UNP Research Journal

Vol. XIX

January-December 2010

151

The Effectiveness of the Extension Programs of the

University of Northern Philippines
School Year 20052008
Lauro B. Tacbas, Ph.D.
Mariana P. De Vera, Ed.D.
Necy Cesaria V. Romo, Ed.D.

Abstract
This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of the extension programs of the
University of Northern Philippines in the different adopted schools and communities in the
First and Second Districts of the Province of Ilocos Sur.
The respondents of the study were the administrators and clientele of the different
communities where programs and projects of the UNP Extension Services Office were being
implemented during the School Year 2005 2008, namely: Teppeng, Sinait; Guimod, San
Juan; Manzante, Magsingal; Lao-ingen, Lussoc and Sived, Sto. Domingo; San Vicente; Sta.
Catalina; Lidlidda; San Emilio; and Suyo in the Province of Ilocos Sur.
The study made used of the descriptive survey method of research to describe and
analyze the existing situation about the effectiveness of the extension programs of the
university.
In order to attain the objectives of the study, the following statistical tools were used:
mean, frequency count and percentages, standard deviation, and Pearson Product Moment of
Correlation.
On the basis of the findings, the researchers forwarded the following conclusions:
The administrative capability of the UNP Extension Services Office in terms of executive
leadership, personnel capability, and financial capability is High. The extent of
participation of the development partners in extension services and the extent of
152implementation
UNP Research
Journal
Vol.of
XIXthe UNP Extension
January-December
2010in terms of
of the
extension programs
Services Office
mission, goals and objectives and execution of the criteria in the selection of service area for
Extension Services Program (Adopt-a-Community and School Program) are also High.
Moreover, the program outputs of the UNP Extension Services Office in terms of Skills
Training, Information Drive, Medical/Dental Mission and Livelihood Organizations are
High
In terms of the economic and social impacts of the programs of the UNP Extension
Services Office, out of 188 respondents, 114 or 60.64 percent believed that they were not
employed as a result of the skills learned, only 74 or 39.36 percent believed to be employed.
Most (123 or 65.42%) of them perceived that their houses were not improved as a result of
the income derived from the income generated after the training. It can also be traced that
112 or 59.57 percent of the respondents believed that they were not able to buy appliances as
a result of the income generated from the employment as a result of the skills learned. On the
contrary, the respondents perceived that their social status have improved in terms of selfesteem, health and nutrition, and environment.
There is a significant relationship between the extent of implementation of the
program of the UNP Extension Services Office and administrative capability and

participation of development partners; level of program outputs and impact of the program
except for house and appliances.
Based on the findings and conclusions, the following recommendations were
presented by the researchers: The high level of administrative capability of the UNP
Extension Services Office in terms of executive leadership, personnel capability, and financial
capability; the extent of participation of the development partners in extension services; of the
extent of implementation of the extension programs of the UNP Extension Services Office in
terms of mission, goals and objectives and execution of the criteria in the selection of service
area for Extension Services Program (Adopt-a-Community and School Program); of program
outputs of the UNP Extension Services Office in terms of Skills Training, Information Drive,
Medical/Dental Mission and Livelihood Organizations should still be sustained or improved.
The economic and social impacts of the programs of the UNP Extension Services should also
be improved. For an intent periodic assessment of the effectiveness of the Extension Program
of the University of Northern Philippines, another study on the status of the Extension
Program focusing on the improvement of its role as development partners of the community
should be conducted.

The Effectiveness of the Extension Program of UNP, SY 2005-2008

153

Introduction
Background of the Study
Reaching out for a better living, is the motto of the Extension Services Office of the
University of Northern Philippines. This portrays its mission and vision that is to get in touch to those
less fortunate through provision of skills training; technology transfer and information drive that they
could live better and become partners of development.
All universities engage in research and teaching, but the nation's more than 100 land-grant
colleges and universities have a third critical missionextension. "Extension" means "reaching out,"
andalong with teaching and researchland-grant institutions "extend" their resources, solving
public needs with college or university resources through non-formal, non-credit programs.
The 5th agenda of the Tacbas administration is the intensification of the extension services
programs and activities bringing about total human development through the extension programs
geared towards the empowerment of the university clientele making them self-reliant, independent
and capacitated in the form of technology transfer such as trainings, workshops and seminars.
The UNP extension services cover a more comprehensive technology-based that leads
towards the total approach in its delivery system. Total Approach is an extensive delivery of
services which brings about the required knowledge, skills and when necessary the best practices and
material resources to the rural folk in their quest for an improved quality life.
Alongside with this package content in the implementation and delivery of extension services,
UNP give emphasis on three major components, namely:
1) research/technology
component; 2) change component; and 3) clientele/recipient component. These are essential
components that really spell an effective change in the economic productivity of the rural folk (Soria,
2006).

154

UNP Research Journal

Vol. XIX

January-December 2010

The extension programs of the university spearheaded by the Extension Office started its
noble vision by building, forming and organizing communities from the different municipalities of
Ilocos Sur and adjacent province like Abra. These are being accomplished through skills training and
technology transfer like: auto-mechanics trouble shooting, refrigeration and air conditioning, building
wiring and trouble shooting, basic welding and metal-craft, basic pottery and ceramics making,
carpentry, radio mechanics and cellphone repair, cosmetology and hair science, plumbing,
dressmaking and cloth bag making, food processing, baking and cooking, silk screen and streamer
printing, arts training, and basic and decorative candle making.
The University of Northern Philippines has been committed to pursue sustainable extension
programs through community development programs for the people of the Local Government Units
(LGUs) to improve their living conditions. The university appreciates the support of the LGU to this
endeavor though a collaborative partnership to bring a unified direction to improve the quality of life
in the depressed and underserved barangays. This is continuously implemented through the
coordination and collaboration with the LGU partner which is usually done through the Memorandum
of Agreement for the Adopt-A-Community and School Program.
The Extension Services Office has been offering and implementing different programs and
projects in the First and Second District of the Province of Ilocos Sur and neighboring provinces. It is
for this reason that the researchers wish to assess the effectiveness of the extension programs and
projects being implemented to adjust to the needs of the community people and in order to improve
them if found out to be poor or needs improvement.

Statement of the Problem

This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of the extension program of the University of
Northern Philippines in the different adopted schools and communities in the First and Second
Districts of the Province of Ilocos Sur.
Specifically, it sought to answer the following questions:
1. What is the level of administrative capability of the UNP Extension Services Office in
terms of:
a. leadership
capability,
The Effectiveness
of the Extension
Program of UNP, SY 2005-2008
155
b. personnel and staff capability, and
c. financial capability?
2. What is the extent of participation of the following development partners in extension
services:
a. local/barangay officials,
b. government agencies, and
c. community people?
3. What is the extent of implementation of the extension program of UNP, as perceived by
the administrators and clients in terms of:
a. level of attainment of objectives,
b. level of execution of the criteria in the selection of service area for extension services
program (adopt-a-community and school program)
4. What is the level of the program outputs of the UNP Extension Office in terms of:
a. Skills training,
b. Information drive,
c. Medical/Dental,
d. Supplemental Feeding, and
e. Livelihood organizations?
5. What are the economic and social impacts of the programs of the UNP Extension Office?

6. Is the implementation of the program of the UNP Extension Office significantly

influenced by the following:
a. administrative capability
b. participation of development partners?
7. Is there a significant relationship between the level of program outputs and impact of the
program?

Scope and Delimitation

This research dealt with the assessment of the effectiveness of the extension program of the
University of Northern Philippines in the different adopted communities in the Province of Ilocos Sur,
School Year 2005-2008.
This study also looked into the level of administrative capability of the UNP Extension Office
in terms of leadership capability, personnel and staff capability, and financial capability.
ItUNP
further
gazedJournal
into the extent ofVol.
participation
of the
following development
partners in
156
Research
XIX
January-December
2010
extension services like local/barangay officials, government agencies, and community people. The
extent of implementation of the extension program of UNP, as perceived by the administrators, unit
coordinators, extensionists, and clients was also studied. The level of the program outputs of the UNP
Extension Services Office were based on the Skills training, Information drive, Medical/Dental,
Supplemental Feeding and Livelihood organizations implemented. The economic and social impacts
of the programs of the UNP Extension Office were also determined.
The influence of administrative capability, participation of development partners, and
administrators, unit coordinators, extensionists, and clients and implementation of the program were
determined.
The study made used of the descriptive survey method of research to describe and analyze the
existing situation about the effectiveness of the extension programs of the university.
In order to attain the objectives of the study, the following statistical tools were used: mean,
frequency count and percentages, standard deviation, and Pearson Product Moment of Correlation.

Review of Related Literature

Studies related to the research work were the researchers guideposts in undertaking this
investigation. These were reviewed from unpublished theses, books and journals.
Contaoi (2003) studied the effectiveness of the extension program of the University of
Northern Philippines. Based on his findings, the level of executive leadership is very high due to the
ability of incumbent President to steer and influence the other officials under him. Personnel
capability is perceived at a high level only because there were times when some coordinators and
extensionists appear lukewarm in their job. Financial capability is also perceived to be at a high
level only because there is just enough budget for implementation. Among the programs, skills
training appear to be the most relevant as evidenced by a very high rating. On the other hand, the
relevance of information drive and livelihood organizations was only high because they seemed not to
be as productive and functional. Only a few clientele have been employed using the skills they
learned.
Buemio (2006) studied the Community Extension Program of Saint Paul College of Ilocos
Sur. The salient findings include the following: SPCIS is an institutional headed by an administrator

with a Very High Leadership capability; along executive leadership, the respondents, as evidence
by the, mean rating of 4.44, showed a Very High perception. Based on the findings, she concluded
The Effectiveness of the Extension Program of UNP, SY 2005-2008
157
that the school has a remarkable agenda along extension services as shown in the administrative
capability, the professional and personal characteristics of implementors, and in the participation of
development partners. The overall implementation of the program was significantly influenced by
administrative capability and executive leadership of having remarkable agenda along extension
services, clear goals and objectives, effective planning, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of
the program. The economic, socio-cultural, and personal aspects are significant factors in the overall
impact of the extension programs.
According to Duncan, et al (2000), reaching out has evolved into urban development. Truly,
neighborhood service today goes beyond merely giving dole-outs as what is practiced in some parts of
the world. A model for neighborhood social service has many more characteristics than localness.
Neighborhood service often respects and uses race and ethnicity as instrument for delivery. It does not
select among social classes, just like the school, it does not discriminate people who would like to
avail of the services.
Diem (2001) believed that a program that addresses the needs identified by the people
themselves tends to be more effective in eliciting peoples participation. It follows that any program
must recognize the value of the peoples participation starting from the conceptualization phase. This
is done by undertaking a community study that would explore the actual concerns of the people.
These in turn must be translated into a workable program or project responsive to the identified needs
or concerns.
The study is quite similar to the theses of Contaoi (2003) and Buemio (2006) in that the two
researches studied the effectiveness of the Extension Program. However, it will go deeper into the
program output.
From the different studies, with their many shade and tones primarily about the effectiveness
of the extension program, the present study shaped into its final form.

Methodology
This section includes the research design, population of the study, data gathering instrument,
and statistical treatment.
Research Design. The study made used of the descriptive survey method of research. This
was used to describe and analyze the existing situation about the effectiveness of the extension
programs of the university.
Population and Sample. Different municipalities/communities were given questionnaires.
For all these communities, they were given the same numbers of questionnaires. Only the retrieved
questionnaires were used in this study. The following table shows the distribution of the
158
UNP Research
Journal
Vol. XIX
January-December 2010
questionnaires
to each respondent:

Table 1. Distribution of the Respondents

Communities
Teppeng, Sinait
Guimod, San Juan
Manzante, Magsingal

Administrators
n
N
10
5
10
5
10
5

Clientele
n
N
20
15
20
10
20
12

Overall
N
30
30
30

n
20
15
17

Lao-ingen, Sto. Domingo

Lussoc, Sto, Domingo
Sived, Sto. Domingo
San Ildefonso
San Vicente
Sta. Catalina
Lidlidda
San Emilio
Suyo
Overall

5
5
5
10
10
10
10
10
10
105

5
5
5
5
0
5
10
0
10
60

20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
240

15
13
12
18
10
15
15
0
16
151

25
25
25
30
30
30
30
30
30
345

20
18
17
23
10
20
25
0
26
211

Data Gathering Instrument. The principal device that was used by the researchers in this
study is a survey questionnaire which was adopted from the studies of Contaoi (2003) and Buemio
(2004). A slight revision and modification of these instruments were made.
The questionnaire used in gathering the information needed in this study made up of four
parts. The respondents were required to answer on a five-point scale.
The information regarding the participation of development partners, the level of
administrative capability of the program implementers and the extent of implementation of the
programs were gathered also. The following five-point rating scale was used.
5
4
3
2
1

Very High
High
Moderate
Low
Very Low

To determine the level of participation of development partners, the level of administrative

capability of the program implementers and the extent of implementation of the programs were
The Effectiveness of the Extension Program of UNP, SY 2005-2008
159
gathered also. The following norms were used

Range of Scores

Descriptive Rating

4.20 5.00
3.40 4.19
2.60 3.39
1.80 2.59
1.00 2.59

Very High
High
Moderate
Low
Very Low

Statistical Treatment. Mean and standard deviation were used to describe the level of
administrative capability, extent of participation, and level of program outputs of the UNP Extension
services.
Pearson Product Moment of Correlation was used to determine the relationship between
administrative capability and program outputs.

Results and Discussion

The data gathered were presented in tabular form, analyzed and interpreted in this section.

Level of Administrative Capability of the UNP Extension Office in terms of Leadership

Capability, Personnel and Staff Capability, and Financial Capability
Table 2 shows the item mean ratings and standard deviation showing the administrative
capability of the UNP Extension Services Office in terms of executive leadership.
It can be traced on the table that the overall mean rating is 4.02 (SD= 0.95) and described as
High by the respondents. This could only mean that the respondents regarded the UNP Extension
Services Office as High in terms of executive leadership.
The item The University has a remarkable agenda along extension, got the highest mean
rating of 4.26 (SD=0.87) and interpreted as Very High. On the other hand, item The officials
initiate
the organization
of the graduates Vol.
into XIX
functional associations
and their 2010
registration with the
160
UNP
Research Journal
January-December
SEC, with a mean rating of 3.90 (SD=0.98) and still fell on a High rating tend to be the lowest
among the indicators. This implies that, some of the organizations formed were not registered in the
Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and maybe these organizations did not materialize.
Table 2. Item Mean Ratings Showing the Level of Administrative Capability of the UNP
Extension Services Office in Terms of Executive Leadership
Indicators
1. The University has a remarkable
agenda along extension.
2. The goals and objectives of
extension are clearly stated and
understood.
3. The Extension officials supervise the
implementation of the plans and
programs.
4. The Extension officials monitor and
evaluate the conduct of the
extension programs to the clientele.
5. The extension office is able to
implement its plans and programs.
6. The administration has remarkable
ability to forge linkages with the
LGUs national line agencies and
civil society.
7. The officials initiate the organization
of the graduates into functional
associations and their registration
with the SEC.
8. The officials look for ways and
means with which to secure seed
capital for the associations.
Overall
Legend: VH
=
Very High
H
=
High

Administrators
SD
DR
4.24 0.82 VH

Clientele
SD
DR
4.28 0.92 VH

Overall
SD
DR
4.26 0.87 VH

4.13

0.92

4.02

0.94

4.07

0.93

4.07

1.05

3.93

1.02

4.02

1.03

3.98

1.05

3.95

0.93

3.96

0.99

4.07

0.90

3.99

1.01

4.03

0.95

4.04

0.94

3.86

0.96

3.95

0.95

3.87

0.98

3.93

0.98

3.90

0.98

3.85

1.04

4.17

0.87

4.01

0.95

4.04

0.96

4.01

0.95

4.02

0.95

Table 3 depicts item mean ratings and standard deviation showing the administrative
capability of the UNP Extension Services Office in terms of personnel capability.
It can be gleaned from the table that the overall mean rating is 4.02 (SD= 0.99) and described
as High by the administrators and clientele. This signifies that the respondents perceived the level

The Effectiveness of the Extension Program of UNP, SY 2005-2008

161
of administrative capability of the UNP Extension Services Office as high in terms of personnel
capability.

Table 3. Item Mean Ratings Showing the Level of Administrative Capability of the UNP
Extension Services Office in Terms of Personnel Capability
Indicators
1. The extensionists possess required
educational attainment and training fit
for the job
2. They establish good rapport wit the
clientele.
3. They initiate new ideas for the
development of the associations.
4. They have good and facilitation skills.
5. They meet their classes regularly.
6. They monitor and evaluate their
classes.
Overall
Legend:
H
=
High

Administrators
SD
DR
4.11 0.94
H

Clientele
SD
DR
4.17 0.87
H

Overall
SD
DR
4.14 0.90
H

4.07

1.05

4.01

0.93

4.04

0.99

4.04

1.04

4.00

0.98

4.02

1.01

4.05
4.05
4.00

1.04
1.11
1.00

H
H
H

3.93
3.91
3.98

1.00
0.99
1.01

H
H
H

3.99
3.98
3.99

1.02
1.05
1.00

H
H
H

4.05

1.03

4.00

0.96

4.02

0.99

The item The extensionists possess required educational attainment and training fit for the
job, got the highest mean rating of 4.14 (SD=0.90) and interpreted as High. This means that the
trainors who are sent for the skills training are well-trained and have mastered the skills and that they
can teach their trainees very well because they possess the quality of an effective trainer. On the other
hand, item They meet their classes regularly, with a mean rating of 3.98 (SD=1.05) and still fell on
a High rating. This implies that, there are days where in the trainors could not meet their official
time due to some unavoidable circumstances. This maybe the reason why the respondents rated this
item to be the lowest among the items in this indicator.
Table 4 represents item mean ratings and standard deviation showing the administrative
capability of the UNP Extension Services Office in terms of financial capability.
It can be observed on the table that the level of administrative capability of the UNP
Extension Services Office in terms of financial capability is High as supported by the overall mean
rating of 3.85.
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UNP Research Journal
Vol. XIX
January-December 2010

Table 4. Item Mean Ratings Showing the Level of Administrative Capability of the UNP Extension
Services Office in Terms of Financial Capability
Indicators
1. The budget for the extension
programs is adequate
2. Training funds for the clientele are
sufficient
3. The funds are properly utilized.
Overall
Legend:
H
=
High

Administrators
SD
DR
4.05
0.98
H

Clientele
SD
DR
3.81 1.05
H

Overall
SD
DR
3.93 1.01
H

3.78

0.90

3.71

1.01

3.74

0.95

3.82
3.88

0.98
0.95

H
H

3.95
3.82

1.01
1.02

H
H

3.88
3.85

0.99
0.98

H
H

The item The budget for the extension programs is adequate, obtained the highest mean
rating of 3.93 (SD=1.01) and interpreted as High. This means that there is a sufficient budget for the
programs being implemented. Nevertheless, item Training funds for the clientele are sufficient, with
a mean rating of 3.74 (SD=0.95) and still fell on a High rating. This implies that, sometimes the
clientele/trainees have no enough budgets for the training especially if they are required to have their
return demonstration. It is their task to buy their own ingredients or materials used for the
demonstration. This maybe the reason why the respondents perceived this item to be the lowest
among the items in this indicator.
Table 5 signifies the summary of the item mean ratings and standard deviation showing the
extent of participation of the development partners in extension services.

Table 5. Summary of Item Mean Ratings Showing the Level of Administrative

Capability of the UNP Extension Services Office
Indicators

Administrators
SD
DR
4.03 0.96
H
4.05 1.03
H
3.88 0.95
H
3.99 0.98
H

Leadership Capability
Personnel Capability
Financial Capability
Overall
Legend:
H
=
High

Clientele
SD
4.01 0.95
4.00 0.96
3.82 1.01
3.94 0.97

Overall
SD
DR
4.02 0.95
H
4.02 0.99
H
3.85 0.98
H
3.96 0.97
H

DR
H
H
H
H

The Effectiveness of the Extension Program of UNP, SY 20052008

163

It can be traced in the table that the overall administrative capability of the UNP Extension
Services Office as perceived by the respondents is high as backed up by the overall mean rating of
3.96 (SD=0.97). This means that the UNP Extension Services Offices administrative capability when
programs and projects are being initiated and implemented tend to be useful and functional as rated by
the respondents.
The Extent of Participation of the Local/Barangay Officials, and Government Agencies
Development Partners in Extension Services
Table 6. Item Mean Ratings Showing the Level of Participation of the Development Partners in
the Implementation of the UNP Extension Program
Indicators
A. Barangay Officials
1. They enter into Memorandum of Agreement with
the UNP-Extension Services Office.
2. They attend orientation seminars and related
programs and activities conducted by extension
staff.
3.
They help facilitate extension services by
informing residents about meetings and other
extension related activities.
B. Government
1. Government agencies enter into an agreement
with the UNP-Extension Services Office.
2. They help for extension services by providing
manpower when needed to discharge extension
services.
3. They provide the extension office pertinent
documents needed to facilitate better extension
service.
C. Nongovernment Agencies.
1. Non-government organizations and agencies
enter into an agreement with the UNP-Extension
Services Office.

Administrators
SD
DR

Clientele
SD

DR

Overall
SD

DR

4.27

0.91

VH

4.13

1.00

4.20

0.95

4.00

0.98

3.87

1.03

3.93

1.00

4.07

0.98

3.87

1.12

3.97

1.05

3.95

0.97

3.84

0.99

3.89

0.98

3.80

1.06

3.83

0.95

3.81

1.00

3.87

1.00

3.75

0.96

3.81

0.98

3.84

0.98

3.57

1.08

3.70

1.03

2.

They help for extension services by providing

manpower when needed to discharge extension
service.
3. They provide the extension office pertinent
documents needed to facilitate better extension
services.
D. Community People
1. UNP-Extension Services Office conducts
information seminars and other forms of
extension related programs and activities.
2. They provide an amount or any materials for
extension services.
3. They participate in seminars, programs and
activities conducted by extension staff.
Overall

3.80

1.01

3.54

1.11

3.67

1.06

3.89

0.99

3.59

1.13

3.74

1.06

4.16

0.83

3.81

0.95

3.98

0.89

3.96

0.94

3.75

0.96

3.85

0.95

4.00

0.90

4.35

0.55

4.17

0.72

3.97

0.96

3.82

0.98

3.89

0.97

Legend:
VH
=
Very High

164

UNP Research Jo
H
=

High

I
t can be
examin
ed on the table that the overall mean rating of the extent of participation of the different partners in
extension services is 3.89 (SD= 0.97) and described as High by the respondents. They understand
that there are also agencies which helped the university in managing the programs.
The item They enter into Memorandum of Agreement with the UNP-Extension Services
Office, obtained the highest mean rating of 4.20 (SD=0.95) and interpreted as High. This means
that the respondents are aware that before the program is being administered in the locality, they come
into a Memorandum of Agreement. However, item They help for extension services by providing
manpower when needed to discharge extension service, with a mean rating of 3.67 (SD=1.06) and
still fell on a High rating is the lowest. This implies that, sometimes the development partners do
not offer manpower or assistance when there are extension projects being administered. This could be
the reason why the respondents perceived this item to be the lowest among the items in this table.
Table 7 presents the item mean ratings and standard deviation showing the extent of
implementation of the extension programs of the UNP Extension Services Office.
It can be traced on the table that the overall mean rating of this indicator is 3.93 (SD= 0.93)
and described as High by the respondents. This could only mean that the respondents perceived the
UNP Extension Services Office programs are being implemented highly.
The item Conducts extension program for the Adopt-A-Community and School Program in
the areas of skills training, technology transfer, information drive, consultancy services and capability
building program that are responsive to the needs of the community, got the highest mean rating of
4.05 (SD=0.86) and interpreted as High. This implies that the mission, goals, and objectives of the
Extension Services Office are being implemented properly. On the other hand, item Initiates the
conduct of training needs assessment survey to determine the needs of the community, and Provides
technical assistance in the implementation of Micro-Enterprise Development Programs to LGUs,
NGOs, GOs and the civil society with a mean rating of 3.89 (SD=0.97 and0.98 respectively) and still
fell on a High rating. This means that, the respondents perceived this item differently.
The Effectiveness of the Extension Program of UNP, SY 2005-2008

165

Table 7. Item Mean Ratings Showing the Level of Administrative Capability of the UNP Extension
Services Office in Terms of Financial Capability
Indicators
A. Mission, Goals and Objectives
1. Conducts extension program for the

Administrators
SD
DR
4.16

0.83

Clientele
SD
DR
3.95

0.90

Overall
SD
DR
4.05

0.86

Adopt-A-Community
and
School
Program in the areas of skills training,
technology transfer, information drive,
consultancy services and capability
building program that are responsive to
the needs of the community.
2. Strengthens
the
socio-economic,
educational and technological support of
the target clientele through collaboration
and linkages with the Municipal
Government,
Non-Government
Organization
and
Government
Agencies.
3. Sustains the extension programs of
municipal government in order to
generate socio-economic benefits and
improve the quality of life of the
clienteles.
4. Provides pool of experts for training and
consultancy services in the implemented
university extension programs.
5. Initiates the conduct of training needs
assessment survey to determine the
needs of the community.
6. Provides technical assistance in the
implementation of Micro-Enterprise
Development Programs to LGUs,
NGOs, GOs and the civil society.
Overall
Legend:
H
=
High

166

3.96

0.94

3.85

0.91

3.90

0.92

4.00

0.90

3.90

0.92

3.95

0.91

3.93

1.02

3.88

0.93

3.90

0.97

3.96

0.98

3.83

0.97

3.89

0.97

3.95

0.95

3.83

1.02

3.89

0.98

3.99

0.94

3.87

0.94

3.93

0.93

UNP Research Journal

Vol. XIX

January-December 2010

The Extent of Implementation of the Extension Program of UNP, as Perceived by the

Administrators and Clients in terms of Level of Attainment of Objectives, Level of Execution of
the Criteria in the Selection of Service Area for Extension Services Program (Adopt-aCommunity and School Program)
Table 8 depicts item mean ratings and standard deviation showing the level of execution of
the criteria in the selection of service area for extension services program.
Table 8. Item Mean Ratings Showing the Level of Execution of the Criteria in the Selection of
Service Area for Extension Services Program
Indicators

Administrators
SD
DR

Clientele
SD
DR

Overall
SD
DR

Execution of the Criteria in the

Selection of Service Area for
Extension Services Program
1. Peoples initiative and interest

3.98

0.95

3.85

1.00

3.91

0.97

2.
3.
4.

3.85
3.91
3.93

0.95
0.99
1.05

H
H
H

3.83
3.87
3.91

0.97
1.03
0.96

H
H
H

3.84
3.89
3.92

0.96
1.01
1.00

H
H
H

Socio-economic situation
Support of Local Government
Acceptability of Projects/Services-

Availability of human and nonhuman resources in the area

5. Prospects of sustainability
6. Geographical location
Overall
Legend:
H
=
High

3.89
3.91
3.91

1.01
1.04
1.00

H
H
H

3.79
3.86
3.85

1.03
1.06
0.89

H
H
H

3.84
3.88
3.88

1.02
1.05
1.00

H
H
H

It can be observed on the table that the level of execution of the criteria in the selection of
service area for the extension services program as evaluated by the respondents is High as
manifested by the overall mean rating of 3.88.
The item Peoples initiative and interest, obtained the highest mean rating of 3.91
(SD=0.97) and interpreted as High. This means that the extension services focus on the community
which needs most of the program. On the other hand, item Prospects of sustainability, and Socioeconomic situation with a mean rating of 3.84 (SD=1.02 and 0.96 respectively) but still fell on a
High rating got the lowest mean rating score . This implies that, sustainability and socio-economic
situation
are one of
some
of the problems
respondents
in administering a 167
certain extension
The Effectiveness
the Extension
Programofofthe
UNP,
SY 2005-2008
programs. This could be the reason why the respondents perceived this item to be the lowest among
the items in this indicator.

Level of Program Outputs of the UNP Extension Services Office in Terms of Skills Training,
Information Drive, Medical/Dental Mission, and Livelihood Organizations
Table 9 signifies item mean ratings and standard deviation showing the level of program
outputs of the UNP Extension Services Office in terms of Skills Training.
It can be depicted on the table that the overall mean rating of the program outputs of the UNP
Extension Services Office in terms of Skills Training is 4.08 (SD = 0.95) which fell on a High
rating. This could only mean that the skills training being offered to the respondents are a great help
for them.

Table 9. Item Mean Ratings Showing the Level of Program Outputs of the UNP
Extension Services Office in Terms of Skills Training
Indicators
1. The skills I learned are functional.
2. The skills taught me helped me in
increase my income.
3. The skills I learned improved my
self-esteem
4. I have taught other people the skills I
learned.
Overall
Legend:
VH
=
Very High
H
=
High

Administrators
SD
DR
4.09
0.91
H
3.91
1.04
H

Clientele
SD
DR
4.32 0.85 VH
4.07 0.97
H

Overall
SD
DR
4.20 0.88 VH
3.99 1.00
H

4.02

1.01

4.23

1.08

4.12

1.04

3.93

1.02

4.08

0.94

4.00

0.98

3.99

0.99

4.17

0.93

4.08

0.95

The item The skills I learned are functional tend to have the highest mean rating of 4.20
(SD=0.88) which described as Very High. This implies that skills training being administered in the
community are very useful to the respondents. On the other hand, the item The skills taught me
helped me in increasing my income, got the lowest mean rating of 3.99 (SD=1.00). It can be said that
the respondents have common responses or perception on this item as depicted by the standard

deviation. Maybe most of them havent used the skills they have learned in producing an extra
income maybe due to lack of financial assistance.
168
UNP Research Journal
Vol. XIX
January-December 2010
Table 10 presents the mean ratings and standard deviation of the level of the program outputs
of the UNP Extension Services Office in terms of Information Drive.

Table 10. Item Mean Ratings Showing the Level of Program Outputs of the UNP
Extension Services Office in Terms of Information Drive
Indicators
1. The knowledge and attitude I
learned are relevant and functional.
2. The concepts and skills taught me
are timely .
3. The knowledge I learned improved
my self-esteem
4. I have taught other people the
knowledge I learned.
Overall

Legend:
H

Administrators
SD
DR
4.16 0.92
H

Clientele
SD
DR
3.98 1.01
H

Overall
SD
DR
4.07 0.96
H

3.98

1.08

4.00

0.95

3.99

1.01

4.05

1.11

3.88

0.91

3.96

1.01

4.02

1.11

3.80

0.97

3.91

1.04

4.05

1.03

3.91

0.84

3.98

0.93

High

It can be examined on the table that as a whole, the level of the program outputs of the UNP
Extension Services Office in terms of information drive is High as perceived by the administrators
and clientele. They understand that the information drive given to them is also necessary in their daily
lives.
The item The knowledge and attitude I learned are relevant and functional obtained the
highest as depicted by the mean rating of 4.07 (SD=0.96) and interpreted as High. This means that
the respondents are aware that the knowledge or information they have learned is very much useful to
them. Contrary to this, the item, I have taught other people the knowledge I have learned, with a
mean rating of 3.67 (SD=1.06) and still fell on a High rating tend to be the lowest. This implies that
the some of the respondents do not share on what they have learned/ acquired during the information
drive campaign. This could be the reason why the respondents perceived this item to be the lowest
among the items in this table.
Table 11 presents the item mean ratings and standard deviation showing the level of the
program outputs of the UNP Extension Services Office in terms of Medical/Dental Mission.

The Effectiveness of the Extension Program of UNP, SY 2005-2008

169

Table 11. Item Mean Ratings Showing the Level of Program Outputs of the UNP Extension
Services Office in Terms of Medical/Dental Mission
Indicators
1. The programs being offered are
relevant and functional.
2. The programs being rendered

Administrators
SD
DR
4.15
0.87
H

Clientele
SD DR
3.95 1.01
H

Overall
SD
4.05
0.94

DR
H

3.98

3.80

3.89

1.05

0.94

0.99

are timely.
3. The
programs
being
administered improved my
health.
4. I have shared other people the
knowledge I learned.
Overall
Legend:

4.00

1.14

3.88

0.98

3.94

1.06

3.98

1.15

3.84

0.99

3.91

1.07

4.03

1.03

3.87

0.90

3.95

1.01

High

It can be traced on the table that the overall mean rating of this indicator is 3.95 (SD= 1.01)
and described as High by the respondents. This could only mean that the respondents perceived the
UNP Extension Services Office programs are being implemented highly.
The item The programs being offered are relevant and functional, got the highest mean
rating of 4.05 (SD=0.94) and interpreted as High. This implies that the medical/dental mission
being administered to the respondents are very useful to them. On the other hand, item The programs
being offered re very timely with a mean rating of 3.89 (SD=0.99) and still fell on a High rating
tend to be the lowest. This means that, the medical/dental mission given is timely still but the
respondents need more in some other time maybe.
Table 12 presents the item mean ratings and standard deviation showing the level of the
program outputs of the UNP Extension Services Office in terms of Livelihood Organizations.

170

UNP Research Journal

Vol. XIX

January-December 2010

Table 12. Item Mean Ratings Showing the Level of Program Outputs of the UNP
Extension Services Office in Terms of Livelihood Organization
Indicators
1. The livelihood organizations
formed in our locality is productive
2. It has helped us augment our
income.
3. It has improved the quality of our
lives.
4. It has made us more cohesive as
a community.
Overall

Administrators
SD
DR
4.07 0.94
H

Clientele
SD
DR
3.77 1.01
H

3.92

Overall
SD
0.97

DR
H

4.05

0.99

3.78

1.04

3.91

1.01

4.00

1.05

3.73

1.07

3.86

1.06

4.02

1.11

3.77

1.00

3.89

1.05

4.03

1.02

3.76

0.95

3.89

1.02

Legend:
H = High
It can be reflected on the table that the overall mean rating of this indicator is 3.89 (SD= 1.02)
and described as High by the respondents. This could only mean that the respondents perceived the
UNP Extension Services Office programs specifically in Livelihood Organizations are being
implemented highly.
The item The livelihood organizations formed in the locality is productive, obtained the
highest mean rating of 3.92 (SD=0.97) and interpreted as High. This means that the livelihood

organizations being organized materialized. It tends to be very useful and helpful to the officers and
members of the organization. On the other hand, item It has improved the quality of lives with a
mean rating of 3.86 (SD=1.06) but still fell on a High rating got the lowest mean rating score . This
implies that though the livelihood organizations formed are productive, it doesnt mean that the lives
of these individuals were improved. This could be the reason why the respondents perceived this item
to be the lowest among the items in this indicator.
Table 13 depicts the summary of the item mean ratings of program outputs on the UNP
Extension Services Office.
It can be gleaned from the table that the overall level of program outputs of the UNP Extension
Services Office as rated by the respondents is High as shown by the overall mean rating of 3.98
The Effectiveness
of thethat
Extension
Program
of UNP,
SY 2005-2008
171
(SD=0.98).
This means
the UNP
Extension
Services
Offices programs and projects
which are
being initiated and implemented tend to be helpful and functional as rated by the respondents.

Table 13. Summary of Item Mean Ratings Showing the Level of Program Outputs of the UNP Extension
Services Office
Indicators
Skills Training
Information Drive
Medical/Dental Mission
Livelihood Organizations
Overall
Legend:
H = High

Administrators
SD
DR
3.99 0.99
H
4.05 1.03
H
4.03 1.05
H
4.03 1.02
H
4.03 1.02
H

Clientele
SD
4.17 0.93
3.91 0.84
3.87 0.98
3.76 1.03
3.93 0.95

DR
H
H
H
H
H

Overall
SD
DR
4.08 0.95
H
3.98 0.93
H
3.95 1.01
H
3.89 1.02
H
3.98 0.98
H

It is also observed in the table that skills training were given a highest mean rating of 4.08
(SD=0.95) among the program outputs and livelihood organizations was rated to be the lowest as
depicted by its mean rating of 3.89 (SD=1.02) but still interpreted to be High. The respondents
believed that skills training are more important than establishing livelihood organizations.
The Economic and Social Impacts of the Programs of the UNP Extension
Services Office
Table 14 presents economic and social impacts of the programs of the UNP Extension Services
Office.
It can be depicted on the table that out of 188 respondents, 114 or 60.64 per cent believed that
they were not employed as a result of the skills learned, only 74 or 39.36 per cent believed to be
employed. This means that most of the respondents were not able to use the skills learned in the
training in seeking or finding a job. In other words, their economic status did not improve.
Most of the respondents perceived that their houses were not improved as a result of the
income derived from the income generated after the training as perceived by its frequency of 123 or
65.42 per cent. This could only mean that the training being administered did not help them in their
daily lives. It can also be traced on the table that 112 or 59.57 per cent out of 188 respondents
believed that they were not able to buy appliances as a result of the income generated from the
employment as a result of the skills learned. On the contrary, the respondents to perceived that their
social status have improved in terms of self-esteem, health and nutrition, and environment. This
means that the trainings being offered in their locality have improved their social aspects in terms of
the aforementioned aspects.

172

UNP Research Journal

Vol. XIX

January-December 2010

Table 14. Economic and Social Impacts of the Programs of the UNP Extension Services Office
Administrators
f
%

Indicators
1.

Economic
Employed as a result of the skills learned
Yes
No
Total

Clientele
f
%

Overall
%

20

36.36

54

40.60

74

39.36

35
55

63.64
100

79
133

59.40
100

114
188

60.64
100

31.58
68.42
100

65
123
188

34.57
65.43
100

36.84
63.16
100

76
112
188

40.43
59.57
100

78.20
21.80
100

144
44
188

76.60
23.40
100

53.38
46.62
100

116
72
188

61.70
38.30
100

65.41
34.59
100

132
56
188

2.

Social
2.1 House
Able to improve their house as a result of the
income derived from the income generated after the
training
Yes
23
41.82
42
No
32
58.18
91
Total
55
100
133
2.2 Appliances
Able to buy appliances as a result of the income
generated from the employment as a result of the
skills learned
Yes
27
49.09
49
No
28
50.91
84
Total
55
100
133
2.2 Self Esteem
Has your self-esteem improved as a result of
the skills you learned?
Yes
40
72.73
104
No
15
27.27
29
Total
55
100
133
2.3 Health and Nutrition
Health has improved as a result of the
information received
Yes
45
81.82
71
No
10
18.18
62
Total
55
100
133
2.4 Environment
Backyard has improved as a result of the
drive on
management
Theinformation
Effectiveness
of environmental
the Extension
Program of UNP, SY 2005-2008
Yes
45
81.82
87
No
10
18.18
46
Total
55
100
133

173

70.21
29.79
100

Significant relationship Between the Implementation of the Program

of the UNP Extension Office and Administrative Capability
and Participation of Development Partners
Table 15 shows the correlation between the implementation of the program and
administrative capability.
Table 15. Correlation Coefficients Showing the Relationship Between the Implementation of
the Program and Administrative Capability
Indicators
Skills Training
Information Drive

Leadership
Capability
*.7497
*.7403

Personnel Financial
Capability Capability
*.7424
*.6519
*.7030
*.5998

Overall
*.7146
*.6812

Medical/Dental Mission
Livelihood Organizations
Overall

*.6675
*.6590
*.7041

*.6100
*.6215
*.6694

*.5099
*.5435
*.5762

*.5958
*.6080
*.6499

Legend:
r required at .05 level = .2673
* significant at .05 level

As manifested in the table, on administrative capability, the perception of the respondents on

the implementation of the program yielded a significant relationship (.6449). In all the indicators of
the programs being implemented, .2673 at .05 level of significant was reached by these indicators,
hence the null hypothesis which states that there is no significant relationship between the
implementation of the programs and administrative capability is rejected. This means that the
implementation of the programs ( skills training, information drive, medical/ dental mission and
livelihood associations) is affected by the administrative capability in terms of leadership,
personnel and financial aspects. There is a common perception between their assessment on the
implementation of the programs and the administrative capability being offered in the community.
Table 16 shows the correlation between the program outputs and administrative capability.
As
in theJournal
table, the relationship
program outputs 2010
and administrative
174
UNPseen
Research
Vol. XIXbetween theJanuary-December
capability yielded significantly. The overall correlation coefficient is .2753 which is greater than the
critical value of .2673 at .05 level of significance. This holds true with leadership capability (.3487)
and personnel capability (.2889). This means that the null hypothesis stating that the implementation
of the program of the UNP Extension Office is not significantly influenced by the administrative
capability is rejected. The results of the study imply that administrative capabilities (leadership and
financial) influenced the implementation of the different extension programs of the university..
Table 16. Correlation Coefficients Showing the Relationship Between the Implementation of
Program Outputs and Administrative Capability
Indicators
Economic
House
Appliances
Self-Esteem
Health & Nutrition
Environment
Overall

Leadership
Capability
*.2793
*.2877
*.2860
*.4790
*.3777
*.3828
*.3487

Personnel
Capability
.1692
.2016
.2449
*.4771
*.3209
*.3200
*.2889

Financial
Capability
.1333
.1703
.2200
*.2949
.1562
.1559
.1884

Overall
.1939
.2198
.2503
*.4170
*.2849
*.2862
*.2753

Legend:
r required at .05 level = .2673
* significant at .05 level

On the other hand, financial capability (.1884) tends to be insignificant with the
implementation of the program outputs. This is also true to economic and social (house = .1939;
appliances =.2198; and self-esteem=.2503) aspects. They failed to reach the critical value of .2673,
thus, the null hypothesis stating that the implementation of the program of the UNP Extension Office
significantly influenced by the administrative capability is accepted.. This means that the financial
capability has no significant effects on the economic and social aspects, particularly on house,
appliances, and self-esteem.
Table 17. Correlation Coefficients Showing the Relationship Between the Implementation of
the Program and Development Partners

Barangay
Officials

Government

NonIndicators
government
Agencies
Skills Training
*.6686
*.6201
*.5553
Information Drive
*.6305
*.6835
*.6435
Medical/Dental Mission *.5310
*.6643
*.6171
The Effectiveness of the Extension
of UNP, SY 2005-2008
Livelihood
*.6022 Program
*.6607
*.6476
Organizations
Overall
*.6080
*.6571
*.6158

Community
People

Overall

*.5733
*.6478
*.5677
*.5754

*.6043
*.6513
*.5950
175
*.6214

*.5910

*.6179

Table 17 shows the correlation between the implementation of the program and development
partners.
As manifested in the table, the implementation of the program and development partner
yielded a significant relationship (.6179). In all the indicators of the programs being implemented
(skills training, information drive, medical/ dental mission and livelihood organization, the r required
surpassed the tabular value at 0.05 level of significance, hence, the null hypothesis which states that
there is no significant relationship between the implementation of the programs and development
partners is rejected. This means that the development partners do affect the implementation of the
programs.

Significant Relationship Between the Level of Program Outputs

and Impact of the Program
Table 18 presents the significant relationship between the level of program outputs and impact of
the program.
Table 18. Correlation Coefficients Showing the Relationship Between the Level of Program
Outputs and Impact of the Program
Economic

House

Appliances

Skills Training
.2442
.1862
Information Drive *.2875
.2276
Medical/Dental
*.3240
.2396
Mission
Livelihood
*.3214
**.313
Organizations
5
Overall
*.2942
.2417
Legend:
r required at .05 level = .2673
* significant at .05 level

.2273
.2389
**.275
1
**.326
4
.2669

Indicators

SelfEsteem

Environment

Overal
l

*.4705
*.4590
*.4037

Health
&
Nutritio
n
.2550
*.3008
*.3916

*.2795
*.3659
*.4873

*.2771
*.3132
*.3535

*.3525

*.3941

*.4052

*.3521

*.4214

*.3353

*.3844

*.3239

As shown in the table, the level of program outputs and impact of the program tend to have a
significant relationship (.3239), as a whole, except for house (.2417) and appliances (.2669). All the
other
of the programs
relationship;
176 indicators
UNP Research
Journal and its impact
Vol. XIXyielded a significant
January-December
2010hence the null
hypothesis which states that there is no significant relationship between the level of program outputs
and impact of the program is rejected. This means that the level of program outputs do affect the
impact of the program. This proves that the programs are very much effective.

Conclusions

On the basis of these findings, the researchers forwarded the following conclusions:
1. The administrative capability of the UNP Extension Services Office in terms of executive
leadership, personnel capability, and financial capability is High.
2. The extent of participation of the development partners in extension services is also
High.
3. The extent of implementation of the extension programs of the UNP Extension Services
Office in terms of mission, goals and objectives and execution of the criteria in the selection of
service area for Extension Services Program (Adopt-a-Community and School Program) is High.
4. The program outputs of the UNP Extension Services Office in terms of Skills Training,
Information Drive, Medical/Dental Mission and Livelihood Organizations are High.
5. In terms of the economic and social impacts of the programs of the UNP Extension
Services Office, a greater percentage of the respondents believed that they were not employed as a
result of the skills learned, their houses were not improved as a result of the income derived from the
income generated after the training and they were not able to buy appliances as a result of the income
generated from the employment as a result of the skills learned.
On the contrary, the respondents perceived that their social status have improved in
terms of self-esteem, health and nutrition, and environment.
6. There is a significant relationship between the extent of implementation of the program of
the UNP Extension Office and administrative capability and participation of development partners
7. There is a significant relationship between the level of program outputs and impact of the
program except for house and appliances.

Recommendations
Based on the findings and conclusions, the following recommendations are presented by the
researchers:
1. The high level of administrative capability of the UNP Extension Services Office in terms
of executive leadership, personnel capability, and financial capability should be maintained or better
be improved.
The Effectiveness
of the
Extension
Program
UNP, SY 2005-2008
177 in extension
2. The high
level
of the extent
of of
participation
of the development partners
services should also be retained or developed.
3. The high level of the extent of implementation of the extension programs of the UNP
Extension Services Office in terms of mission, goals and objectives and execution of the criteria in
the selection of service area for Extension Services Program (Adopt-a-Community and School
Program) should still be sustained or improved.
4. The high level of program outputs of the UNP Extension Services Office in terms of
Skills Training, Information Drive, Medical/Dental Mission and Livelihood Organizations are
commended also to be upheld or developed.
5. The economic and social impacts of the programs of the UNP Extension Services should
also be improved.
6. A n intent periodic assessment of the effectiveness of the Extension Program of the
University of Northern Philippines,
7. Another study on the status of the Extension Program focusing on the improvement of its
role as development partners of the community.

References
Barcena, Alejandro T. 2002. The Nonformal Education Program in Sto. Domingo and Magsingal Districts,
Division of Ilocos Sur. Unpublished Masters Thesis, University of Northern Philippines, Vigan City.

Carino, Materno Marcos Maria G. 2003. The Non-Formal Education Program of Dolores, Lagangilag, San
Juan, and Tayum Districts, Division of Abra. Unpublished Masters Thesis, University of Northern
Philippines, Vigan City.
Cheong, J. W. 1973. University Extension Program and their Impact. The Cases of UPCA. Unpublished
Doctors Dissertation, University of the Philippines, Los Baos, Laguna
Contaoi, Mario R. 2003, The Effectiveness of the Extension Program of UNP. Unpublished Masters Thesis,
University of Northern Philippines, Vigan City.
Diem, Keith 2001, Using Research Methods to Evaluate Your Extension Program Educational Design Rutgers,
The State University of New Jersey
Hustedde, Cathy and Satish Verna. 1996, Extension Education Evaluation: An Evolutionary Perspective with
Implications for Theory and Practice. Paper Presentation, Extension Education Evaluation Topical Interest
Group American Evaluation Association Annual Meeting, Atlanta, Georgia, November 6- 9, 1996.
www.extension services.com.ph.