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Appenendix Final

The document provides data on waiting times in minutes for 3,000 drivers passing through a toll plaza. It includes the frequency of drivers that waited within different time intervals. It asks to construct a less than cumulative frequency and cumulative relative frequency distribution, and determine what percentage of drivers waited more than 4 minutes and more than 8 minutes based on the ogive. The solution provides the requested distributions and calculations, showing that 30.1% of drivers waited more than 4 minutes and 49.4% waited more than 8 minutes.

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MM Fakhrul Islam
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147 views

Appenendix Final

The document provides data on waiting times in minutes for 3,000 drivers passing through a toll plaza. It includes the frequency of drivers that waited within different time intervals. It asks to construct a less than cumulative frequency and cumulative relative frequency distribution, and determine what percentage of drivers waited more than 4 minutes and more than 8 minutes based on the ogive. The solution provides the requested distributions and calculations, showing that 30.1% of drivers waited more than 4 minutes and 49.4% waited more than 8 minutes.

Uploaded by

MM Fakhrul Islam
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 10

Part-2

Problem:
2-75
Jeanne Moreno is analyzing the waiting times for cars passing through a large
expressway toll plaza that is serially clogged and accident-prone in the morning.
Information was collected on the number of minutes that 3,000 consecutive drivers
waited in line at the tollgates:
Minutes of waiting
less than 1
1-2.99
3-4.99
5-6.99
7-8.99
a)
b)

Frequency
75
183
294
350
580

Minutes of waiting
9-10.99
11-12.99
13-14.99
15-16.99

frequency
709
539
164
106

Construct a less than cumulative frequency and cumulative relative frequency


distribution.
Construct an ogive based on part (a). What percentage of the drivers had to wait
more than 4 minutes in line? 8 minutes?

Solution :
2-75
(a)

Less than Cumulative frequency and cumulative relative frequency distribution:

Minutes of
waiting
less than 1
1-2.99
3-4.99
5-6.99
7-8.99
9-10.99
11-12.99
13-14.99
15-16.99

Frequency (f)

75
183
294
350
580
709
539
164
106
fi=3000

Relative
Frequency
(R.f)
0.025
0.061
0.098
0.117
0.193
0.2363
0.1797
0.0547
0.0353
rf=1

Cumulative
Frequency
(C.F)
75
258
552
902
1482
2191
2730
2894
3000

Cumulative
Relative
frequency
(C.R.F)
0.025
0.086
0.184
0.301
0.494
0.7303
0.91
0.9647
1

Part- 3
Problem:
3-97 A psychologists wrote a computer program to simulate the way a person
responds to a standard IQ test. To test the program, he gave the computer 15
different forms of a popular IQ test and computed its IQ from each form.
IQ Values
134
143
146

136
144
146

137
144
147

138
145
148

138
146
153

(a) Calculate the mean and standard deviation of the IQ scores.


(b) According to Chebyshevs theorem, how many of the values should be
between 132.44 and 153.56? How many are actually in that interval?
Solution:
IQ Values (x)
134
136
137
138
138
143
144
144
145
146
146
146
147
148
153
x = 2145

(x- x )
-9
-7
-6
-5
-5
0
1
1
2
3
3
3
4
5
10

(x- x ) 2
81
49
36
25
25
0
1
1
4
9
9
9
16
25
100
(x- x ) 2 = 390

(a) Here,
No of forms n =15
So, Mean = x/n = 2145/15 = 143
We know that,
Sample variance s2 = (x-) 2 (n 1) = 390/(15-1)= 390/14= 27.86

So, standard deviation s = s2 = 27.86 = 5.28


(b) here,
We can not determine the shape of the distribution or it will be a negatively
skewed distribution.
Now,
Standard score z1 = (x1- )/ s = (132.44 143)/ 5.28 = -10.56/5.28 = -2
Again, z2 = (x2 )/s = (153.56 -143)/5.28 = 10.56/5.28 = 2
According to Chebyshevs theorem for any distribution at least 75% of the values
should lie within 2 standard score.
So, values within 132.44 153.56 = 1575% = 11.25 11 values
Actual value calculation:
Corresponding area for 2 = 0.4772
So, Total corresponding area = 0.4772 + 0.4772 = 0.9544
That is actually (150.9544) = 14.316 14 values should lie within 132.44-153.56.
But from our visualization we can see that all the values are lying in this area.

Part-4
4-37

Problem: During a study of auto accidents, the Highway Safety Council found that 60
percent of all accidents occur at night, 52 percent are alcohol-related, and 37 percent
occur at night and are alcohol-related.

(a) What is the probability that an accident was alcohol-related, given that it occurred at
night?
(b) What is the probability that an accident occurred at night, given that it was alcoholrelated?

Solution: Let,
Event A: The accidents are alcohol-related.

Event N: The accidents occur at night.

(a) P (An accident was alcohol-related, given that it occurred at night)


= P (A/N)
P (AN)
=
P (N)
.37
=
.60
=0.616666666

Here, P= Probability.
Given that,
Probability that the accident is alcohol-related
and occur at night = 37%= 0.37.
Probabilities that the accident is occurred at night
= 60% = 0.6.
P (AB)
we know that, P (A/B) =
P (B)

= 61.66666667%.
=61.6666%.

Ans: The probability that an accident was alcohol-related, given that it occurred at night
is 61.67%.

(b) P (An accident occurred at night, given that it was alcohol-related)

= P (N/A)

Here, P = Probability.
P (AB)

P (AN)

we know that, P (A/B) =

P (B)
P (A)
Given that,
.37
=

Probability that the accident is alcohol-related


.52
and occur at night = 37%= 0.37.

Probability that the accident is alcohol-related


= 0.711538461.
= 52% = 0.52.
= 71.15384615%.
= 71.1538%

Ans: The probability that an accident occurred at night, given that it was alcohol-related
is 71.15%.

Part-5
Problem
12-23 In economics, the demand function for a product is often estimated by regressing
the quantity sold (Q) on the price (P). The bamsy company is trying to estimate the
demand function for its new dollMaam, and has collected the following data:
P
Q

20.0
125

17.5
156

16.0
183

14.0
190

12.05
212

(a) Plot this data.


(b) Calculate the least square regression line.
(c) Draw the fitted regression line on your plot form part (a).

a)
In our requirement;
Price (P) is the independent variable (X) &
Quantity (Q) is the dependent variable (Y).
So, we plot Y to the vertical axis&
X to the horizontal axis.

b)
We know, least square regression line = a + bX
Where,

10.0
238

8.0
250

6.5
276

b=
a=

XY n X Y
X nX
2

Y- b X

b it is useful summery to measure of relationship. The b value is slope coefficient of the line
representing the changes in the estimated value of the dependent variable (Y) for a unit change in the
independent variable (X). Here a is the Y intercept.

XY

X2

20
17.5
16
14
12.05
10
8
6.5

125
156
183
190
212
238
250
276

2500
2730
2928
2660
2554.6
2380
2000
1794

400
306.25
256
196
145.203
100
64
42.25

X=104.05
X=13.00625

b=

Y=1630

XY=19546.6 X2=1509.703

Y=203.75

XY-nXY
X2-nX2

= (19546.6 8*203.75*13.00625)

/(1509.703-8*13.006252)

=(19546.6-21200.1875)/156.4027
= -1653.5875 / 156.4027
= -10.5726
a =Y-bX
a =203.75-(-10.5726)*13.00625
=341.2606881
Least square regression line =341.2607-10.5757*X

Answer (c)
For drawing Regression line we need at least two point:
Let, X=5

& X=25

Y=341.2607-10.5757*5 =288.40
Y=341.2607-10.5757*25 =75
Co-ordinate of the two point of regression line is (5 , 288.40) & (25 , 75)

Part-6
Problem:
12-31 Bank of Lincoln is interested in reducing the amount of time people spend
waiting to see a personal banker. The bank is interested in the relationship between
waiting time (Y) in minutes and the number of bankers on duty (X). customers were
randomly selected with the data given below:
X
Y

2
3
5
12.8 11.3 3.2

4
6.4

2
6
11.6 3.2

1
8.7

3
4
10.5 8.2

3
3
11.3 9.4

2
4
12.8 8.2

(a) Calculate the regression equation that best fits the data.
(b) Calculate the sample coefficient of determination and the sample coefficient of
correlation.
Solution:
We know that,
Best fitting regression equation, = a + bX
Where,
a = Y- intercept for the regression line
b = slope of the regression line
Also,
b = (XY n)/ (x2-n2)
And, a = -b
Here,
X = values of the independent variables
Y = values of the dependent variables
= mean of the values of independent variables
= mean of the values of dependent variables

X
2
3
5
4
2
6
1
3
4
3
3
2
4
X=42

Y
12.8
11.3
3.2
6.4
11.6
3.2
8.7
10.5
8.2
11.3
9.4
12.8
8.2
Y=107.6

XY
25.6
33.9
16
25.6
23.2
19.2
8.7
31.5
32.8
33.9
28.2
25.6
32.8
XY=337

X2
4
9
25
16
4
36
1
9
16
9
9
4
16
2
X =158

Y2
163.84
127.69
10.24
40.96
134.56
10.24
75.69
110.25
67.24
127.69
88.36
163.84
67.24
2
Y =1187.84

Number of data points n = 13


a) = X/ n = 42/13 = 3.23
= Y/ n = 107.6 /13 = 8.28
By substitution,
b = {337-13(3.23) (8.28)} {158-13(3.23)2}
= (337-347.6772) (158-135.6277)
= -10.6772/22.3723
= -0.4772
So b = -0.4772
a = 8.28 - (-0.4772) (3.23)
= 8.28+1.5413
= 9.8213
Thus = 9.8213 - 0.4772X = 9.8213 - 0.4772 (Bankers on duty)
b) Sample coefficient of determination
r2 = [aY + b XY- n 2] [Y2 - n 2]
= [9.8213(107.6) + (-0.4772) (337) 13 (8.28)2] [1187.84-13 (8.28)2]
= [1056.77-160.82-891.26] [1187.84-891.26]
= 4.69/ 296.58
= 0.0158
That is r2 = 0.0158
So sample coefficient of correlation,
r = r2 = 0.0158 = 0.1257
NOTE: Here is used for denoting x-bar and is used for denoting y-bar.

Part-7
Indices
16-63 A national shopping survey was conducted to study the average weekly buying
habits of a typical family in 1992 and 1996. The data collected are as follows:

1992

1996

Items
Unit Price Quantity Unit Price
2

Quantity

Cheese [8 Oz]

1.19

2.09

Bread [1loaf]

.79

1.09

Eggs [1doz]

.84

1.35 1

Milk [1gal]

1.36

2.39

Calculate a Paasche index for 1996 using 1992 as the base period.

Solution :
We know that, Paasche Index

PQ
P Q
i

100

Here, P
i Price of the current year [1996]
Po Price of the base year [1992]
Qi Price of the current year [1996]

Po

Qi

Pi

Pi Qi

Po Qi

1.19

2.09

2.09

1.19

.79

1.09

3.27

2.37

.84

1.35

1.35

.84

1.36

2.39

4.78

2.78

Pi Qi 11.49

PoQi7.12
.72

PQ
P Q
i

100

11.49
100
7.12

=161.3764

So, average weekly buying habit in 1996 is 161.3764.

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