Powered by www.myengg.

com

11. DIFFERENTIATION
Synopsis :
1. Let f be a function defined in a neighbourhood of a real number a. Then f is said to be differentiable or
f ( x ) − f (a )
derivable at a if Lt exists. The limit is called the derivative or differential coefficient of f at a. It is
x →a x−a
denoted by fI(a).
f ( a + h) − f ( a )
2. If f is differentiable at a, then fI(a) = Lt .
h →0 h
3. Let f be a function defined on a neighbourhood of a real number a. Then f is said to be right differentiable at
f ( x ) − f (a )
a if Lt + exists. The limit is called the right derivative of f at a. It is denoted by fI(a + ).
x →a x−a
f ( x ) − f (a )
4. Similarly the left derivative of a function f at a is defined as fI(a−) = Lt − .
x →a x−a
5. Let f be a function defined on [a, b]. Then f is said to be differentiable on [a, b] if
i) f is differentiable at c where c ∈ (a, b)
ii) f is right differentiable at a
iii) f is left differentiable at b.
6. If a function f is differentiable at a, then f is continuous at a.
d
7. If c is a constant then {c } = 0.
dx
d
8. {x} = 1.
dx
d n
9. { x } = nx n −1 .
dx
d 1
10. { x} = .
dx 2 x
f(x) fI(x)
c∈R 0
x 1
x n; n ∈ N nxn−1
x n; n ∈ R nxn−1
ex ex
a x, a ∈ R + axloga
logx 1/x
|x| |x|/x, x≠0
log|x| 1/x
xx xx(1 + logx)
sinx cosx
cosx −sinx
tanx sec2x
cotx −cosec2x
secx secxtanx

Powered by www.myengg.com
 Powered by www.myengg.com

Derivatives
cosecx −cosecxcotx
–1
Sin x 1
1 − x2
Cos–1 x −1
1− x 2
Tan–1 x 1
1+ x 2
Cot–1 x −1
1+ x 2
Sec–1 x 1
| x | x2 − 1
Cosec–1 x −1
| x | x2 −1
Sinhx coshx
Coshx sinhx
Tanhx sech2x
Cothx −cosech2x
Sechx −sechxtanhx
Cosechx −cosechxcothx
–1
Sinh x 1
1+ x 2
Cosh–1 x 1
x2 −1
Tanh–1 x 1
(|x|<1)
1− x 2
Coth–1 x 1
(|x|>1)
1− x 2
Sech–1 x −1
| x | 1− x 2
Cosech–1 x −1
| x | x2 + 1

11.
d
{ } ⎡
f ( x ) g( x ) = f ( x ) g( x ) ⎢g( x )
f I (x) ⎤
+ gI ( x ) log f ( x )⎥
dx ⎣⎢ f ( x ) ⎦⎥

12.
d
dx
{ }
f ( x ) f ( x ) = f ( x ) f ( x ) [1 + log f ( x )]f I ( x )

dy y 2 f I (x) y 2 f I ( x)
= =
y
13. If y = f(x) , then
dx f ( x )[1 − y log f ( x )] f ( x )[1 − log y ]

Powered by www.myengg.com
 Powered by www.myengg.com

Derivatives
dy f I (x)
14. If y = f ( x ) + y , then = .
dx 2y − 1
1 dy y 2 f I ( x )
15. If y = f(x) + , then = 2
y dx y +1
dy ∂f ∂f
16. If f(x, y) = c is an implicit function, then =− / .
dx ∂x ∂y
17. If f(x + y) = f(x)f(y), ∀ x,y ∈ R and f(x) ≠ 0, f(a) = k, fI(0) exists, then fI(a) = kfI(0).
dy
18. If y = f ( x ) f ( x ) f ( x ).... , then = f I (x) .
dx
dy y
= .
m n m+n
19. If x y = (x + y) , then
dx x

Powered by www.myengg.com