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Applications

Ultrasound can be used to synthesize nanostructured materials through two phenomena: cavitation and nebulization. Cavitation involves the formation and collapse of bubbles in a liquid, generating extreme conditions useful for material synthesis. Nebulization creates a mist from ultrasound passing through a liquid. Ultrasound is also used widely in industry for cleaning, welding plastics and metals, and soldering. It generates heat through high frequency vibration to melt or join materials. In medicine, ultrasound is used for imaging and diagnosis, employing modes like A-mode, B-mode, M-mode, and Doppler mode to visualize internal body structures and blood flow.

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48 views

Applications

Ultrasound can be used to synthesize nanostructured materials through two phenomena: cavitation and nebulization. Cavitation involves the formation and collapse of bubbles in a liquid, generating extreme conditions useful for material synthesis. Nebulization creates a mist from ultrasound passing through a liquid. Ultrasound is also used widely in industry for cleaning, welding plastics and metals, and soldering. It generates heat through high frequency vibration to melt or join materials. In medicine, ultrasound is used for imaging and diagnosis, employing modes like A-mode, B-mode, M-mode, and Doppler mode to visualize internal body structures and blood flow.

Uploaded by

Mahnoor Fatima
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Synthesis of Nanostructured Materials:


A high intensity ultrasound offers an adaptable
tool for nanostructure materials. The two
physical phenomenons of ultrasound that
associate it with material synthesis are
cavitaion and nebulization. Acoustic cavitation
is the growth, formation and implosive collapse
of bubbles in a liquid. Inside the collapsing
bubble acoustic cavitation creates extreme
condition and works as a base for most of the
sonochemical phenomenon for liquids or liquidsolid slurries. Whereas, Sonochemistry is the
application of ultrasound to chemical reactions and processes. The mechanism causing sonochemical effects in
liquids is the phenomenon of acoustic cavitation.

Nebulization is the creation of mist from


ultrasound passing through a liquid and
impinging on a liquid-gas interface and it is the
base for subsequent reactions occurring in
heated droplets of mist [1]
Industry:
Ultrasound is used in industry. Its five major
applications in industry are Cleaning, Plastic
Welding, Metal Welding, Soldering and
Machining. Ultrasonic cleaning is best done on
relatively hard materials which reflect instead
of absorbing sound, such as metals, glass,

ceramics, and plastics. The range in which the


Cleaning equipment normally operates is 20-50
kHz. Cavitation is the phenomenon that is
responsible for ultrasonic cleaning. High
frequency alternating pressure in a liquid forms
microscopic voids which grow to a certain size,
then collapse, causing very high instantaneous
temperatures and pressures. This implosion of
cavitational bubbles does the rough work of
loosening dirt and grease stuck to the work
piece. The choice of cleaner frequency is
determined by the application. Cavitational
shock intensity is higher at lower frequencies; a
2.5 kHz cleaner will have more brute cleaning
ability than a 40 kHz cleaner. However lower
frequencies have been found damaging to
some delicate parts, and for cleaning of
semiconductors, for instance, 40 kHz may be
preferable. In plastic welding heat is produced
by high frequency vibration which melts the
plastic. Ultrasonically induced heat can be
generated selectively at the interface of the
parts being joined without indiscriminate
heating of the surrounding material. Less weld
energy is used. As heat is generated with the
plastic so welding can be accomplished at
inaccessible places.The ultrasonic metal

welding is cold Ultrasonic metal welds are thus


characterized by low heat and relatively low
distortion. Ultrasonic soldering includes electric
and electronic components where nickel,
Kovar, and other hard-to-tin metals are often
used and it is similar to ultrasonic cleaning [2]
Medicine:
Ultrasonic waves play a vital role in the medical
field. In medical sciences ultrasound is used for
imaging and diagnosis. Four different modes of
ultrasound are used in medical imaging are; Amode, B-mode, M-mode and Doppler mode. Amode is the simplest type of ultrasound in
which a single transducer scans a line through
the body with the echoes plotted on screen as
a function of depth. In B-mode, a linear array of
transducers simultaneously scans a plane
through the body that can be viewed as a 2-D
image on screen.M-mode enables the doctor to
see the range of motion and Doppler mode
makes use of Doppler Effect in measuring and
visualizing blood flow [3]
[1] J. H. Bang and K. S. Suslick, Applications of
ultrasound to the Synthesis of Nanostructured

Materials, Advanced Materials, Vol. 22, pp.10391059 (2010).


[2] A. Shoh, Industrial Applications of Ultrasound
-A Review I. His h-Power Ultrasound , IEEE
TRANSACTIONS ON SONICS AND ULTRASONICS, Vol.
22 (1975).
[3] A. Carovac, F. Smajlovic, D. Junuzovic,
Application of Ultrasound in Medicine, Vol. 19
(2011).

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