AP U. S.

History Review - Presidential Listing

The Young Republic, 1788-1815

1.  George Washington, 1789-1797
VP - John Adams
Secretary of State - Thomas Jefferson
Secretary of Treasury - Alexander Hamilton
Major Items:
 Judiciary Act, 1789
 Tariff of 1789
 Whiskey Rebellion, 1794
 French Revolution - Citizen Genét, 1793
 Jay Treaty with England, 1795
 Pinckney Treaty with Spain, 1795
 Farewell Address, 1796
 First Bank of United States , 1791-1811
2.  John Adams, 1797-1801
Federalist
VP - Thomas Jefferson
Major Items:
 XYZ Affair, 1797
 Alien Act, Sedition Act, 1798
 Naturalization Act
 "Midnight Judges," 1801
 Kentucky (Jefferson) and Virginia (Madison) Resolutions, 1798
3.  Thomas Jefferson, 1801-1809
Republican
VP - Aaron Burr
Secretary of State - James Madison
Major Items:
 Marbury v. Madison, 1803
 Louisiana Purchase, 1803
 Lewis and Clark Expedition, 1804-1805
 12th Amendment, 1804
 Embargo Act, 1807
 Non-Intercourse Act, 1809
4.  James Madison, 1809-1817
Republican
VP - George Clinton
Secretary of State - James Monroe
Major Items:
 Macon Act, 1810
 Berlin and Milan Decrees
 Orders in Council
 "War Hawks," 1811-1812
 War of 1812
 Hartford Convention, 1814
 First Protective Tariff, 1816

Era of Good Feelings and the Era of the Common Man, 1815-1840
5.  James Monroe, 1817-1825

AP US History Review – Presidents, p.1 of 9

Republican
VP - Tompkins
Secretary of State - John Quincy Adams
Major Items:
 Marshall's Decisions:  McCulloch v. Maryland, 1819; Dartmouth College v. Woodward,
1819; Gibbons v. Ogden, 1824
 Acquisition of Florida from Spain, 1819
 Transcontinental or Adam-Oñis Treaty, 1819
 Missouri Compromise, 1820
 Monroe Doctrine, 1823
 Sectional Tariff, 1824
 Favorite Sons Election [Jackson, J. Q. Adams, Crawford, Clay], 1824
6.  John Quincy Adams, 1825-1829
National Republican
VP - John C. Calhoun
Secretary of State - Henry Clay
Major Items:
 "Corrupt Bargain"
 Erie Canal, 1825
 Tariff of Abominations
 Calhoun's Exposition and Protest, 1828
7. 

Andrew Jackson, 1829-1837

Democrat
VP - John C. Calhoun and Martin Van Buren
Major Items:
 Jacksonian Democracy
 Tariffs of 1832 and 1833

AP US History Review – Presidents, p.2 of 9

  The 2nd Bank of the United States (due to expire in 1836)
 Formation of the Whig Party, 1832
 Indian Removal
 Nullification Crisis


8.  Martin Van Buren, 1837-1841
Democrat
VP - Richard M. Johnson
Major Items:
 Panic of 1837
 Specie Circular, no Bank of the United States
 Unsound financing by state governments

Ante-Bellum Period, 1840-1860

9.  William Henry Harrison, 1841
Whig
VP - John Tyler
Secretary of State - Daniel Webster
10. John Tyler, 1841-1845
Anti-Jackson Democrat ran as VP on Whig ticket
Secretary of State - Daniel Webster
Major Items:
 Webster-Ashburton Treaty, 1842
 Vetoes Clay's bill for 3rd Bank of the United States
 Canadian Border set at 45th parallel
11.  James K. Polk, 1845-1849
original "dark horse" candidate
Democrat
VP - Dallas
Major Items:
 Manifest Destiny
 Texas becomes a state, 1845
 Oregon boundary settled, 1846
 Mexican War, 1846-1848
 Treaty of Guadeloupe-Hidalgo, 1848
 Wilmot Proviso
12.  Zachary Taylor, 1849-1850
Whig
VP - Millard Fillmore
13.  Millard Fillmore, 1850-1853
Whig
Secretary of State - Daniel Webster
Major Items:
 Compromise of 1850
 Clayton-Bulwer Treaty, 1850 (Britain and U. S. agree not to expand in Central America if
the canal is built)
 Uncle Tom's Cabin, 1852
14.  Franklin Pierce, 1853-1857
Democrat
VP - King
Major Items:
 Kansas-Nebraska Bill, 1854

AP US History Review – Presidents, p.3 of 9

  popular sovereignty
 Japan opened to world trade, 1853
 Underground Railroad
 Bleeding Kansas
 Ostend Manifesto, 1854
15.  James Buchanan, 1857-1861
Democrat
VP- Breckinridge
Major Items:
 Dred Scott decision, 1857
 Lincoln-Douglas Debates, 1858

Civil War, 1861-1865

16.  Abraham Lincoln, 1861-1865
Republican
VP - Andrew Johnson
Secretary of State - William H. Seward (New York)
Secretary of Treasury - Salmon P. Chase
Secretary of War - Edwin M. Stanton
Major Items:
 Civil War, 1861-1865
 Emancipation Proclamation, 1863
 Homestead Act, 1862
 Morill Act, 1862 (created agricultural colleges)
 Assassinated April 14th, 1865, by John Wilkes Booth

Reconstruction, 1865-1877
17.  Andrew Johnson, 1865, 1869
Republican
Secretary of State - William H. Seward
Major Items:
 13th Amendment, 1865
 14th Amendment, 1868
 Reconstruction Act, 1867
 Tenure of Office Act, 1867
 Impeachment Trial, 1868
 Formation of KKK
 Adoption of Black Codes in the South
18. Ulysses S. Grant, 1869-1877
Republican
VP - Colfax, Wilson
Secretary of State - Hamilton Fish
Major Items:
 15th Amendment, 1870
 First Transcontinental Railroad, 1869
 Tweed Ring
 Panic of 1873
 Crédit Mobilier
 Whiskey Ring
 Indian Ring

Gilded Age, 1877-1900

19.  Rutherford B. Hayes, 1877-1881

AP US History Review – Presidents, p.4 of 9

Republican
VP - Wheeler
Major Items:
 Bland-Allison Act, 1878 (free coinage of silver)
 Troops withdrawn from the South, 1877
20.  James A Garfield, March 4 to September 19, 1881
Republican
VP - Chester A. Arthur
Secretary of State - James A. Blaine
Major Items:
 Assassinated by C. Julius Guiteau
21.  Chester A. Arthur, 1881-1885
Republican
Secretary of State - James A. Blaine
Major Items:
 Pendleton Act, 1883 (set up civil service commission)
22.  Grover Cleveland, 1885-1889
Democrat
VP - Hendricks
Major Items:
 Knights of Labor, 1886
 Haymarket Riot, 1886
 Interstate Commerce Act, 1887
 Washburn v. Illinois, 1886
23.  Benjamin Harrison, 1889-1893
Republican
VP - Morton
Secretary of State - James A. Blaine
Major Items:
 Sherman Anti-trust Act, 1890
 Populist Party Platform, 1892
 North Dakota, South Dakota, Montana, Washington become states, 1889
 Idaho and Wyoming become states, 1890
 McKinley Tariff, 1890
 Sherman Act, 1890
24.  Grover Cleveland, 1893-1897
Second Administration (only President to serve two non-consecutive terms)
Democrat
VP - Stevenson
Major Items:
 Panic of 1893
 Hawaiian incident, 1893
 Venezuelan Boundary Affair, 1895
 Pullman Strike, 1894
 American Federation of Labor
 Wilson-Gorman Tariff, 1894
25.  William McKinley, 1897-1901
Republican
VP - Garet Hobart, 1896-1900
VP - Theodore Roosevelt
Secretary of State - John Hay
Major Items:
 New Imperialism
 Spanish-American War, April 1898 - February 1899

AP US History Review – Presidents, p.5 of 9

  Open Door Policy, 1899
 Boxer Rebellion, 1900
 McKinley was assassinated by Leon Czolgosz, 1901

Progressive Age, 1900-1920

26.  Theodore Roosevelt, 1901-1908
Republican
VP - Fairbanks
Secretary of State - John Hay, Elihu Root
Major Items:
 Panama Canal, 1903-1914
 "Square Deal"
 Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine, 1904
 Portsmouth Treaty, 1905
 Gentleman's Agreement with Japan, 1904
 Hague Conferences, 1899 and 1907
 Hepburn Act, 1906
 Pure Food and Drug Act, Meat Inspection Act, and "muckrakers", 1906
 Political reforms of the Roosevelt Era
 Trust-busting
 Coal Strike
 Conservation
 Venezuelan Debt Controversy, 1902
 Dominican Republic Crisis, 1902
 Algerian Conference over Morocco, 1906
27.  William Howard Taft, 1909-1913
Republican
VP - Sherman
Major Items:
 Paine-Aldrich Tariff, 1909
 Pinchot-Ballinger controversy, 1909 (conservation v. reclamation)
 "Dollar Diplomacy"
28.  Woodrow Wilson, 1913-1921
Democrat
VP - Marshall
Major Items:
 Underwood Tariff, 1913
 16th, 17th, 18th, and 19th Amendments
 Federal Reserve System, 1913
 Glassower Act, 1913
 Federal trade Commission, 1914
 Clayton Anti-trust Act, 1914
 Troops to Nicaragua, Dominican Republic, Haiti, Virgin Islands, Mexico
 The Lusitania, May 1915
 "Fourteen Points," January 1917
 Treaty of Versailles, 1919-1920
 "New Freedom"

Roaring Twenties, 1920-1929

29.  Warren G. Harding, 1921-1923
"Dark Horse" candidate
Republican
VP - Calvin Coolidge

AP US History Review – Presidents, p.6 of 9

Secretary of State - Charles Evans Hughes
Major Items:
 Teapot Dome Scandal
 Washington Conference, 1921-1922
 Fordney-McCumber Tariff, 1922
30.  Calvin Coolidge, 1923-1929
Republican
VP - Dawes
Secretary of State - Frank Kellogg
Major Items:
 Kellogg-Briand Pact, 1928
31.  Herbert Hoover, 1929-1933
Republican
VP - Curtis
Secretary of State - Henry L. Stimson
Major Items:
 National Origins Immigration Act, 1929
 Panic and Depression
 Stock market Crash, 1929
 Hawley-Smoot tariff, 1930

The New Deal and the Era of Reform, 1920-1945

32.  Franklin D. Roosevelt, 1933-1945
Democrat
VP - Garner, Wallace, Truman
Major Items:
 New Deal
 "Alphabet soup" bureaucracies
 World War 2
 Labor reforms
33.  Harry S. Truman, 1945-1953
Democrat
VP - Barkley
Major Items:
 World War 2 ends
 Atomic bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, August 1945
 Taft-Harley Act, 1947
 Truman Doctrine, 1947
 Marshall Plan, 1947
 North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), 1949
 Korean War, 1950-1953
 "Fair Deal"

The Cold War, 1945-1968

34.  Dwight D. Eisenhower, 1953-1961
Republican
VP - Nixon
Major Items:
 22nd Amendment
 Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas
 Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO)
 Suez Crisis, 1956
 Eisenhower Doctrine
 the "race for space"

AP US History Review – Presidents, p.7 of 9

  Alaska and Hawaii become states, 1959
35.  John F. Kennedy, 1961-1963
Democrat
VP - Lyndon B. Johnson
Major Items:
 Alliance for Progress
 Baker v. Carr, 1962
 Peace Corps
 Cuban Missile Crisis, 1962
 "New Frontier"
 Nuclear Test-Ban Treaty
 Assassinated in Dallas, Texas, November 22, 1963, by Lee Harvey Oswald
36.  Lyndon B. Johnson, 1963-1968
Democrat
VP - Humphrey
Major Items:
 The "Cold War"
 Cuban Policy
 Income tax cut
 Wesberry v. Sanders, 1964
 Civil Rights Act, 1964
 Voting Rights Act, 1965
 Anti-Poverty Act, 1964
 Elementary and Secondary education reform
 Medicare
 "Great Society"

Detente and Rapprochement, 1968 - present

37.  Richard M. Nixon, 1968-1974
Republican
VP - Spiro Agnew, Gerald Ford
Major Items:
 "Imperial Presidency"
 Landing on the moon, July 1969
 Warren Burger, Chief Justice, 1969
 Woodstock, August 1969
 Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) established, 1970
 16th Amendment, 1971
 Visit to China, February 1972
 Visit to Russia, May 1972
 Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty (SALT), 1972
 Kissinger and "shuttle diplomacy," 1973-1975
 Wounded Knee, South Dakota, 1973
 Allende regime in Chile overthrown with the help of the CIA, September 1973
 Agnew resigns, 1973
 Nixon resigns, August 9, 1974
 Pentagon Papers, August 30, 1971 (superior court allows the NY Times to publish)
38.  Gerald Ford, 1974-1976
Republican
1st appointed President
VP - Nelson Rockefeller
Neither President nor Vice-President had been elected
Major Items:
 Pardons Richard Nixon

AP US History Review – Presidents, p.8 of 9

  OPEC crisis, 1974
39.  Jimmy Carter, 1977-1981
Democrat
VP - Walter Mondale
Major Items:
 Panama Canal Treaty signed, September 1977
 Established diplomatic relations with China and ended recognition of Taiwan
 Three-Mile Island Incident, March 1979 (nuclear reactor leak in Pennsylvania)
 Egypt and Israel peace treaty; Sadat and Begin win the Nobel Prize, 1979
 Iran Hostage Crisis, 1979 (rescue attempt, 8 killed, April 1980)
 Seizure of Afghanistan by Soviets, 1979
 "Stagflation"
 Boycott of Olympics in Moscow to protest invasion of Afghanistan
40.  Ronald Reagan, 1981-1989
Republican
VP - George Bush
Major Items:
 Hostages returned
 Falkland Islands Crisis, 1982 (U. S. supports England)
 1500 Marines sent to Beirut, 1983; withdrawn in 1984
 Grenada, October 1983
 Nicaragua, 1984
 Sandra Day O'Connor, first woman appointed to the Supreme Court
 "Supply-side economics"
 Iran-Contra Hearings, Summer 1987 (Oliver North)
41.  George Bush, 1989- 1993
Republican
VP - Dan Quayle
Major Items:
 Savings and Loan Scandal, 1990
 Berlin Wall came down leading to the reunification of Germany
 Invasion of Panama, 1990
 Operation Desert Shield and Desert Storm (the Gulf War), January to August 1992
42.  Bill Clinton, 1993-2001
Democrat
VP - Al Gore
Major Items:
 North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), 1993
 Proposes a national health care system, 1993
 Participates in air strikes in Bosnia, 1994
 Participates in air strikes in Iraq
 Sex scandal, 1998
 Participates in air strikes on Serbia, 1999
43. George W. Bush, 2001-
Republican
VP - Dick Cheney
Major Items:
 Disputed election, eventually dicided by the Supreme Court
 "Compassionate Conservatism"
 War on Terrorism, post-September 11, 2001
o Attacks terrorist forces in Afghanistan

AP US History Review – Presidents, p.9 of 9