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Phonology PDF

This document discusses stress patterns in English words. It defines stress as the degree of force used to pronounce a syllable and notes that primary stress is marked with an apostrophe and secondary stress with a comma below the syllable. For two-syllable words, the stress typically falls on the second syllable if it contains a long vowel/diphthong or ends in more than one consonant. For three-syllable words, the stress is usually on the second syllable if the third contains a short vowel and single consonant, or on the third syllable if it contains a long vowel/diphthong. Exceptions to these patterns are also provided.

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509 views7 pages

Phonology PDF

This document discusses stress patterns in English words. It defines stress as the degree of force used to pronounce a syllable and notes that primary stress is marked with an apostrophe and secondary stress with a comma below the syllable. For two-syllable words, the stress typically falls on the second syllable if it contains a long vowel/diphthong or ends in more than one consonant. For three-syllable words, the stress is usually on the second syllable if the third contains a short vowel and single consonant, or on the third syllable if it contains a long vowel/diphthong. Exceptions to these patterns are also provided.

Uploaded by

IPharamita
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STRESS IN SIMPLE WORDS

NAME

NPM

NOVI PUSPITA SARI

20141250062

ZASCIA RIKA MULANI

201412500051

ROSITA SARI

201412500153

The Nature Of Stress


Stress
It is the use of extra respiratory energy during the articulation of a syllable.Stress is the
degree of force with wich a sound , a syllable or a word is pronounced.
Example :
Father

Open

Kamera

potato

Apartment

Relation

About

Receive

Perhaps

Levels of Stress
1. Primary Level
2. Primary stress can be marked with vertical stroke ( ) above and in front of
syllable

3. Example :

Recognized
Absolute
Exception

Contrast

Secondary Stress
Secondary Stress

stress can be marked with vertical stroke ( , ) placed below and in front of
syllable
Example :
Organisation

Activation

Photagraphic

Antrophonology

Placement Of Stress Within The Word


In order to dedicade on stress placement ,it is necessary to make use of some or all of
the following information :

Whether the word is morphologicall simple,or whether it is complex as a result either


of containing one or more affixes (that is prefixes or suffixes) or of being a
compound word.

The grammatical category to which the word belongs (noun,verb,adjective,etc)


The number of syllables in the word
The phonological structure of those syllables.

Two Syllable word


Two sylable verb

Stressed on
A . 2nd syllable contains
1nd syllable
short vowel AND ends no
more than one consonant.
B. 2nd sylablle contains long
vowel/a diphtong/ends
2nd syllable
more than one consonant
C. 2nd syllable contains/ou/

Example
+worry,open,enter

Placement of stress within simple+succeed,provide,protest


word
Two syllable nouns

1nd sylable

+Follow,borrow

A. 2nd syllable contains


short vowel

1nd syllable

+money,office,surface

B. Otherwise it is on the

2 nd syllable

+Hello,canoe,balloon

Two syllable adjective

Seem as the two syllable


verbsrules

Two syllable prepositions


and adverbs

Seem to behave like two


syllable verbs and two
syllable adjective rules

Three Syllable
Three syllable verb

Three syllable nouns

Stressed on

Example

A.3nd syllable contains short


vowel AND ends with no more
than 1 consonant
B. 3nd syllable contains long
vowel /a diphtong /ends with
more than one conconant

2nd syllable

+encounter,determine

3nd syllable

+entertain,recomend

A. 3nd syllable contains short


vowel [au] unstressed.
2nd contains long
vowel
/a diphthong/ends with more
than one consonant.
B. 3nd syllable and 2nd syllable
contains short vowel AND ends
with no more than one
consonant 3nd and 2 nd
syllable are unstressed.
C. 3nd syllable contains long
vowel/a diphthong ends with
more than more than one
consonant

2nd syllable

+potntato,disaster,advantage

+library,quality,company,cine
1nd syllable

+exercise,attitude,paradise
1nd syllable

Three syllable adjective

Seem to need the same rules as


three syllable nouns

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