Bingaman v. Golden Eagle Western Lines, Inc., 297 U.S. 626 (1936)
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Scribd Government DocsBingaman v. Golden Eagle Western Lines, Inc., 297 U.S. 626 (1936)
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Scribd Government Docs297 U.S.
626
56 S.Ct. 624
80 L.Ed. 928
BINGAMAN, Com'r of Revenue of New Mexico, et al.
v.
GOLDEN EAGLE WESTERN LINES, Inc.
No. 520.
Argued March 5, 1936.
Decided March 30, 1936.
Appeal from the District Court of the United States for the District of New
Mexico.
Messrs. J. R. Modrall, Quincy D. Adams, and Frank H. Patton, all of
Santa Fe , N.M., for appellants.
Messrs. Ivan Bowen, of Minneapolis, Minn., E. R. Wright, of Santa Fe ,
N.M., and Earl A. Bagby, of Chicago, Ill., for appellee.
Mr. Justice SUTHERLAND delivered the opinion of the Court.
Appellee, a corporation organized under the laws of Delaware, is a common
carrier operating a line of busses over the public highways of several states,
including New Mexico, its business being limited to interstate transportation. It
does no intrastate business in New Mexico, and expressly disclaims any
intention of doing any such busi ess in the future. The busses are propelled by
gasoline, which, so far as this case is concerned, is purchased in another state,
placed in tanks attached to the busses, and transported and used exclusively in
interstate commerce.
A statute of the state (chapter 176, 2, Session Laws of 1933) imposes 'an
excise tax of five cents (5) per gallon upon the sale and use of all gasoline and
motor fuel.' Section 3 of the act prohibits any 'distributor' from importing,
receiving, using, selling or distributing any motor fuel, unless such distributor
is the holder of an uncancelled annual license issued by the state comptroller.
For the license a fee is exacted of $25 for each distribution station or place of
business or agency. A 'distributor,' as defined by section 1 of the act, includes a
corporation consuming and using in the state any motor fuel purchased in and
brought from another state. For failure to comply with the statute penalties are
incurred. The effect of the statute is to compel a common carrier engaged
exclusively in interstate transportation to procure a licnese as a 'distributor' and
pay an excise tax upon the use of motor fuel purchased in, and brought from,
another state and used only in such transportation.
3
By an act, passed in 1931, Laws 1931, c. 31, provision is made for refunding
taxes collected upon the purchase of gasoline in certain specified quantities and
used for other purposes than the operation of motor vehicles upon the streets
and highways of the state.
This suit was brought against appellants, state officers, to enjoin the threatened
enforcement of the foregoing statutory provisions, together with the penal
provisions connected therewith, on the ground, among others, that they
constitute a regulation of interstate commerce in contravention of the
commerce clause of the Federal Constitution. The case was heard by the lower
court, consisting of three judges as the federal law requires (Jud.Code 266, 28
U.S.C.A. 380), and a decree entered in accordance with the prayer of the bill.
Golden Eagle Western Lines, Inc., v. Bingaman (D.C.) 14 F.Supp. 17.
The case turns upon the question whether the pertinent statutory provisions
exact a charge as compensation to the state for the use of its highways, or
impose an excise tax for the use of an instrumentality of interstate commerce. If
the former, the tax should be sustained; if the latter, it clearly contravenes the
commerce clause and must be held bad. Helson and Randolph v. Kentucky, 279
U.S. 245, 49 S.Ct. 279, 73 L.Ed. 683, and cases cited. The state supreme court
has construed the provisions in George E. Breece Lumber Co. v. Mirabal, 34
N.M. 643, 287 P. 699, 84 A.L.R. 827, and Transcontinental & Western Air,
Inc., v. Lujan, 36 N.M. 64, 8 P.(2d) 103; and the court below, rightly
concluding that it was bound by this construction,* thought that it settled the
matter against the validity of the tax. With this view we agree.
The New Mexico decisions dealt with an earlier act, the terms of which,
however, without material change, were carried forward into the act of 1933,
with the result that the new act became a continuation of the earlier one. Bear
Lake & River Waterworks & Irrigation Co. v. Garland, 164 U.S. 1, 11-14, 17
S.Ct. 7, 41 L.Ed. 327. Compare Posadas v. National City Bank of New York,
296 U.S. 497, 56 S.Ct. 349, 80 L.Ed. 351, January 6, 1936. In the Breece Case
the state court held that the exaction was a general excise tax upon the use of
all gasoline in the state, and that it was not imposed for the use of the state
roads. The court considered the suggestion that the entire proceeds of the tax
were devoted by law to the building and improvement of the state highways,
but said that this would not alter the fact that the tax was not exacted for the
privilege of using hese highways. The Lujan Case reached the same conclusion.
The state court crew a sharp distinction between the excise tax on the sale and
that on the use of gasoline, holding the first to be valid and the second to be
repugnant to the commerce clause of the federal Constitution as applied to an
interstate air carrier. Both cases definitely refused to accept the view that the
tax was a charge for the use of the highways.
7
Appellants contend that the refund provisions of the later 1931 statute, supra,
nevertheless, demonstrate that the state legislature intended that the excise tax
now in question should constitute compensation for the use of the highways.
But the so-called refund provisions apply only in the case of taxes collected
upon the purchase of gasoline, not of taxes collected for its use. Moreover, the
state court in the Lujan Case, 36 N.M. 64, at page 74, 8 P.(2d) 103, considered
a like contention and rejected it as without substance.
As applied to appellee, an interstate carrier doing no intrastate business of any
description, section 3 of the act, which exacts license fees from distributors, is
plainly invalid as imposing a direct burden upon interstate commerce. Crutcher
v. Kentucky, 141 U.S. 47, 58, 59, 11 S.Ct. 851, 35 L.Ed. 649; International
Textbook Co. v. Pigg, 217 U.S. 91, 108-113, 30 S.Ct. 481, 54 L.Ed. 678, 27
L.R.A.(N.S.) 493, 18 Ann.Cas. 1103.
Decree affirmed.
United States v. Kombst, 286 U.S. 424, 426, 52 S.Ct. 616, 76 L.Ed. 1201; Frost
& Forst Trucking Co. v. Railroad Commission of California, 271 U.S. 583,
591, 592, 46 S.Ct. 605, 70 L.Ed. 1101, 47 A.L.R. 457.
