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PHY103 MidSem Solutions

The document is the mid-semester examination for Physics II from the Department of Physics at IIT Kanpur for Semester II in 2015-16. It contains 5 solutions to problems worth various marks totaling 80 marks for the exam. The exam is 2 hours long. The solutions include calculations of electric field and potential using Gauss's law for different charge distributions, calculations of magnetic field using Ampere's law for current carrying wires, calculations of capacitance and electric field for two concentric cylinders with charge distributions, calculations of electric and magnetic dipole moments, and calculations involving the boundary conditions for electric and displacement fields at dielectric interfaces.

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Shreya
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109 views

PHY103 MidSem Solutions

The document is the mid-semester examination for Physics II from the Department of Physics at IIT Kanpur for Semester II in 2015-16. It contains 5 solutions to problems worth various marks totaling 80 marks for the exam. The exam is 2 hours long. The solutions include calculations of electric field and potential using Gauss's law for different charge distributions, calculations of magnetic field using Ampere's law for current carrying wires, calculations of capacitance and electric field for two concentric cylinders with charge distributions, calculations of electric and magnetic dipole moments, and calculations involving the boundary conditions for electric and displacement fields at dielectric interfaces.

Uploaded by

Shreya
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Department of Physics

IIT Kanpur, Semester II, 2015-16

Mid-Semester Examination

PHY103A: Physics II

Time: 2 Hours

Max Marks: 80

Solution 1: (10 Marks)


(r, , )
. The points (r, ) = (R/2, 0) and (r, ) = (R/2, ) are
0
the two points which are at a distance R/2 from the origin. Therefore, corresponding to the two points we
1
R2
1
R2
have E(r, , ) = (R/2)2 cos(0) =
and E(r, , ) = (R/2)2 cos() =
0
40
0
40
q
(b) The point charge is on the z-axis at z = d [see Fig. 1(a)]. Therefore, the potential at the origin is
. The
40 d
average potential over a sphere of radius R around the origin is then
I
I
1
1
q
V da =
da
4R2 sphere
4R2 sphere 40 r
I
1
q
1
=
da
4R2 40 sphere r
Z Z 2
1
q
1

=
R2 sin dd
2
2
2
4R 40 =0 =0 d + R 2dR cos
Z
q
sin

d
=
80 =0 d2 + R2 2dR cos

q 1 p 2

=
d + R2 2dR cos
80 dR
0
q 1
q
=
[(d + R) (d R)] =
(q.e.d.)
80 dR
40 d
(a) From Gausss law we have: E(r, , ) =

(c) Since the current in the wire is in the z-direction, the magnetic field both inside and outside the wire in the
radial direction would be zero.
direction [see Fig. 1(b)]. Making an Amperian loop
However, the field at a radial distance s would be in the
as shown in the figure and using Amperes law, we get for the magnetic field inside the wire:
I
0 Js
For s < a :
B dl = 0 Ienc

B 2s = 0 J s2

B=

2
Similarly, making an Amperial loop for s > a, we obtain
I
For s > a :
B dl = 0 Ienc

B 2s = 0 J a2

z
(a)
q

(b)
a

da

FIG. 1:

B=

0 Ja2

2s

Solution 2: (10 Marks)


(a) We have
Z

I
( B) da =

B dl = 0 Ienc = 0 I + 0 (I) = 0

(b) Suppose that for a length L, the charge on the left cylinder is Q and the charge on the right cylinder is Q
[see Fig. 2]. The electric field due to the left cylinder at a point s on the line joining the two cylinders is
Q

s. The total electric field E(s) at s is therefore,


20 Ls

Q
Q
Q
1
1
E(s) =

s=
+

s
20 Ls
20 L(d s)
20 L s d s
The potential difference between the two cylinders is therefore,
Z

da

V (d a) V (a) =

E dl
a

Z da
1
Q
1
+
ds
=
20 L a
s ds
da
Q

=
[ln(s) ln(d s)]
20 L
a
Q
=
[ln(d a) ln(a) ln(a) + ln(d a)]
20 L


Q
Q
da
Q
d
=
[2ln(d a) 2ln(a)] =
ln

ln
20 L
0 L
a
0 L
a
So, the capacitance C per unit length of this configuration is therefore given by C =

Q
=
|V |L

-Q

a
s
d
FIG. 2:

(c) The required radius can now be calculated as follows:


C=

0

d
ln
a

d
= e0 /C
a

a = de0 /C

We have C = 1.2 1012 F/m. d = 0.5 cm = 0.005 m.

3.14 8.85 1012


a = de0 /C = 0.005 exp
4.38 1013 m
1.2 1012

0

d
ln
a

Also for, C = 1.2 1011 F/m, d = 0.5 cm, and = 0.005 m.

3.14 8.85 1012


a = de0 /C = 0.005 exp
4.93 104 m
1.2 1011

Solution 3: (10 Marks)


(a) The electric potential is V (r) = q

er
er
+q
. Therefore, the electric field E(r) can be written as
r
2

er
er
E = V = q
+

r
r
r
2

r()er er
2 r
= q
e

r
r2
2

r
2
= qer 1 + r + r2
2
r2
The charge density (r) can be calculated by using the differential form of Gausss Law = 0 E. Using
the product rule for divergence, (f A) = f ( A) + A (f ), we obtain

2 2

r
2 2
r
r
= 0 E = 0 qe
1 + r + r
+ 0 q 2 e
1 + r + r
2
r2
r
2
Next, we use the properties of the Dirac-delta function and the formula for gradient in spherical coordinates
to get

r
2 2
r
0 qer 1 + r + r2
=

1
+
r
+
r
4 3 (r) = 0 q4 3 (r)
qe
0
2
r2
2

r
2

r
= 0 q 2
er 1 + r + r2
r
0 q 2 er 1 + r + r2
r
2
r r
2

r
2 2
r
r
2
= 0 q 2 e
1 + r + r + e
+ r
r
r
2
3 2

r
r r
= 0 q 2
e

r
r
2
3
= 0 q er
2

3
Therefore, we get = 0 q 4 3 (r) er .
2

0 m
r
(b) The magnetic dipole potential is given by Adip (r) =
. For for m = m
z, the magnetic dipole potential
4 r2
0 m sin
becomes Adip (r) =
. The magnetic field can therefore be written as:
4 r2
Bdip (r) = A
1
1
(sin A )
r
(rA )
=
sin
r r

0 m
=
2 cos
r + sin
4 r3

0 1

=
2m
cos

r
+
m
sin

4 r3

0 1

3m
cos

m
cos

r
+
m
sin

=
4 r3
i
0 1 h

=
3(m

r
)
r

(m

r
)
r

(m

)
4 r3
0 1
=
[3(m
r)
r m]
4 r3
4

(c) See Fig. 3. The total charge on the shaded ring is dq = (2R sin )Rd. The time it takes for the shell to
dq
make one complete revolution is dt = 2/. Therefore, the current in the ring is I =
= R2 sin d.
dt
Now, the area of this ring is (R sin )2 . Since the area is flat, the direction of the area of the ring as well as
the direction of the magnetic dipole moment due to this ring are in the z-direction. The magnitude of the
dipole moment due to this ring is dm = (R2 sin d)R2 sin2 . Now, since every ring element on this shell
has the magnetic dipole moment in the z-direction, the total magnetic dipole moment due to the spherical
shell is in the z-direction with the magnitude given by
Z
4
4
m = R
sin3 d = R4
3
0
Therefore, we have
m=

4
R4
z
3

The magnetic dipole potential outside the sphere is therefore


Adip (r) =

0 m
r
0 4
0 R4 sin
4 sin
R
=

4 r2
4 3
r2
3
r2

z
!

Rsin
Rd
R

FIG. 3:

Solution 4: (20 Marks)


(a)
I

Qenc
0
I
Qenc
E da =
0

for r < R :

E da =

for r < R :

4r3
0 3
4R3
E 4r2 =
0 3
E 4r2 =

r
30
R3
E=

r
30 r2

E=

(b) The potential energy W is given by

W =

0
2

=
=
=

E 2 d
all space

2 3 2
Z

R
2
2
r 4r dr +
4r2 dr
30
2 r=R 30
r2
r=0
#

2 "Z R
Z
1
0

4
r4 dr + R6
dr
2
2 30
r=0
r=R r

2 5

R
1
6
4
+R
2 30
5
R

2
5
0

6R
4
2 30
5
2 5
4 R
150

0
=
2
=

Z
Z

(c) Electric field follows the principle of superposition. So for calculating the electric field, the carved-out sphere
can be thought of consisting of the original sphere of radius R with charge density , centered at the origin,
plus a sphere of radius R/2 with charge density , centered at z = R/2. Now, the point z = R/2 is a point
inside the original sphere but is outside of the sphere of radius R/2. Therefore, we have

R
(R/2)3
E(z = R/2) =

r
30 2
30
R2

R
=

r
30 2
30 8

R
=

r
80
(d) The dipole moment of a uniformly charged sphere centered at origin is zero. Therefore, for points outside the
4 3
sphere of radius R, the system can be thought of as consisting of a point charge q1 =
R centered at the
3
3
4 R
centered at z = R/2. Therefore the dipole moment p of this
origin and another point charge q2 =
3 8
q
R
q
R
2
2
system is p = q1
0+

z=

z. The dipole potential at a point r is


2
2
Vdip =

p
r
1 q2 R cos
1 R cos 4 R3
R4 cos
=
=

40 r2
40 2r2
40 2r2 3 8
480 r2

Solution 5: (20 Marks)

(a)

(b)

e
e = 3e0

FIG. 4:

(a) See Fig. 4(a).


(i) We know that across a surface the parallel components of the electric field are continuous. This implies
that for x = 0+ , we have
Ey (0+ ) = Ey (0 ) = 2

and

Ez (0+ ) = Ez (0 ) = 3

We also know that the normal component of the electric displacement vector remains continuous if there
are no free surface charges. So, for x = 0+ , we have
Dx (0+ ) = Dx (0 )
0 Ex (0+ ) = Ex (0 )

Therefore we have:

0 Ex (0+ ) = 30 (1 x)

Ex (0+ ) = 3

x=0

E(0+ , y, z) = 3
x + 2
y + 3
z.

(ii) The polarization in the dielectric is given by


P = D 0 E = E 0 E = 30 E 0 E = 20 E = 20 (1 x)
x + 40 y
+ 60
z
The charge densities are therefore given by
Surface charge density :
Volume charge density :

b = P(x = 0, y, z) x
= 20
Px

b = P =
= 20 (1 x) = 20
x
x

Note: The part (i) of the above problem can also be solved by using the boundary condition on the normal
components of the electric field instead of the electric displacement vector. We find that
b
0
20
= (1 0) +
= 1 + 2 = 3.
0

Ex (0+ ) = Ex (0 ) +

(b) See Fig. 4(b).


(i) The system is spherically symmetric. So all the fields are going to be in the radial direction only. We know
that inside a metal E = D = 0; further, using the Gausss law for electric displacement and the relation

that D = E, we obtain
for r < a :

D=0

E = 0;

r
4r2
Q
D=

r
4r2

for a < r < b :

D=

for r > b :

r
4r2
Q
E=

r
40 r2
E=

The plots are shown below in Fig. 4.


(ii) The potential at the center of the metallic sphere is given by
Z

E dl =

Q
1
1
1
=
+

4 0 b a b

V =

E dl =

Q
dr
40 r2

a
b

Q
dr
4r2

D(r)

E(r)

0
a

E(r)

0
FIG. 5:

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