1 amu = 1g per mol = 1/NA = 1/
(6.022 1023) = 1.66 10-24g.
Q7: What is the mass of one 12C
atom? Express it in grams as well
as in amu.
Answer: one mole of C-12 atoms =
12 g = mass of 6.022 1023 C-12
atoms
mass of 1 C-12 atom = 12g
6.022 1023 = 1.994 10-23g
or = 12g 6.022 1023 = 12g 1.66
10-24g = 12 amu.

Q8: What is molar mass?

Answer: The mass of one mole of an
element or one mole of compound is
referred as molar mass.
It is expressed as g mol-1.
Example:
molar mass of Mg = 24 g mol-1.
molar mass of methane (CH4) = (12
+ 4) g mol-1 = 16 g mol-1.
Q9: What is Gram atomic mass or
molar mass of an element?
Answer: Gram atomic mass or molar
mass of an element is mass of 1 mol
of atoms or atomic mass expressed

in grams. For example, atomic mass

of Mg = 24u, therefore, molar mass
of Mg is 24 grams per mol. Molar
mass of an element is also called
one gram atom.
Q10: What is Gram molecular
mass or molar mass of molecular
substance?
Answer: Gram molecular mass or
molar mass of a molecular
substance is the mass of 1 mol of
molecules or molecular mass
expressed is grams. For example,
molecular mass of H2O is 18u (2u +
16u), therefore, molar mass of H2O
is 18 g mol-1.

Mole in terms of mass,

No. of Moles = Mass Molar mass

Q11: In 14g of N2(nitrogen gas),

calculate
(i) number of moles (take molar
mass of 28 g mol-1)
(ii) number of molecules
(iii) number of atoms
Answer:
(i) No. of moles = 14g 28 g mol-1 =
0.5 moles
(ii) No. of molecules = (number of
moles) NA = 0.5 6.022 1023 =
3.011 1023 molecules

(iii) One molecule of N2 contains 2 N

atoms.
No. of atoms = 2 3.011 1023 =
6.022 1023 atoms = 1 NA atoms.
Q12: One gram molecule H2O
contains how many moles of
molecules and number of
molecules?
Answer: 1 gram molecule H2O = 1
mol of molecule H2O = 6.022 1023
molecules of H2O
Q13: How many moles of
molecule are present in 15g of
C2H4 (ethylene). Given atomic
mass of C = 12.0 amu and of H =
1.0 amu.

Answer: Molecular mass of C2H4 = 2

12.0 amu + 4 1.0 amu = 24 + 4 =
28amu
Molar mass of C2H4 = 28 g mol-1
No. of moles of molecule C2H4 =
mass molar mass = 15 28 =
0.536 mol.
Q14: Calculate number of bromide
ions in 3 moles of mercury(II)
bromide.
Answer: Mercury(II) bromide (HgBr2)
in ionic form in an aqueous solution
is
HgBr2 Hg+2 + 2Br-1
1 molecule of HgBr2 contains 2 Br-1
ions.

 1 mol of HgBr2 contains 2 mol Br-1

ions.
3 molecule of HgBr2 contains (23)
= 6 Br-1 ions. = 6 6.022 1023 =
1.807 1024 ions
Q15: What is Molar Volume?
Answer: One mole of any gas
contains 22.4 liters at N.T.P or S.T.P.
(0C and 1atm/760 mm of Hg), the
volume is called molar volume of
standard molar volume. For
molecular gases (e.g. CH4), it is
expressed as gram molecular
volume and for atomic gases (e.g.
He gas), it is expressed as gram
atomic volume.

e.g. One mol of CH4 = 22.4 litres at

STP gram molecular volume = 1
gram molecule of CH4
= 6.022 1023 molecules of CH4 =
16g of CH4
Mole in terms of molar volume, at
STP
No. of Moles = Volume of gas (dm3) 22.4 (dm3 mol-1)

Q16: What is the volume in litres

at S.T.P. of 3 moles of hydrogen
sulfide H2S gas?
Answer: At S.T.P., 1 mole = 22.4
litres molar volume
3 moles = 3 22.4 = 67.21 litres of

Hydrogen Sulphide (H2S).

Q17: A balloon is filled with He
gas at N.T.P. The volume of the
balloon is 2.24 dm3, find the
amount of He gas in terms of
moles is present.
Answer: At N.T.P., 22.4 dm3 contains
1 mol of Helium gas.
2.24 dm3 will have = 2.24 1/ 22.4 =
0.1 mol.
Q18: Calculate the molar mass of
glucouse (C6H12O6).
Answer:

Atomic mass of C = 12u

Atomic mass of H = 1 u
Atomic mass of O = 16 u
No. of C atoms glucouse = 6
No. of H atoms glucouse = 12
No. of O atoms glucouse = 6
Molar mass of glucouse = 6 12 +
12 1 + 6 16 = 180g
1 mole or 6.022 1023 molecules
of glucouse (C6H12O6) weighs = 180g
Q19: A 12.0 g sample of gas
occupies 19.2 L at STP. What is
the molecular weight of this gas?

Answer: According to Avagadro's

law, at n.t.p. 1 molar volume of gas =
22.4 L
At n.t.p. 19.2 L gas weighs = 12.0 g
At n.t.p. 22.4 L gas weighs = 12.0 x
22.4 /19.2 = 14.0g / mol
Q20(NCERT): Calculate the
molecular mass of the following:
(i) H2O
(ii) CO2
(iii) CH4
Answer:
Molecular mass is the sum of atomic
masses of the elements present in a
molecule. It is obtained by

multiplying the atomic mass of each

element by the number of its atoms
and adding them together.
(i) Molecular mass of Water (H2O) =
(2 Atomic mass of H) + (1 Atomic
mass of Oxygen)
= 2 1.008u + 1 16.00u = 2.016 u
+ 16.00 u = = 18.016 u = 18.02 u
(ii) Molecular mass of CO2 = (1
Atomic mass of C ) + (2 Atomic
mass of O)
= 1 12.011u + 2 16.00u = =
12.011 u + 32.00 u = 44.01 u
(iii) Molecular mass of CH4 = (1
Atomic mass of C ) + (4 Atomic
mass of H)

= 1 12.011u + 4 1.008u = =
12.011 u + 4.032 u = 16.043 u
Q21 : How much copper can be
obtained from 100 g of copper
sulphate (CuSO4)?
Answer: 1 mole of CuSO4 contains =
1 mole of Cu + 1 mol of S + 4 moles
of O.
Molar mass of CuSO4 = (63.5g) +
(32.00g) + 4(16.00g)
= 63.5 + 32.00 + 64.00 = 159.5 g
(NCERT)

Since, 1 mole of CuSO4 contains 1

mole of Copper.
159.5 g of CuSO4 contains 63.5 g
of copper.
100g of CuSO4 will have Cu = (63.5

 100) / 159.5 = 39.81g

Q22 : What will be the mass of
one 12C atom in g?
Answer: 1 mole of carbon atoms =
6.022 1023 atoms of carbon
= 12 g of carbon
Mass of one 12C atom = 12 6.022
1023 = 1.994 10-23 g
(NCERT)

Q23 ( ): Calculate the number of

atoms in each of the following
(i) 52 moles of Ar
(ii) 52 u of He
(iii) 52 g of He.
NCERT

Answer:
(i) 1 mole of Ar = 6.022 1023 atoms
of Ar

52 mol of Ar = 52 6.022 1023

atoms of Ar
= 3.131 1025 atoms of Ar
(ii) 1 atom of He = 4 u of He
4 u of He = 1 atom of He
1 u of He atom of He = 1/4 atoms of
He
52u of He atom of He = 52 1/4 =
13 atoms of He
(iii) 4 g of He = 6.022 1023 atoms of
He
52 g of He atoms of He = 6.022
1023 52 / 4 = 7.8286 1024 atoms
of He