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Handy Unix Commands For A DBA

The document provides handy Unix commands for database administrators (DBAs) including crontab syntax for scheduling tasks, file permission details, finding and manipulating files, and more. Key commands covered include crontab to edit and view cron jobs, ps and grep to find and kill processes, find to locate files, and vi delete commands as a reference. The document also demonstrates using commands like awk, sed, sort and cut to manipulate output and extract specific fields.

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mdrajiv
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123 views3 pages

Handy Unix Commands For A DBA

The document provides handy Unix commands for database administrators (DBAs) including crontab syntax for scheduling tasks, file permission details, finding and manipulating files, and more. Key commands covered include crontab to edit and view cron jobs, ps and grep to find and kill processes, find to locate files, and vi delete commands as a reference. The document also demonstrates using commands like awk, sed, sort and cut to manipulate output and extract specific fields.

Uploaded by

mdrajiv
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as TXT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Handy Unix commands for a DBA

Note: Proofread any scripts before using. Always try scripts on a test instance
first. This Blog is not responsible for any damage.
Crontab Syntax:
"crontab -e" to edit the cron entries and "crontab -l" to list the cron entries
*
*
* *
*
command to be executed
- |
|
| |
|
|
|
| |
+----- day of week (0 - 6) (Sunday=0)
|
|
| +------- month (1 - 12)
|
|
+--------- day of month (1 - 31)
|
+----------- hour (0 - 23)
+------------- min (0 - 59)
For example:
A line in crontab file like below:
To submit a task to run every hour at 15 minutes past the hour on weekdays (days
1-5)
15 * 1-5 * * /oracle/scripts/truncate_listener.sh > /dev/null 2>&1
To submit a task to run every 15 minuteson weekends (days 6 and 0)
00,15,30,45 * 0,6 * * /oracle/scripts/truncate_listener.sh > /dev/null 2>&1
Changing the parameter values as below will cause this command to run at differe
nt time schedule below :
min
hour
day/month
month day/week
Execution time
30
0
1
1,6,12 *

00:30 Hrs on 1st of Jan, June & Dec.


0
.

20

5,10
0
very month

10

1-5

8.00 PM every weekday (Mon-Fri) only in Oct

1,10,15 *

midnight on 1st ,10th & 15th of month

10

At 12.05,12.10 every Monday & on 10th of e

File permission details


Owner
---------7 (u+rwx)
6 (u+wx)
5 (u+Rx)
4 (u+r)
2 (u+w)
1 (u+x)

Group
---------7 (g+rwx)
6 (g+wx)
5 (g+Rx)
4 (g+r)
2 (g+w)
1 (g+x)

World
---------7 (o+rwx)
6 (o+wx)
5 (o+Rx)
4 (o+r)
2 (o+w)
1 (o+x)

Permission
----------------------read + write + execute
write + execute
read + execute
read only
write only
execute only

Displays the full path of (shell) commands


which zip
How to kill all similar processes with single command (in this case devusr)
ps -ef | grep devusr | grep -v grep | awk '{print $2}' | xargs -i kill -9 {}
Locating Files under a particular directory
find . -print | grep -i test.sql
Find/Zip/Move/Delete files older than one day

Finds and lists the files


: find ./ -name "*.ARC" -mtime +1 -exec ls -l {
} \;
Finds and removes the files : find ./ -name "*.ARC" -mtime +1 -exec rm {} \;
Finds and zips the files
: find ./ -name "*.ARC" -mtime +1 -exec gzip {}
\;
Finds and moves the files
: find ./ -name "*.arc" -mtime +1 -exec mv {} /ora
cle/backup/;
Remove DOS style CR/LF characters (^M) from UNIX files
sed -e 's/^M$//' filename > tempfile
Using AWK in UNIX
To get a specific column of output from a UNIX command
for example to determine th
e UNIX process ids for all Oracle processes on server (second column)
ps -ef | grep -i oracle | awk '{ print $2 }'
Changing the standard prompt for Oracle Users - Edit the .profile for the oracle
user
PS1="`hostname`*$ORACLE_SID:$PWD>"
Display top 10 CPU consumers using the ps command
/usr/ucb/ps auxgw | head -11
Show number of active Oracle dedicated connection users for a particular ORACLE_
SID
ps -ef | grep $ORACLE_SID | grep -v grep | grep -v ora_ | wc -l
Delete the 500 oldest files
rm -f `ls -tr | head -500`
Check all logs for ORA- errors
grep ^ORA- *log | cut -f2 -d"-" | cut -f1 -d: | awk '{print "ORA-" $1}' | sort u
For Find and grep
find ./ -grep <what> {} \; -print 2>/dev/null
(or) find ./ -exec grep -l "string" {} \;
Display only directiories details
ls -l | grep ^d
Display the number of CPU's
Solaris : psrinfo -v | grep "Status of processor"|wc -l
Aix : lsdev -C | grep Process | wc -l
Display RAM Memory size on Solaris
prtconf | grep -i mem
Display RAM memory size on AIX
First determine name of memory device
lsdev -C | grep mem
then assuming the name of the memory device is 'mem0'
lsattr -El mem0
Swap space allocation and usage
Solaris : swap -s or swap -l
Aix : lsps -a
Total number of semaphores held by all instances on server
ipcs -as | awk '{sum += $9} END {print sum}'

View allocated RAM memory segments


ipcs -pmb
Manually deallocate shared memeory segments
ipcrm -m '<ID>'
Show mount points for a disk in AIX
lspv -l hdisk13
Display amount of occupied space (in KB) for a file or collection of files in a
directory or sub-directory
du -ks * | sort -n | tail
Display total file space in a directory
du -ks .
Cleanup any unwanted trace files more than seven days old
find . *.trc -mtime +7 -exec rm {} \;
Locate Oracle files that contain certain strings
find . -print | xargs grep rollback
Locate recently created UNIX files (in the past one day)
find . -mtime -1 -print
Finding large files on the server (more than 100MB in size)
find . -size +102400 -print
vi delete commands - reference
A lot of times all people need is a quick reference, so I'll start with a refere
nce of vi/vim delete commands:
x - delete current character
dw - delete current word
dd - delete current line
5dd - delete five lines
d$ - delete to end of line
d0 - delete to beginning of line
:1,.d
delete to beginning of file
:.,$d
delete to end of file

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