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Substation Earthing

This document contains calculations for the design of an earthing grid for a substation. It includes input parameters like fault current, soil resistivity, and earthing system details. It then calculates values like symmetrical grid current, ground potential rise, mesh voltage and step voltage. Diagrams of measured soil resistance versus probe spacing and resistivity versus probe spacing are also included. The design is verified by checking that the mesh and step voltages are below tolerable touch and step voltage limits. Equations used in the calculations are also listed.

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Navneet Singh
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291 views

Substation Earthing

This document contains calculations for the design of an earthing grid for a substation. It includes input parameters like fault current, soil resistivity, and earthing system details. It then calculates values like symmetrical grid current, ground potential rise, mesh voltage and step voltage. Diagrams of measured soil resistance versus probe spacing and resistivity versus probe spacing are also included. The design is verified by checking that the mesh and step voltages are below tolerable touch and step voltage limits. Equations used in the calculations are also listed.

Uploaded by

Navneet Singh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SUBSTATION

CONTRACT NO.
TENDER NO.
PROJECT
REVISION

Probe Spacing A
(m)
0.31
0.92
1.52
4.57
6.10
9.15
15.24
21.34
27.44
33.54
39.63
45.73

SUBSTATION EARTHING GRID DESIGN CALCULATION


PMU 275/132/33kV SHAH ALAM SEKSYEN 18 GIS

DATE

Depth of Probe D = A/20 (m)

0.02
0.05
0.08
0.23
0.30
0.46
0.76
1.07
1.37
1.68
1.98
2.29

Measured Resistance R () Apparent Resistance


= 2AR m
29.73
15.33
9.97
3.85
3.15
2.49
1.90
1.56
1.32
1.15
1.01
0.90

56.98
88.15
95.48
110.64
120.71
143.11
182.01
209.21
227.60
242.36
251.55
258.64

Measured Resistance vs Probe Spacing


35.00

30.00

Resistance W

25.00

20.00

15.00

10.00

5.00

0.00
0.00

5.00

10.00

15.00

20.00

25.00

30.00

35.00

40.00

45.00

50.00

45

50

Probe Spacing (m)

Soil Resistivity vs Probe Spacing


300

250

Resistivity Wm

200

150

100

50

0
0

10

15

20

25

Probe Spacing (m)

30

35

40

0
0

10

15

20

25

Probe Spacing (m)

30

35

40

45

50

SUBSTATION
CONTRACT NO.
TENDER NO.
PROJECT
REVISION

SUBSTATION EARTHING GRID DESIGN CALCULATION


PMU 275/132/33kV SHAH ALAM SEKSYEN 18 GIS

DATE

INPUT PARAMETER
Symmetrical Earth Fault Current, If

31,500.00 A

Duration of Shock Current, ts

0.50 sec

Duration of Fault Current, tf

3.00 sec

Soil Resistivity,

112.20 m

Fence Perimeter

0.00 m

Body Weight

50.00 kg

Decrement Factor (for determining IG), Df

1.00

Fault Current Divisional factor, Sf

0.70

Crushed Rock
Crushed Rock Resistivity, s
Thickness of Crushed Rock, hs

3,000.00 m
0.150 m

Earth Rod
Number of Earth Rod Point
Length of Earth Rod, Lr

165.00
1.80 m
3.00
891.00 m

Quantity of Earth Rod Buried For Each Rod Point


Total Length of Earth Rod Used, LR
Earth Grid Conductor
Cross Section Area of Earth Grid Conductor
Depth of Earth Grid Conductor Burial, h
Grid Reference Depth, ho
Earthing Area, A = Lx x Ly

Earth Grid Section Area, A


Peripheral Length of Earth grid, Lp = 2Lx +2 Ly

300.00 mm2
0.30 m
1.00 m
70.00 m
3.00 m
3.00 m
3,406.67 m
4,900.00 m2
280.00 m

Total Effective Length of Earthing Ssystem Conductor


Length of Earth Rod + Earth Grid, LT

4,297.67 m

Effective Buried Conductor Length, Ls

3,312.35 m

Spacing Between Parallel Conductor, D


Mesh Size of Earthing Grid, Dx x Dy
Total Length of Earth Grid Conductor, LC

70.00 m x
3.00 m x

SUBSTATION
CONTRACT NO.
TENDER NO.
PROJECT
REVISION

SUBSTATION EARTHING GRID DESIGN CALCULATION


PMU 275/132/33kV SHAH ALAM SEKSYEN 18 GIS

DATE

VERIFICATION OF EARTH GRID CONDUCTOR FAULT CURRENT WITHSTAND CAPACITY

SURFACE LAYER DERATING FACTOR, Cs


Surface Layer Derating Factor, Cs

0.78

TOLERABLE STEP VOLTAGE, Estep50


Tolerable Step Voltage For Body Weight 50kg, Estep50

3,330.81 V

TOLERABLE TOUCH VOLTAGE, Etouch50


Tolerable Touch Voltage For Body Weight 50kg, Etouch50

999.23 V

EARTH GRID RESISTANCE, Rg


Earth Grid Resistance, Rg

0.74

SYMMETRICAL GRID CURRENT, Ig


Ig = S f x If

22,050.00 A

MAXIMUM GRID CURRENT, IG


Maximum Grid Current, IG
IG = Df x Ig

22,050.00 A

GROUND POTENTIAL RISE, GPR


Ground Potential Rise, GPR = IG x Rg

16,232.91 V

GPR vs Etouch50
GPR
Etouch50

16,232.91 V
999.23 V
GPR > TOLERABLE TOUCH VOLTAGE

MESH VOLTAGE, EM
na
nb
nc
nd
n = na x nb x nc x nd

24.33
1.00
1.00
1.00
24.33

Ki
Kii
kh
Km
Em

4.25
1.00
1.14
0.35
770.48 V

EM vs Etouch50
EM
Etouch50

770.48 V
999.23 V
MESH VOLTAGE < TOLERABLE TOUCH
VOLTAGE, DESIGN OK

STEP VOLTAGE, Es
Es

2,324.48 V

Es vs Estep50
Es
Estep50

2,324.48 V
3,330.81 V
STEP VOLTAGE < TOLERABLE STEP
VOLTAGE, DESIGN OK

SUBSTATION EARTHING GRID DESIGN CALCULATION


SUBSTATION
PMU 275/132/33kV SHAH ALAM SEKSYEN 18 GIS
CONTRACT NO.
TENDER NO.
PROJECT
REVISION
DATE

Legend

s
A
Cs
d
Dm
Df
Em
Es
Estep50
Etouch50
h
hs
IG
Ig
kh
Ki
Kii
Km
Ks
n

Soil resistivity.
Surface layer resistivity.
Total area enclosed by earth grid.
Surface layer derating factor.
Diameter of grid conductor.
Maximum distance between any two points on the grid.
Decrement factor for determining IG.

Mesh voltage at the centre of the corner mesh for the simplified method.
Step voltage between a point above the outer corner of the grid and a point 1m diagonally outside the
grid for the simplified method.
Tolerable step voltage for human with 50kg body weight.
Tolerable touch voltage for human with 50kg body weight.
Depth of earth grid conductors.
Surface layer thickness.
Maximum grid gurrent that flows between earth grid and surrounding earth.
Symmetrical grid current.
Corrective weighting factor that emphasizes the effects of grid depth, simplified method.
Correction factor for grid geometry, simplified method.
Corrective weighting factor that adjusts for the effects of inner conductor on the corner mesh,
simplified method.
Spacing factor for mesh voltage, simplified method.
Spacing factor for step voltage, simplified method.
Geomatric factor composed of factors na, nb, nc and nd.

SURFACE LAYER DERATING FACTOR, Cs


Equation 27

TOLERABLE STEP VOLTAGE, Estep50

Equation 29

TOLERABLE TOUCH VOLTAGE, Etouch50

Equation 32

EARTH GRID RESISTANCE, Rg

Equation 52

SYMMETRICAL GRID CURRENT, Ig


Equation 65

MAXIMUM GRID CURRENT, IG


Equation 64

GROUND POTENTIAL RISE, GPR

Assumption Ig = IG

MESH VOLTAGE, EM

Equation 81
Equation 83

Equation 82

Equation 85

Equation 86

Equation 87

Equation 88

Equation 84

Equation 80 & Equation 91

STEP VOLTAGE, Es

Equation 89

Equation 93

Equation 94

Equation 92

EARTHING GRID DESIGN CALCULATION


ALAM SEKSYEN 18 GIS

nt above the outer corner of the grid and a point 1m diagonally outside the
d.

that emphasizes the effects of grid depth, simplified method.

that adjusts for the effects of inner conductor on the corner mesh,

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