REPORTED SPEECH

Indirect Speech (also referred to as reported speech) refers to a sentence reporting what
someone has said.
1. If the reporting verb (i.e. said) is in the past, the reported clause will be in a past form. This
form is usually one step back into the past from the original..
For example:

He said the test was difficult.

She said she watched TV every day.

Jack said he came to school every day.

2. If simple present, present perfect or the future is used in the reporting verb (i.e. says) the
tense is retained.
For example:

He says the test is difficult.

She has said that she watches TV every day.

Jack will say that he comes to school every day.

3. If reporting a general truth the present tense will be retained.

For example:The teacher said that phrasal verbs are very important.
Changing Pronouns and Time Signifiers
When changing from direct speech to indirect speech, it is often necessary to change the
pronouns to match the subject of the sentence.
For example:

She said, I want to bring my children. BECOMES She said she wanted to bring her
children.

Jack said, My wife went with me to the show. BECOMES Jack said his wife had
gone with him to the show.

It is also important to change time words (signifiers) when referring to present, past or future
time to match the moment of speaking.

For example:

She said, I want to bring my children tomorrow. BECOMES She said she wanted to
bring her children the next day.

Jack said, My wife went with me to the show yesterday. BECOMES Jack said his
wife had gone with him to the show the day before.

Indirect Questions
When reporting questions, it is especially important to pay attention to sentence order. When
reporting yes/ no questions connect the reported question using if. When reporting
questions using question words (why, where, when, etc.) use the question word.
For example:

She asked, Do you want to come with me? BECOMES She asked me if I wanted to
come with her.

Dave asked, Where did you go last weekend? BECOMES Dave asked me where I
had gone the previous weekend.

He asked, Why are you studying English? BECOMES She asked me why I was
studying English.

1. Perubahan Stuktur kalimat

Jika kita lihat pada kalimat direct speech, terdapat ciri-ciri yang identik yaitu
terdapat tanda petik (). Tada petik tersebut merupakan cara yang sering digunakan
untuk membedakan mana yang direct atau yang indirect.
Ketika klimat direct speech tersebut dirubah menjadi kalimat indirect speech, tanda
petik tersebut pun dihilangkan atau digantikan dengan kata that atau to (untuk
kalimat perintah). Misalnya:

No Direct Speech
01

He said, I have a present for you in

my bag.

Indirect Speech
He said that he had a present for me in
his bag.

02 He asked me, why do you come late. He asked me why I came late.
03 He orderd me, dont bring a bag.

He ordered me to didnt bring a bag.

Perubahan struktur kalimat juga terjadi jika pada direct speech menggunakan
kalimat tanya, maka akan dirubah menjadi kalimat afirmatif (berita).

Untuk kalimat direct speech yang menggunakan kalimat tanya yes-no question
maka akan dirubah menjadi if/whether. Contohnya:

No Direct Speech

Indirect Speech

01

They asked me, Do you want to join They asked me if/whether I want to join
us to play football?
them to play football.

02

He asked me, Does she want to

mary me?

He asked me if/whether she wants to

mary her.

Untuk kalimat direct speech yang menggunakan 5W1H question (Why, Who, What,
When, WHere, How), maka akan dirubah menjadi kalimat afirmatif dengan cara
sebagai berikut:

No Direct Speech

Indirect Speech

01 He asked me, why do you come late?

He asked me why you came late.

02 He asked me, what does she eat?

He asked me what she ate.

03 He asked me, when did you come?

He asked me when I came.

04 He asked me, who are you?

He asked me who I was.

05 He asked me, who is she?

He asked me who she was.

2. Perubahan Tensis (Tenses)

Seperti yang dijelaskan dimuka, perbuahan dari direct ke indirect juga

mempengaruhi tensis yang digunakan. Kebanyakan siswa sulit memahami

perubahan yang satu ini. Untuk itu, penulis sengaja membuatkan tabel perubahan
tensis agar mudah dimengerti.

Di bawah ini adalah tabel Perubahan Tenses dari direct speech ke indirect speech.

No

Direct Speech

Indirect Speech

01

Simple Present

Simple Past

02

Present Continuous

Past Continuous

03

Present Future

Past Future

04

Present Perfect

Past Perfect

05

Present Perfect Continuous

Past Perfect Continuous

06

Simple Past

Past Perfect

07

Past Continuous

Past Perfect Continuous

Atau bisa lebih dipermudah dengan tabel berikut di bawah ini, yaitu:

No Direct Speech

Indirect Speech

01 V1 (eat)

V2 (ate)

02 V2 (ate)

Had + V3 (had eaten)

03 Am/is/are

Was/were

04 Do/does

Did

05 Do/does not

Did not

06 Did not

Had not + V3

07 Was/were

Had been

08 Am/is/are + V-ing

Was/were + V-ing

09 Was/were +V-ing

Had been + V-ing

10 Has/have + V3

Had + V3

11 Will/shall/can/may/must

Would/should/could/might/had to

12

Could/might/should/would +
V1/be

Could/might/should/would + have+
V3/been

3. Perubahan Pronoun

Perubahan pronoun dan possessive tergantung kepada sabjek dan objek yang dipakai
di direct speech (kalimat langsung) yang tentunya mempengaruhi perubahan
pronoun pada indirect speech (kalimat tidak langsung).
Kata ganti orang pertama (I dan We) pada reporting speech (lihat penjelasan
di awal) berubah sesuai subjek yang ada di reproted speech.

No Direct Speech

Indirect Speech

01 He said, I am busy.

He said that he was busy.

02 She said, I am unwell.

She said that she was unwell.

03 I said, I will be late.

I said that I would be late.

04 They said, We will not permit this.

They said that they would not permit

that.

05

We said, We need to buy some

clothes.

We said that we needed to buy some

clothes.

Kata ganti orang kedua (You) di reporting speech pada direct speech berubah
sesuai objek pada reported speech.

No Direct Speech

Indirect Speech

01

He said to me, You have to come with

me.

He told me that I had to go with

him.

02 She said to me, You can go.

She told me that I could go.

03 She said to him, You can go.

She told him that he could go.

Kata ganti orang ketiga (He, she, it dan they) pada direct speech tidak
mengalami perubahan ketika dirubah ke indirect speech.
No Direct Speech

Indirect Speech

01 He said, She is a good girl.

He said that she was a good girl.

02 She said, They have invited us.

She said that they had invited them.

03

They said, He does not have the

necessary qualifications.

They said that he did not have the

necessary qualifications.

4. Perubahan Keterangan waktu dan tempat (Adverbs of time and place)

Tidak cuma itu, dalam perubahan dari direct speech ke indirect speech juga
mempengaruhi adverbs khusunya adverb of time (keterangan waktu) dan adverb of
place (keterangan tempat). Untuk itu anda wajib memahami tabel di bawah ini.
No

Direct Speech

Indirect Speech

01

Now

Then

02

To day

That day

03

Tomorrow

The next day

The day after
The following day
A day later

04

Next

The after
The following

05

Last

The before
The Previous

 ago

before
earlier

07

Yesterday

The day before

The previous day
The preceeding day

08

The day before yesterday

Two day before

09

Here

There

10

This

That

11

These

Those

06

Di bawah ini adalah contoh-contoh direct dan indirect speech untuk menambah
pemahaman mengenai penjelasan di atas.
Direct Speech
(+)

Indirect Speech

He said, I have a present for you in my He said that he had a present for me in
bag. here
his bag there.

He said, I do not have a present for you in He said that he did not have a present for
(-) my bag
me in his bag.

He asked, Do I have a present for you in

(?) my bag?

He asked me, Why do I have to have a

(?) present for you in my bag?

He asked me if/whether he had a present

for me in his bag.

He asked me why he had to have a

present for me in his bag.

(!) He ordered/commanded me, Bring my He ordered/commanded me to bring

bag here now!
his bag there then.
(!)

He ordered me, Dont bring your bag

here!

He ordered me not to bring my bag

there.

Direct dan Indirect Speech

Ketika kita merubah kalimat langsung menjadi kalimat tidak langsung, ada beberapa
hal yang mengalami perubahan diantaranya perubahan struktur kalimat, tensis,
pronoun (kata ganti orang), keterangan waktu dan tempat (Adverbs of time and
place).
Sebelum melangkah jauh ke sub-pembahasan tersebut di atas, alangkah baiknya ada
juga mengerti tentang apa yang dimaksud Reporting Speech dan Reported
Speech.
Reporting Speech adalah bagian dalam kalimat direct speech yang di tandai oleh
tanda petik (") dan di akhiri oleh tanda petik (").

He said, "I have a present for you in my bag."

He asked me, "why do you come late."

Sedangkan Reported Speech adalah baigan awal dari kalimat direct speech.

He said, "I have a present for you in my bag."

He asked me, "why do you come late."

Untuk itu, pada artikel ini penulis sengaja membagi beberpa sub-penjelasan
mengenai direct dan indirect speech berdasakan perubahan-perbuahan di atas.
1. Perubahan Stuktur kalimat

Jika kita lihat pada kalimat direct speech, terdapat ciri-ciri yang identik yaitu
terdapat tanda petik ("). Tada petik tersebut merupakan cara yang sering digunakan
untuk membedakan mana yang direct atau yang indirect.
Ketika klimat direct speech tersebut dirubah menjadi kalimat indirect speech, tanda
petik tersebut pun dihilangkan atau digantikan dengan kata "that" atau "to" (untuk
kalimat perintah). Misalnya:
No Direct Speech
He said, "I have a present for you in
01
my bag."
02 He asked me, "why do you come late."
03 He orderd me, "don't bring a bag."

Indirect Speech
He said that he had a present for me in
his bag.
He asked me why I came late.
He ordered me to didn't bring a bag.

Perubahan struktur kalimat juga terjadi jika pada direct speech menggunakan
kalimat tanya, maka akan dirubah menjadi kalimat afirmatif (berita).
Untuk kalimat direct speech yang menggunakan kalimat tanya "yes-no question"
maka akan dirubah menjadi if/whether. Contohnya:

No Direct Speech
They asked me, "Do you want to join
01
us to play football?"
He asked me, "Does she want to
02
mary me?"

Indirect Speech
They asked me if/whether I want to join
them to play football.
He asked me if/whether she wants to
mary her.

Untuk kalimat direct speech yang menggunakan 5W1H question (Why, Who, What,
When, WHere, How), maka akan dirubah menjadi kalimat afirmatif dengan cara
sebagai berikut:
No
01
02
03
04
05

Direct Speech
He asked me, "why do you come late?"
He asked me, "what does she eat?"
He asked me, "when did you come?"
He asked me, "who are you?"
He asked me, "who is she?"

Indirect Speech
He asked me why you came late.
He asked me what she ate.
He asked me when I came.
He asked me who I was.
He asked me who she was.

2. Perubahan Tensis (Tenses)

Seperti yang dijelaskan dimuka, perbuahan dari direct ke indirect juga
mempengaruhi tensis yang digunakan. Kebanyakan siswa sulit memahami
perubahan yang satu ini. Untuk itu, penulis sengaja membuatkan tabel perubahan
tensis agar mudah dimengerti.
Di bawah ini adalah tabel Perubahan Tenses dari direct speech ke indirect speech.

No
01
02
03
04
05
06
07

Direct Speech
Simple Present
Present Continuous
Present Future
Present Perfect
Present Perfect Continuous
Simple Past
Past Continuous

Indirect Speech
Simple Past
Past Continuous
Past Future
Past Perfect
Past Perfect Continuous
Past Perfect
Past Perfect Continuous

Atau bisa lebih dipermudah dengan tabel berikut di bawah ini, yaitu:
No Direct Speech
Indirect Speech
01 V1 (eat)
V2 (ate)
02 V2 (ate)
Had + V3 (had eaten)
03 Am/is/are
Was/were
04 Do/does
Did
05 Do/does not
Did not
06 Did not
Had not + V3
07 Was/were
Had been
08 Am/is/are + V-ing
Was/were + V-ing
09 Was/were +V-ing
Had been + V-ing
10 Has/have + V3
Had + V3
11 Will/shall/can/may/must
Would/should/could/might/had to
Could/might/should/would +
Could/might/should/would + have+
12
V1/be
V3/been
3. Perubahan Pronoun
Perubahan pronoun dan possessive tergantung kepada sabjek dan objek yang dipakai
di direct speech (kalimat langsung) yang tentunya mempengaruhi perubahan
pronoun pada indirect speech (kalimat tidak langsung).

Kata ganti orang pertama (I dan We) pada reporting speech (lihat penjelasan
di awal) berubah sesuai subjek yang ada di reproted speech.
No
01
02
03

Direct Speech
He said, I am busy.
She said, I am unwell.
I said, I will be late.

Indirect Speech
He said that he was busy.
She said that she was unwell.
I said that I would be late.
They said that they would not permit
04 They said, We will not permit this.
that.
05 We said, We need to buy some
We said that we needed to buy some

clothes.

clothes.

Kata ganti orang kedua (You) di reporting speech pada direct speech berubah
sesuai objek pada reported speech.
No Direct Speech
He said to me, You have to come with
01
me.
02 She said to me, You can go.
03 She said to him, You can go.

Indirect Speech
He told me that I had to go with
him.
She told me that I could go.
She told him that he could go.

Kata ganti orang ketiga (He, she, it dan they) pada direct speech tidak
mengalami perubahan ketika dirubah ke indirect speech.

No Direct Speech
Indirect Speech
01 He said, She is a good girl.
He said that she was a good girl.
02 She said, They have invited us.
She said that they had invited them.
They said, He does not have the
They said that he did not have the
03
necessary qualifications.
necessary qualifications.
4. Perubahan Keterangan waktu dan tempat (Adverbs of time and place)
Tidak cuma itu, dalam perubahan dari direct speech ke indirect speech juga
mempengaruhi adverbs khusunya adverb of time (keterangan waktu) dan adverb of
place (keterangan tempat). Untuk itu anda wajib memahami tabel di bawah ini.
No
01
02

Direct Speech
Now
To day

03

Tomorrow

04

Next ...

05

Last ...

06

... ago

07

Yesterday

08
09
10

The day before yesterday

Here
This

Indirect Speech
Then
That day
The next day
The day after
The following day
A day later
The ... after
The following ...
The ... before
The Previous ...
... before
... earlier
The day before
The previous day
The preceeding day
Two day before
There
That

11

These

Those

Di bawah ini adalah contoh-contoh direct dan indirect speech untuk menambah
pemahaman mengenai penjelasan di atas.
Direct Speech
He said, I have a present for you in my
(+)
bag. here
(-)

(?)

Indirect Speech
He said that he had a present for me
in his bag there.

He said, I do not have a present for you He said that he did not have a present
in my bag
for me in his bag.

He asked, Do I have a present for you in He asked me if/whether he had a

my bag?
present for me in his bag.

(?) He asked me, Why do I have to have a

present for you in my bag?

He asked me why he had to have a

present for me in his bag.

(!) He ordered/commanded me, Bring my

bag here now!
He ordered me, Dont bring your bag
(!)
here!

He ordered/commanded me to bring
his bag there then.
He ordered me not to bring my bag
there.

SOAL REPORTED SPEECH

1. The woman says to him: you play the piano well.

The girl says to him that .
A. you play the piano well.
B. he play the piano well
C. he plays the piano well
D. he played the piano well
E. you played the piano well
2. Did he leave a message for me?
yes, he said. tonight.
A. he called you
B. he would call him
C. you called her

D. he would call you

E. I would call you
3. You mustnt forget what I told you.
She told me ..
A. that I hadnt to forget what she had told me
B. that I didnt have to forget what I had told her.
C. that I mustnt have forgotten what I told you.
D. that I didnt have to forget what she had told me
E. that I was not to forget what she had told me.sing so loudly
4. Tony said to me: Why does she sing so loudly?
A. Tony said to me why does she sing so loudly
B. Tony asked me why did she sing so loudly.
C. Tony asked why does she sing so loudly
D. Tony asked me why she sang so loudly
E. Tony asked me why she did sing so loudly
5. How many pieces of bread can you eat? She said
A. She said how many pieces of bread I can eat
B. She wanted to know how many pieces of bread you cculd eat
C. She asked how could I eat a lot of bread
D. She asked how many pieces of bread I could eat
E. She asked me how many pieces of bread I can eat
6. Where did you go four days ago? John asked.
Tony asked .
A. where did I go four days ago
B. where I did go four days ago
C. Where I had gone four days before
D. where I had gone four days ago.
E. where I went four days before
7. Did you have an assignment last month? Father asked me
Father asked me
A. did I have an assignment last month
B. I did have an assignment last month
C. if I had had an assignment the month before
D. if I did have an assignment the month before
E. if I had had an assignment the month before
8. Were you at the party last night? Tony said.
A. Tony said that I was at the party the night be tofore
B. Tony wanted to know if he was at the party the night before
C. Tony asked me if I was at the party
D. Tony wanted to know if I had been at the party the night before
E. Tony said to me that I had been at the party the night before
9. Rudy said to me, Can I help you find a hotel?
A. Rudy asked me if I could help her find a hotel

B. I wondered if my friend could help me find a hotel

C. Rudy said that I could help me find a hotel
D. Rudy asked me to find a hotel for him
E. Rudy asked me whether he could help me find a hotel
10.Teacher : Why was Mary absent yesterday?
Jenifer : What did the teacher want to know, Ferdy?
Ferdy : he wanted to know ____
A. if Mary was absent
B. why Mary was absent
C. why was Mary absent
D. that Mary had been absen
E. why Mary had been absent