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Chemistry Assignment

This document introduces colloids and their properties. It defines colloids as mixtures with a dispersed phase between 1nm and 100nm. Colloids are classified as lyophilic or lyophobic based on their interaction with the dispersion medium. Common purification methods for colloids include dialysis, electrodialysis, and ultrafiltration. Key properties are the Tyndall effect of light scattering and Brownian motion of particles. Applications of colloids include soap cleansing, paints, water purification, and some medicines.

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605 views

Chemistry Assignment

This document introduces colloids and their properties. It defines colloids as mixtures with a dispersed phase between 1nm and 100nm. Colloids are classified as lyophilic or lyophobic based on their interaction with the dispersion medium. Common purification methods for colloids include dialysis, electrodialysis, and ultrafiltration. Key properties are the Tyndall effect of light scattering and Brownian motion of particles. Applications of colloids include soap cleansing, paints, water purification, and some medicines.

Uploaded by

TahaKhan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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INDEX

Colloidals and its introduction.


Pg 3
Colloidal dispersions.
Pg 3
Classification of colloids.
Pg 4
(Lyophilic colloids
(Lyophobic colloids

pg 4)
pg 5)

Purification of colloids.
Pg 5
(Dialysis
(Electrodialysis
(ultrafiltration

pg 6)
pg 6)
pg 6)

Properties of colloids.
Pg 7
(Tyndall effect
pg 7)
(Brownian movement pg 7)
Applications of colloids.
Pg 8

COLLOIDALS
INTRODUCTION:
This field of study was first introduced by Scottish
Scientist THOMAS GRAHAM in 1861. A colloid is a
word which is comes from a Greek word Kolla,
means, Glue thus colloidal particles are just glue like
substance. The particles of colloid can be made by
the process of centrifugation. A colloid which consist
of two phases one is Dispersed phase and the other
is Continuous phase. The size range of this mixture
with a Dispersed phase is from 1nm to 100nm may
be colloidal aerosols, colloidal emulsions colloidal
hydrosols or dispersions. It is also known by the
name of Colloidal Suspensions.

COLLOIDAL DISPERSIONS
>> In a colloidal solutions the particles of colloid does not
completely dissolved in a solvent however it is not visible
to human naked eyes.
>> The particles of dispersed phase are affected in the
colloid due to the surface chemistry present in it.
>> The diameter of the particles of dispersed phase is
from 1nm to 0.5nm .

CLASSIFICATION OF COLLOIDS
>> Colloids are classified on the basis of
nature of
interaction between Dispersed
phase and Dispersion medium.
- Lyophillic colloids / Hydrophillic colloids.
- Lyophobic colloids / Hydrophobic colloids.

- Lyophillic colloids/ Hydrophillic


colloids:
Lyo means solvent and Phillic means loving thus
lyophilic colloids are liquid loving colloids.
>> Lyophilic colloids can easily be prepared by directly
mixing colloid with liquid as these are liquid loving
colloids.
>> Due to the strong forces of interaction between the
particles of colloid and liquid their solutions are
relatively stable.

>> As because in lyophilic solutions Dispersion Phase


and Dispersion Medium can be separated therefore it is
reversible in nature.

- Lyophobic colloids/ Hydrophobic


colloids:
As Lyo means solvent and Phobic means hating
thus Lyophobic colloids are liquid hating colloids.
>> As because these are water hating colloids so their
solutions cant be prepared by mixing colloid with
liquid.
>> Due to the presence of weak forces of interaction
between particles of colloid and liquid therefore
lyophobic colloids are less stable.
>> As because Dispersion Phase and Dispersion
Medium cant be separated in Lyophobic colloids thus it
is irreversible.

PURIFICATION OF COLLOIDS:

Some common methods for their purification are as


under:
a) Dialysis.
b) Electrodialysis.
c) Ultra filtration.

Dialysis:
The process of diffusion across the membrane causes
removal of ions or molecules from colloidal disperions.

Electrodialysis:
Since dialysis is a very slow process so it can be speeded
up by the use of electric potential. Therefore it is also
known as a Electrodialysis.

Ultrafiltration:

It is the process in which the particles of sols is separated


by filtration through an ultrafilter is called Ultrafiltration.

PROPERTIES OF COLLOIDS:
Some of the properties of colloids are:
a) Tyndall effect.
b)Brownian movement.

Tyndall Effect:
Basically colloidal solution and true solution are
differentiated by tyndall effect. Its mixture is
heterogeneous in nature. This nature is shown by the
visible scattering of light along the path of the beam
of light containing discontinuities. This path of a
beam of light is called tyndall cone.

Brownian Movement:

The particles of colloid follows zig zag path as it is


bombarded by the particles of dispersion medium. It
does not allow the particles to settle down under the
action of gravitational pull hence it provides stability
to colloids. Due to zig zag motion of particles of
colloid in solution therefore it is called as Brownian
Movement.

APPLICATIONS OF COLLOIDS:
- CLEANSING ACTION OF SOAP:
The solution of soap is generally colloidal in nature.
The greasy and dirt particles sticking to the clothes
can be removed by adsorption or by emulsification.
-

PAINTS:
Colloids are also used by paints industry in the
preparation of paints.

FOR WATER PURIFICATION:


Usually alum is added to such water which obtained
from natural resources to coagulate the suspended
particles and make the water fit for drinking purpose.

MEDICINES:

Most of the pharmaceutical industry makes use of


the preparation of colloidal solution in many
medicines.
Example: Cod liver oil.

- REFRENCES:
Essential of physical chemistry by B.S Bahl.
www.wikipedia.org
www.encarta.com

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