Oxidation and Reduction Reactions Workbook

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Contents
Oxidation, Reduction, Agents, & Reactions
Oxidation Numbers Spontaneous Reactions
Oxidation Numbers, Application to Reactions
Balancing Redox Half Reactions Acid/Base.
Balancing Redox Reactions in Acid/Base
Standard Potentials Using Chart
Electrochemical Cells
Electrolytic Cells.
Application of Electrolytic Cells
Corrosion, Redox Titrations, Breathalyzer

Work Sheet
WS 1
WS2
WS3
WS4
WS5
WS6
WS7
WS8
WS9
WS10

Page 1 of 117

Worksheet #1
Redox Half Reactions and Reactions
Define each
1.
2.
3.
4.

Oxidation
Reduction
Oxidizing agent
Reducing agent

Write half reactions for each of the following atoms or ions. Label each as oxidation or reduction.
5.

Al

6.

7.

O-2

8.

Ba2+

9.

N3-

10.

Br2

11.

12.

Ca

13

Ga3+

14.

15.

H2

16.

H+

17.

F-

18.

P3-

Page 2 of 117

Balance each spontaneous redox equation. Identify the entities reduced and oxidized. State the
reducing agent and the oxidizing agent.
19.

Al

&

Zn2+

20.

F2

&

O2-

21.

O2

&

Ca

22.

Al3+

&

Li

Write the oxidation and reduction reactions for each redox reaction. The first one is done for you.
23.

24.

Fe2+

Co

Oxidation:

Co

Co2+

2e-

Reduction:

Fe2+

2e-

Fe

3 Ag+

Co2+

Fe

Ni

Ni3+

3 Ag

Pb

Pb2+

Cu

2 Sn

O2-

2 Sn2+

Oxidation:
Reduction:
25.

Cu2+
Oxidation:
Reduction:

26.

O2
Oxidation:

Page 3 of 117

Reduction:
Co2+

27.

2 F-

Co

F2

Oxidation:
Reduction:
28. There are nine formulas for oxidizing agents from questions 19 to 28. List them all. Only
consider formulas that are on the left side of any equation. The first one is done for you.
Zn2+
29. There are nine formulas for reducing agents from questions 19 to 28. List them all. Only
consider formulas that are on the left side of any equation. The first one is done for you.
Al

Page 4 of 117

Worksheet #2
Redox Half Reactions and Reactions
1.

2.

State the Oxidation Number of each of the elements that is underlined.

a) NH3

_____

b) H2SO4

_____

c) ZnSO3

_____

d) Al(OH)3

_____

e) Na

_____

f) Cl2

_____

g) AgNO3

_____

h) ClO4-

_____

i) SO2

_____

j) K2Cr2O4

_____

k) Ca(ClO3)2

_____

l) K2Cr2O7

_____

m) HPO32-

_____

n) HClO

_____

o) MnO2

_____

p) KClO3

_____

q) PbO2

_____

r) PbSO4

_____

s) K2SO4

_____

t) NH4+

_____

u) Na2O2

_____

v) FeO

_____

w) Fe2O3

_____

x) SiO44-

_____

y) NaIO3

_____

z) ClO3-

_____

aa) NO3-

_____

bb) Cr(OH)4

_____

cc) CaH2

_____

dd) Pt(H2O)5(OH)2+ _____

ee) Fe(H2O)63+

_____

ff) CH3COOH_____

What is the oxidation number of carbon in each of the following substances?

a) CO

_____

b) C

_____
Page 5 of 117

3.
a)

b)

c) CO2

_____

d) CO32-

_____

e) C2H6

_____

f) CH3OH

_____

For each of the following reactants, identify: the oxidizing agent, the reducing agent, the
substance oxidized and the substance reduced.
Cu2+ (aq) +
Zn (s)

Cu(s) +
Zn2+ (aq)
Substance oxidized
Oxidizing agent

_____
_____

Cl2 (g) +

2 Na (s)

Substance oxidized
Oxidizing agent

Substance reduced
Reducing agent
2 Na+ (aq)

_____
_____

_____
_____

2 Cl- (aq)

Substance reduced
Reducing agent

____
_____

Worksheet # 3
Spontaneous and Non-spontaneous Redox Reactions
Page 6 of 117

Describe each reaction as spontaneous or non-spontaneous.

1.

Au3+

Fe2+

Au

2.

Pb

Fe2+

Pb2+

3.

Cl2

F2

4.

S2O82- + Pb

2SO42-

+ Pb2+

5.

Cu2+ +

2Br-

Cu

Br2

6.

Sn2+

Br2

Sn4+ +

2Br-

7.

Pb2+

Fe2+

Fe3+ +

Pb

8.

Can you keep 1 M HCl in an iron container? If the answer is no, write a balanced equation for
the reaction that would occur.

9.

Can you keep 1 M HCl in an Ag container? If the answer is no, write a balanced equation for
the reaction that would occur.

10.

Can you keep 1 M HNO3 in an Ag container? If the answer is no, write a balanced equation
for the reaction that would occur. (HNO3 consists of two ions H+ and NO3-)

11.

Can you keep 1 M HNO3 in an Au container? If the answer is no, write a balanced equation
for the reaction that would occur. (Remember, HNO3 consists of two ions H+ and NO3-)

12.

Circle each formula that is able to lose an electron

O2

13.

Fe3+
Fe3+
F-

Cl-

Fe

2Cl-

Na+

Determine the oxidation number for the element underlined.

Page 7 of 117

PbSO4
HP032CaH2
NaIO3
14.

__________
__________
__________
__________

Al3+ +

Zn

ClO3Na2O2
Al2(SO4)3
C4H12

__________
__________
__________
__________

Al

Zn2+

Substance oxidized _______ Oxidizing agent ________

15.

Cr2O72-

ClO2-

Cr3+

ClO4-

Substance reduced ________ Oxidizing agent ________

16.

State the Oxidation Number of each of the elements that is underlined.

a) NH3
c) ZnCO3
e) Na

__________
__________
__________

b) H2SO4
d) Al(OH)3
f) Cl2

__________
__________
__________

17. Balance the redox equation using the half reaction method.
Al
&
AgNO3

18. Circle each formula that is able to lose an electron

Cl-

O2

Na+

Fe

Determine the oxidation number for the element underlined.

19.
PbSO4
__________
20.
ClO3
__________
21.
HPO32__________
22.
Na202
__________
23.
CaH2
__________
24.
NaIO3
__________
25.
C4H12
__________
26.
Al2(SO4)3
__________
27.

Al3+

Zn

Substance oxidized

Al

__________

Zn2+

Oxidizing agent

__________

Page 8 of 117

28.

Cr2O72- +

ClO2-

Substance reduced
29.

Cr3+

__________

O3 + H2O + SO2

3As2O3

ClO4-

Oxidizing agent

SO42- + O2

Substance oxidized__________
30.

+ 2H+

Reducing agent

4NO3- + 7H2O + 4 H+ 6H3AsO4

Substance reduced __________

__________

Reducing agent

__________
+ 4NO
__________

Page 9 of 117

Worksheet # 4
Balancing Redox Reactions
Balance each of the following half-cell reactions. (In each case assume that the reaction takes place
in an ACIDIC solution.) Also, state whether the reaction is oxidation or reduction.
1.

S2O32-

SO42-

2.

MnO4-

Mn2+

3.

As

AsO43-

4.

Cr3+

Cr2O72-

5.

Pb2+

PbO2

6.

SO42-

7.

NO3-

NO

8.

NO3-

NH4+

9.

BrO3-

Br2

Page 10 of 117

Balancing Half Cell Reactions

Balance in basic solution.
10.

NO3-

NO

11.

MnO4-

Mn2+

12.

As

AsO43-

13.

Cr3+

Cr2O72-

14.

Pb2+

PbO2

15.

SO42-

16.

S2O32-

17.

NO3-

NH4+

18.

BrO3-

Br2

SO42-

Page 11 of 117

19. Determine if each of the following changes is oxidation, reduction or neither.

20.

SO32-

SO42-

________________

CaO

Ca

________________

CrO42-

Cr2O72-

________________

CrO42-

Cr3+

________________

2I-

I2

________________

IO3-

I2

________________

MnO4-

Mn2+

________________

ClO2-

ClO-

________________

Cr2O72-

Substance oxidized
Oxidizing agent

Fe2+

_____
_____

Cr3+

Fe3+

Substance reduced
Reducing agent

_____
_____

Worksheet # 5
Page 12 of 117

Balancing Redox Reactions in Acid and Basic Solution

Balance each redox equation. Assume all are spontaneous. Use the half reaction method.
1.

O2-

F2

2.

Al

O2

3.

Zn+2

Balance each half reaction in basic solution.

4.

Cr2O72

5.

Cr3+

NO

NO3-

6.

SO42-

SO2

7.

MnO2

Mn2O3

Balance each redox reaction in acid solution using the half reaction method.
8.

H2O2 +

Cr2O72-

9.

TeO32- +

N2O4

10.

ReO4- +

IO-

O2

Te

IO3-

Cr3+

NO3-

Re

Page 13 of 117

11.

PbO2 +

12.

I2

As

Pb2+

IO3-

H2AsO4-

AsH3

Balance each redox reaction in basic solution using the half reaction method.

13.

O2

Cr3+

H2O2

Cr2O72-

14.

Te

NO3-

TeO32-

N2O4

15.

IO3-

Re

ReO4-

IO-

16.

Pb2+

IO3-

17.

Cr2O72- +

Hg

PbO2

Hg2+

I2

Cr3+

State of the change represents oxidation, reduction or neither.

Use oxidation #s.
Remember that if the oxidation # increases it means oxidation and when it decreases it mean
reduction!
Page 14 of 117

18.

MnO2

Mn2O3

19.

NH3

NO2

20.

HClO4

HCl

21.

O2

O2-

22.

P2O5

P4H10

H2O

Determine the oxidation number

23.

H2S O4

22.

HS O4-

24.

P4

23.

NaH

25.

U O3

24.

Na2O 2

26.

U 2O5

25.

P b SO4

Worksheet # 6
Review
1.

Describe each in your own words

Page 15 of 117

a) Oxidation
b) Reduction
c) Oxidizing agent
d) Reducing agent
2. Write half reactions for each. Describe as oxidation or reduction. Circle all oxidizing agents.
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)

Na
Ca
Al3+
F1N2
O2-

3. Write the reaction between the following: Use the half reaction method.
a)

Ca

Al(NO3)3

b)

Sn

AgNO3

c)

Sn

Au(NO3)3

Cu

Cu+

Al

Al3+

O2-

O2

4.

Circle each reducing agent:

5.

Circle each oxidizing agent: F-

6.

Ni+2 reacts with Mn, however, Al+3 does not react with Mn. Rank the oxidizing agents in order
of decreasing strength. Rank the reducing agents in order of decreasing strength.

7.

Ag+ reacts with Pb, however, Ca+2 does not react with Pb. Rank the reducing agents in order
of decreasing strength. Rank the oxidizing agents in order of decreasing strength.

Page 16 of 117

8.

Cl2 reacts with Ag, however, Ag does not react with Mg+2. Rank the oxidizing agents in order
of decreasing strength. Rank the reducing agents in order of decreasing strength.

9.

Ni+2 reacts with Mn, however, Al+3 does not react with Mn. Rank the reducing agents in order
of decreasing strength. Rank the oxidizing agents in order of decreasing strength.

10.

Cl2 reacts with Br-, however, I2 does not react with Br-. Rank the oxidizing agents in order of
decreasing strength. Rank the reducing agents in order of decreasing strength.

Classify as oxidation, reduction or neither.

11.

SO42-

S2-

12.

MnO2

MnO4-

13.

Cr2O72-

CrO42-

14.

IO3-

I2

15.

Given the following lab data

SnCl2
Ni(NO3)2
Cr(NO3)3

&
&
&

Ni
Fe
Fe

Spontaneous
Spontaneous
Non spontaneous.

i)

Write three balanced equations.

ii)

Rank the oxidizing agents in decreasing order of strength.

iii)

Rank the reducing agents in decreasing order of strength.

Page 17 of 117

16.

iv)

Will SnCl2 react with Cr? Explain?

v)

Will Fe2+ react with Sn?

Determine the oxidizing and reducing agent. Balance in acidic solution.
MnO4- +

17.

H2S

MnO

Determine the oxidizing and reducing agent. Balance in acidic solution.

SO42- +

Br2

S2O32- +

MnO4-

18.

Balance in basic solution

19.

Describe as spontaneous or non-spontaneous. Use your reduction potential chart.

a)
c)

20.

ZnCl2 &
Br2

Cu
&

Fe2+

BrO3-

H2S

b)
d)

CuCl2 &
H2S

MnO

NaCl
&
Al3+

Can you keep HCl in a Zn container? Explain? What about an Au container?

Page 18 of 117

Balance in basic solution

21.

SO42- +

Br2

S2O32- +

BrO3-

Classify as an oxidizing agent, reducing agent or both based on its position on the table.
State the Eo or voltage of its position. Some of these are both, so state two voltages and indicate that it
can be an oxidizing and reducing agent.
e.g.

MnO422.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.

(in acid)
oxidizing agent
1.51 V
Br2
_________________
_________________
2+
Fe
_________________
_________________
MnO4- (water)_________________
_________________
Ni
_________________
_________________
Cr3+
_________________
_________________
H2O
_________________
_________________

Indicate as spontaneous or non-spontaneous.

28.
29.
30.

MnO4- (Alkaline) & Fe2+

HNO3
&
Ag
HCl
&
Mg

Write each oxidation and reduction half reaction for each question above. Determine the Eo for each.
Calculate the Eo for the overall reaction.
34.
35.
36.

Worksheet # 7
Electrochemical Cells
1.

Oxidation is when electrons are

.
Page 19 of 117

2.

Reduction is when electrons are

3.

The reducing agent undergoes

4.

The oxidizing agent undergoes

5.

A negative voltage means the reaction is

6.

In an electrochemical cell electrons exit the electrode which is

7.

In an electrochemical cell the reduction reaction is

oxidation reaction is
.

8.

The cathode is the site of

9.

Anions migrate to the

10.

Anions have a

.
.
on the chart, while the

and the anode is the site of

and cations migrate to the

charge and cations have a

.
.

charge.

Draw and completely analyze each electrochemical cell.

11.

Zn / Zn(NO3)2

12.

Ag / AgNO3

ll

ll

Cu / Cu(NO3)2

H2 / HCl

Worksheet # 8
Electrolytic Cells
1.

In an electrolytic cell, reduction occurs at the

the
electrode.

electrode and oxidation occurs at

Page 20 of 117

2.

If there are two possible reduction reactions, the

one on the chart occurs.

3.

For reduction, the chart is read from

to

4.

For oxidation, the chart is read from

voltage is
.

to

5.

If there are two possible oxidation reactions, the

6.

Corrosion of a metal is

7.

Electrolysis

8.

Electrochemical cells

9.

Electrolytic cells

10.

What is the standard reference cell?

.
and the sign of the
one on the chart occurs.

.
electrical energy.
electrical energy.
electrical energy.
Eo =

Draw and completely analyze each electrolytic cell.

11.

Molten NaCl

12.

Aqueous Na2SO4

13.

Liquid K2O

Page 21 of 117

14.

1.0 M LiI

15.

250.0 mL of 0.200 M MnO4- reacts with excess SO3-2. How many grams of
MnO2 are produced? This is Chemistry 11 stoichiometry.
2MnO4- + 3SO32- + H2O 2MnO2 + 3SO42- + 2OH-

16.

Determine the oxidation number for each underlined atom.

MnO2
Cr2O72IO3C2O42Al(NO3)3

17.

Describe each term:

Salt bridge
Electrolyte
Anode
Cathode
Spontaneous
Electron affinity

18.

What would happen if you used an aluminum spoon to stir a solution of FeSO4(aq)? Write a
reaction and calculate Eo.

19.

Draw an electrochemical cell using Cu and Ag electrodes.

Page 22 of 117

20.

250.0 mL of 0.500 M MnO4- are required to titrate a 100.0 ml sample of SO3-2. Calculate the
[SO3-2]
2MnO4- + 3SO32- + H2O 2MnO2 + 3SO42- + 2OH-

21.

How is the breathalyzer reaction used to determine blood alcohol content (you might need to
look this up in your textbook?

22.

2H+ + Mg Mg2+ +H2

Oxidizing agent__________

Reducing agent_________

Worksheet # 9
Electrolytic, Electrochemical Cells & Application
Determine the half reactions for each cell and the cell voltage or minimum theoretical voltage and
overall equation.
Page 23 of 117

1.

Ag / Pb electrochemical cell.
Anode:
Anode reaction:
Overall reaction:

2.

ZnCl2(l) electrolytic cell (electrowinning)

Anode:
Anode reaction:
Overall reaction:

3.

Cathode:
Cathode reaction:
MTV:

The electrolysis of 1M NaI (electrowinning)

Anode:
Anode reaction:
Overall reaction:

5.

Cathode:
Cathode reaction:
MTV:

CuSO4(aq) electrolytic cell (electrowinning)

Anode:
Anode reaction:
Overall reaction:

4.

Cathode:
Cathode reaction:
Voltage:

Cathode:
Cathode reaction:
MTV:

The reaction needed to make Al. The electrolyte is

(molten or aqueous).

and its phase is

To lower the mp. from 2000 oC to 800 oC

is used.
Anode:
Cathode:
Anode reaction:
Cathode reaction:
Overall reaction:
6.

The reaction needed to electroplate a copper penny with silver.

Anode:
Anode reaction:

Cathode:
Cathode reaction:

Possible Electrolyte:
7.

The reaction needed to nickel plate a copper penny.

Anode:
Anode reaction:

Cathode:
Cathode reaction:

Possible Electrolyte:
8.

The reaction used in the electro refining of lead.

Page 24 of 117

Anode:
Anode reaction:

Cathode:
Cathode reaction:

Possible Electrolyte:

Worksheet # 10
Electrolytic, Electrochemical Cells, Corrosion, & Cathodic Protection
Determine the half reactions for each cell and the cell voltage or minimum theoretical voltage.
1.

Zn / Mg electrochemical cell
Page 25 of 117

Anode:
Anode reaction:
Overall reaction:

Cathode:
Cathode reaction:
Voltage:

2.

The electrolytic cell used to produce Al.

Phase (aqueous or molten)
Cathode:
Cathode reaction:

3.

Electrolyte:
Anode:
Anode reaction:
Overall reaction:
The electrolysis KI(aq)
Anode:
Anode reaction:
Overall reaction:

Cathode:
Cathode reaction:
MTV

4.

The electrorefining of Pb
Anode:
Anode reaction:

5.

Cathode:
Cathode reaction:

Nickel plating a iron nail.

Anode:
Cathode:
Anode reaction:
Cathode reaction:
Electrolyte
The -ve side of the power supply is connected to the

6.

Draw an Ag/ Zn electrochemical cell.

7.

Draw a KF(l) electrolytic cell.

8.

Draw a KF(aq) electrolytic cell.

9.

Draw a FeI2(aq) electrolytic cell.

Page 26 of 117

10.

Draw a Cd/Pb electrochemical cell. Cd is not on the reduction chart, however, the Cd
electrode gains mass and the total cell potential is 0.5 v. Determine the half-cell potential for
Cd.

11.

Write the overall reaction and describe the anode and cathode for a Zn/C, fuel, alkaline and
lead/acid cell.

12.

2HIO3 +

5H2SO3

oxidizing agent
substance reduced

I2 +

5H2SO4

H2O

substance oxidized
reducing agent

13.

What is the electrolyte in a fuel cell?

14.

What is the fuel in a fuel cell?

15.

Describe the differences and similarities between an electrolytic and electrochemical cell.

16.

Describe and give two examples of electrowinning.

17.

Describe and give one example of electrorefining.

Page 27 of 117

18.

List three metals that can be won from aqueous solution.

19.

List three metals that cannot be won from aqueous solution.

20.

List the electrolyte in each of the following.

Fuel cell,
Alkaline battery
Dry Cell (Leclanche)
Lead acid battery

21.

State two metals that can be used to cathodically protect Fe. Describe how they protect iron
from corrosion.

22.

Write the half reaction that describes the corrosion of iron.

23.

Write the half reaction that describes the reduction reaction that occurs when iron corrodes in
air and water.

24.

Why does iron corrode faster in salt water?

25.

Write the anode and cathode reaction in an electrolytic cell with a CaCl2(l) electrolyte.

26.
27.

Explain why you would choose Zn or Cu to cathodically protect iron?

Choose a suitable redox reactant to oxidize Cl- to ClO4- in a redox titration.

28.

Describe as an electrochemical or electrolytic cell:

a) Fuel cell
b) Charging a car battery
Page 28 of 117

c) Discharging a car battery

d) Ni plating
e) Industrial Al production
f) Cl2 production
29.

Write the anode and cathode reactions for each of the above processes.

30.

Al and AgNO3(aq) are mixed and the surface of the Al darkens. List the two oxidizing agents in
decreasing strength. List the two reducing agents in decreasing strength.

31.

Analyze This

Label each anode and cathode.

Write each anode and cathode reaction.
Indicate the ion migration in each cell.
Determine the initial cell voltage of the electrochemical cell.
Determine the MTV for the electrolytic cell.
Will electrolysis occur?
Indicate electron flow.
Indicate all electrodes that gain mass.
Indicate all electrodes that lose mass.
What happens to [NO3-] in the Mg half-cell?
What happens to the [Ag+] in the Ag half-cell?
What happens to [Mg2+] in the Mg half-cell?
What is the equilibrium electrochemical cell potential?
What chemical is made at the Pt electrode on the right?
What chemicals are made at the Pt electrode on the left?

1.0 M KNO3
Ag

Mg

Pt

Pt

Page 29 of 117
1 M Mg(NO3)2

1 M AgNO3

1 M CuSO4

Quiz #1
Agents, Spontaneous Reactions, Oxidation #s, and Strength
1.

In a redox reaction, the species that loses electrons

A.

is oxidized
Page 30 of 117

B.
C.
D.
2.

Which of the following is the strongest oxidizing agent?

A.
B.
C.
D.

3.

Fe2+
Fe3+
Mn2+
MnO4-

Fe3+ to Fe2+
Fe2+ to MnO4MnO4- to Fe2+
MnO4- to Mn2+

As an element is oxidized, its oxidation number

A.
B.
C.
D.

7.

The oxidizing agent in the reaction is

MnO4- + 5Fe2+ + 8H+ Mn2+ + 5Fe3+ + 4H2O

During the reaction, electrons transfer from
A.
B.
C.
D.

6.

Ag, Pt, Au
Pt, Au, Ag
Au, Ag, Pt
Au, Pt, Ag

MnO4- + 5Fe2+ + 8H+ Mn2+ + 5Fe3+ + 4H2O

A.
B.
C.
D.

5.

Cu2+
Pb2+
Ni2+
Sn2+

Metallic platinum reacts spontaneously with Au3+(aq) but does not react with Ag+(aq). The metals,
in order of increasing strength as reducing agents, are
A.
B.
C.
D.

4.

is called the cathode

gains mass at the electrode
decreases in oxidation number

increases as electrons are lost

decreases as electrons are lost
increases as electrons are gained
decreases as electrons are gained

A solution of 1.0 M Pb(NO3)2 will not react with a container made of

A.
B.
C.
D.

Cu
Fe
Sn
Zn
Page 31 of 117

8.

A spontaneous redox reaction occurs when a piece of iron is placed in 1.0 M CuSO4. The
reducing agent is
A.
B.
C.
D.

9.

A substance is oxidized when it

A.
B.
C.
D.

10.

Hg2+

weaker reducing agent than Cu2+

weaker oxidizing agent than Cu2+
stronger reducing agent than Cu2+
stronger oxidizing agent than Cu2+

The species which gains electrons in a redox reaction

A.
B.
C.
D.

13.

Ti2+ is a weaker reducing agent than Sn2+

Ti2+ is a weaker oxidizing agent than Sn2+
Ti2+ is a stronger reducing agent than Sn2+
Ti2+ is a stronger oxidizing agent than Sn2+

Consider the following redox reaction : Hg2+ + Cu Hg + Cu2+ . In this reaction,

A.
B.
C.
D.

12.

loses protons
gains protons
loses electrons
gains electrons

A strip of titanium, Ti, is placed in 1.0 M Sn(NO3)2. The shiny surface of the titanium darkens,
indication that a reaction has occurred. From this observation it may be concluded that
A.
B.
C.
D.

11.
is a

Fe
Cu2+
H2O
SO42-

loses mass
is oxidized
is the oxidizing agent
increases in oxidization number

Samples of Uranium, Vanadium and Yttrium (U, V, Y) were placed in solutions containing the
metallic ions U3+, V2+, and Y3+. The following observations were recorded.
Trial
1
2
3
4

Ion
U3+
V2+
V2+
Y3+

Metal
Y
U
Y
V

Observation
reaction
reaction
reaction
no reaction
Page 32 of 117

The oxidizing agents from the strongest to the weakest are

A.
B.
C.
D.

V2+, U3+, Y3+

U3+, V2+, Y3+
Y3+, U3+, V2+
V2+, Y3+, U3+

Quiz #2
Agents, Spontaneous Reactions, Oxidation #s, and Strength
1.

Which of the following pairs of ions will react spontaneously in a solution?

A.
B.
C.

Cu2+ and Fe2+

Pb2+ and Sn2+
Co2+ and Cr2+
Page 33 of 117

D.
2.

When NO2 reacts to form N2O4 the oxidation number of nitrogen

A.
B.
C.
D.

3.

Mn2+ and Cr2+

increases by 2
increases by 4
increases by 8
does not change

Consider the following redox equation:

12H+(aq) + 2IO3-(aq) + 10Fe2+(aq) 10Fe3+(aq) + I2(s) + 6H2O(l)
The reducing agent is
A.
B.
C.
D.

4.

The oxidation number of nitrogen increases in

A.
B.
C.
D.

5.

VO2 + 2H+ + 2e- V2+ + H2O

VO2 + H2 V2+ + H2O + leVO2 + 2H+ + le- V2+ + H2O
VO2 + 4H+ + 2e- V2+ + 2H2O

Consider the following half reaction: Sb2O3 + 6H+ + 6e- 2Sb + 3H2O
The oxidation number of antimony in Sb2O3
A.
B.
C.
D.

7.

NO3- NO
N2O4 NI3
NH3 NH4+
NO2 N2O5

Which of the following represents a balanced reduction half-reaction?

A.
B.
C.
D.

6.

I2
H+
Fe2+
IO3-

increases by 3
increases by 6
decreases by 3
decreases by 6

Consider the following unbalanced half-reaction

The balanced half-reaction would have

HClO2 HClO
Page 34 of 117

A.
B.
C.
D.
8.

The oxidation number of platinum in Pt(H2O)42+ is

A.
B.
C.
D.

9.

+2
0
+4
+1/2

Consider the following half-reaction:

BrO- BrThe balanced equation for the half-reaction is
A.
B.
C.
D.

10.

1 electron on the left

1 electron on the right
2 electrons on the left
2 electrons on the right

(basic)

BrO- + 2H+ + 2e- Br- + H2O

BrO- + 2H+ Br- + H2O + 2eBrO- + H2O Br- + 2OH- + 2eBrO- + H2O + 2e- Br- + 2OH-

Consider the following redox reaction:

2MnO4- + 5CH3CHO + 6H+ 5CH3COOH + 2Mn2+ + 3H2O
The species that loses the electron is
A.
B.
C.
D.

11.

Hydrogen has an oxidation number of 1 in

A.
B.
C.
D.

12.

H2O
MnO4CH3CHO
CH3COOH

H2
NaH
H2O
KOH

Consider the following:

2NO3- + 4H+ + 2e- N2O4 + 2H2O
This equation represents
A.
B.
C.
D.

reduction
oxidation
neutralization
decomposition
Page 35 of 117

13.

Which of the following half-reactions is balanced?

A.
B.
C.
D.

14.

Consider the following redox reaction: Al + MnO4- + 2H2O Al(OH)4- + MnO2

The chemical species being oxidized is
A.
B.
C.
D.

15.

IO3- + 6H+ +5e- I2 + 3H2O

IO3- + 6H+ + 4e- 1/2 I2 + 3H2O
IO3- + 6H+ I2 + 3H2O + 5eIO3- + 6H+ + 5e- I2 + 3H2O

Al
MnO4Al(OH)4MnO2

Consider the following redox reaction:

6H+ + 6I- + ClO3- 3I2 + 3H2O + ClThe reducing agent is
A.
B.
C.
D.

16.

Nitrogen has an oxidization number of zero in

A.
B.
C.
D.

17.

N2
NO2
NH3
HNO3

When MnO4- reacts to form Mn2+, the manganese in MnO4- is

A.
B.
C.
D.

18.

II2
H+
ClO3-

reduced as its oxidation number increases

reduced as its oxidation number decreases
oxidized as its oxidation number increases
oxidized as its oxidation number decreases

Consider the following reaction:

2HNO3 + 3H2S 2NO + 3S + 4H2O
Page 36 of 117

The nitrogen in HNO3 undergoes

A.
B.
C.
D.
19.

The oxidation number in carbon in CaC2O4 is

A.
B.
C.
D.

20.

reduction
oxidation
electrolysis
neutralization

+2
+3
+4
+6

Consider the following redox reaction:

2Cr3+(aq) + 3Cl2(aq) + 7H2O(l) Cr2O72-(aq) + 6Cl-(aq) + 14H+(aq)
The species which loses electrons is
A.
B.
C.
D.

Cl2
Cr3+
H2O
Cr2O72-

Quiz #3
Balancing Redox reactions- Acid & Base Cell Potentials
1.

Consider the following overall reaction:

2Rh+ + Pb(s) 2Rh(s) + Pb2+0
The E for the half-reaction Rh+ + e- Rh is
A.
B.

E0 = 0.73 V

-0.86 V
-0.60 V
Page 37 of 117

C.
D.
2.

+0.60 V
+0.86 V

Which of the following systems would be correct if the zinc half-cell would have been chosen
as the standard instead of the hydrogen half-cell?

A.
The reduction potentials of all the half-cells would remain unchanged
B.
The reduction potentials of all the half-cells would increase by 0.76 V
C.
The reduction potentials of all the half-cells would have positive values
The reduction potentials of the hydrogen half-cell decrease by 0.76 V
3.

D.

Three beakers contain 1.0 M CuCl2. A piece of metal is placed in each of the beakers
BEAKER
1
2
3

SOLUTION
CuCl2
CuCl2
CuCl2

METAL
Zn
Ag
Ni

Reactions occur in
A.
B.
C.
D.

4.

beaker 2 only
beakers 1, 2, and 3
beakers 1 and 2 only
beakers 1 and 3 only

Consider the following redox reaction:

3SO2 + 3H2O + ClO3- 3SO42- + 6H+ + ClThe reduction half-reaction is
A.
B.
C.
D.

5.

What two substances are produced when Cr and 1.0 M MnO4- react in a basic solution?
A.
B.
C.
D.

6.

ClO3- + 6H+ Cl- + 3H2O + 6eClO3- + 6H+ + 6e- Cl - + 3H2O

SO2 + 2H2O SO42- + 4H+ + 2eSO2 + 2H2O + 2e- SO42- + 4H+

Mn2+ and Cr3+

MnO2 and Cr3+
Mn2+ and Cr2+
MnO2 and CrO42-

Bromine, Br2, will react spontaneously with

Page 38 of 117

A.
B.
C.
D.
7.

The substances H2O2, H3PO4 and H2SO3 in order of increasing strengths as oxidizing agents
are.
A
B.
C.
D.

8.

weak attraction for electrons

strong attraction for electrons
weak ability to become reduced
strong ability to become oxidized

The two species which react spontaneously in acidic solutions are

A.
B.
C.
D.

12.

tin
zinc
aluminum
magnesium

A strong oxidizing agent has a

A.
B.
C.
D.

11.

+0.06 V
+0.39 V
+1.21 V
+1.54 V

A solution of 1.0 M Co(NO3)2 should be stored in a container made of

A.
B.
C.
D.

10.

H2O2, H3PO4, H2SO3

H2SO3, H3PO4, H2O2
H3PO4, H2SO3 , H2O2
H2O2,H2SO3 , H3PO4

Consider the following overall equation for an electrochemical cell:

3Ag+ + Cr Cr3+ + 3Ag
At standard conditions ,the initial cell voltage is
A.
B.
C.
D.

9.

II2
ClCl2

IO3- and I2
SO42- and S
BrO3- and Br AuCl4- and Au

Consider the following redox reaction:

Co2+(aq) + 2Ag(s) 2Ag+(aq) + Co(s)
The reaction is
A.
B.

spontaneous and Eo is positive.

spontaneous and Eo is negative.
Page 39 of 117

C.
D.
13.

Referring to the data booklet, which of the following can act as an oxidizing agent but not as a
reducing agent?
A.
B.
C.
D.

14.

Zn
ClSn2+
Fe3+

Which equation represents a redox reaction?

A.
B.
C.
D.

15.

non-spontaneous and Eo is positive.

non-spontaneous and Eo is negative

Pb2+ + 2Cl- PbCl2

CaO + CO2 CaCO3
Mg + 2HCl MgCl2 + H2
HCl + NaOH NaCl + H2O

In a redox reaction, ClO- was converted to Cl- in a basic solution. The balanced half-reaction
for this process is
A.
B.
C.
D.

ClO- + H2O + 2e- Cl- + 2OHClO- + 2OH- Cl- + 2e- + H2O

ClO- + H2O Cl- + 2e- + 2OHClO- + 2OH- + 2e- Cl- + H2O

Quiz #4
voltmeter

Electrochemical Cells/Electrolytic Cells

1.0 M KNO3

Pb

Zn

Page 40 of 117
1M Zn(NO3)2

1M Pb(NO3)2

1.

In the electrochemical call above, the electrons flow from

A.
B.
C.
D.

2.

The initial cell voltage is

A.
B.
C.
D.

3.

Zn2+ + 2e- Zn
Pb2+ + 2e- Pb
Zn Zn2+ + 2ePb Pb2+ + 2e-

The equation for the half-reaction at the cathode is

A.
B.
C.
D.

6.

gains mass as anions are reduced

loses mass as anions are reduced
gains mass as cations are reduced
loses mass as cations are reduced

The equation for the half-reaction at the anode is

A.
B.
C.
D.

5.

-0.89 V
-0.63 V
+0.63 V
+0.89 V

In an operating lead-zinc electrochemical cell shown above, the cathode

A.
B.
C.
D.

4.

zinc to lead and the mass of zinc increases

zinc to lead and the mass of lead increases
lead to zinc and the mass of zinc increases
lead to zinc and the mass of lead increases

Zn2+ + 2e- Zn
Pb2+ + 2e- Pb
Zn Zn2+ + 2ePb Pb2+ + 2e-

The direction of electron flow in an electrochemical cell is from

A.

anode to cathode through the external wire

Page 41 of 117

B.
C.
D.
7.

cathode to anode through the external wire

anode to cathode through the external wire and back through the salt bridge
cathode to anode through the external wire and back through the salt bridge

Which of the following is formed at the anode during the electrolysis of 1.0 M NaI?
A.
B.
C.
D.

8.

I2
O2
H2
Na

As this cell operates

A.
B.
C.
D.

Cl- is oxidized at the anode

Mg2+ is oxidized at the anode
Cl- is oxidized at the cathode
Mg2+ is oxidized at the cathode

Power Source

Pt

Pt

Molten MgCl2
9.

In an operating electrochemical cell, the anions migrate

A.
B.
C.
D.

towards the anode through the wire

towards the cathode through the wire
towards the anode through the salt bridge
towards the cathode through the salt bridge
voltmeter

1.0 M KNO3

Cu

Mg

Page 42 of 117
1 M Mg(NO3)2

1 M CuSO4

10.

As the above electrochemical cell operates

A.
B.
C.
D.

11.

In the above electrochemical cell, the reaction at the anode is

A.
B.
C.
D.

12.

14.

2.03 V
2.52 V
2.71 V
2.89 V

Which of the following aqueous solutions produces H2(g) and O2(g) during electrolysis
A.
1.0 M KI
B.
1.0 M CuI2
C.
1.0 M K2SO4
D.
1.0 M CuSO4

In the electrolysis of molten zinc chloride, the half-reaction at the anode is

A.
B.
C.
D.

15.

Cu Cu2+ + 2eCu2+ + 2e- Cu

Mg Mg2+ + 2eMg2+ + 2e- Mg

In the above electrochemical cell, the initial voltage is

A.
B.
C.
D.

13.

nitrate ions migrate into the copper half-cell

copper(II) ions migrate through the salt bridge
magnesium ions migrate through the salt bridge
potassium ions migrate into the magnesium half-cell

Cl2 + 2e- 2Cl2Cl- Cl2 + 2eZn2+ 2e- Zn

Zn Zn2+ + 2e-

The initial cell voltage at 25oC is

Page 43 of 117

A.
B.
C.
D.
16.

-1.06 V
-0.54 V
+0.54 V
+1.06 V

The balanced equation for the overall reaction is

Ni+(aq) + Ag(s) Ag+(aq) + Ni(s)
Ni(s) + Ag+(aq) Ag(s) + Ni+(aq)
Ni2+(aq) + 2Ag(s) 2Ag+(aq) + Ni(s)
Ni(s) + 2Ag+(aq) 2Ag(s) + Ni2+(aq)

A.
B.
C.
D.

voltmeter

1.0 M KNO3

Ag

Ni

1 M Ni(NO3)2

17.

This redox reaction occurs because

A.
B.
C.
D.

18.

1 M AgNO3

Ag(s) is a stronger oxidizing agent than Ni(s)

Ag(s) is a weaker reducing agent than Ni(s)
Ag+(aq) is a stronger reducing agent than Ni2+(aq)
Ag+(aq) is a weaker oxidizing agent than Ni2+(aq)

The direction of the electron flow is

voltmeter

A.
B.
C.
D.

from Au to Pb through the wire

from Pb to Au from the wire
from Au 1.0
to MPbKNO
through the salt bridge
from Pb to Au through the salt bridge
3

Pb

Au

Page 44 of 117
1 M Au(NO3)3

1 M Pb(NO3)2

19.

As the cell operates

A.
B.
C.
D.

20.

The initial voltage is

A.
B.
C.
D.

21.

-1.37 V
0.00 V
1.37 V
1.63 V

Which of the following is a balanced half-reaction in base?

A.
B.
C.
D.

22.

NO3- and K+ will migrate toward the Pb half-cell

NO3- and K+ will migrate toward the Au half-cell
NO3- migrates toward the Pb half-cell and K+ will migrate toward the Au
NO3- migrates toward the Au half-cell and K+ will migrate toward the Pb

Cl2 + 3H2O ClO3- + 6H+ + 5eCl2 + 6OH- ClO3- + 5e- + 3H2O

Cl2 + 6H2O 2ClO3- + 12H+ + 10eCl2 + 12OH- 2ClO3- + 6H2O + 10e-

In which of the following unbalanced equations does chromium undergo oxidation?

A.
B.
C.
D.

Cr3+ Cr
Cr3+ Cr2+
Cr3+ Cr2O72CrO42- Cr2O72-

Quiz #5
Application of Cells
1.

The corrosion of iron can be prevented by attaching a piece of zinc to the iron because the
A.
B.

iron acts as an anode

zinc reduces more readily than iron
Page 45 of 117

C.
D.
2.
The

A.
B.
C.
D.
C.
D.

3.

A.
B.

Cu2+(aq) + 2e- Cu(s)

Cu(s) Cu2+(aq) + 2e-

Fe2+(aq) + 2e- Fe(s)

Fe(s) Fe2+(aq) + 2e-

loses electrons at the anode

loses electrons to the cations
gains electrons at the cathode
gains electrons from the anions

extraction of aluminum from bauxite

purification of lead from an impure anode
recovery of zinc from a zinc sulphide solution
production of chlorine from a sodium chloride solution

oxidation of anions
reduction of cations
reduction at the anode
oxidation at the cathode

Hydrogen and oxygen react to provide energy in a

A.
B.
C.
D.

7.

An iron spoon is electroplated with copper.

equation representing the reduction
reaction is

Electroplating always involves the

A.
B.
C.
D.

6.

CATHODE
impure lead
carbon
impure lead
pure lead

An example of electro refining is the

A.
B.
C.
D.

5.

ANODE
carbon
pure lead
pure lead
impure lead

In an operating zinc-copper electrochemical cell, the oxidizing agent

A.
B.
C.
D.

4.

electrons flow from the zinc to the iron

iron ions form more readily than zinc ions

dry cell
fuel cell
alkaline cell
lead-acid storage cell

En electrolytic process is used to purify impure lead. The electrodes are

Page 46 of 117

8.

In the cell below the half-reaction at the cathode is

Cu2+ + 2e- Cu(s)
2SO42- S2O82- + 2eH2O O2(g) + 2H+ + 2e2H2O + 2e- H2(g) + 2OH-

A.
B.
C.
D.

Power Source

Iron Key

Pt

1.0 M CuSO4
9.

In the electrolysis of molten PbBr2, the products at the anode and cathode are

A.
B.
C.
D.

10.

ANODE
(INERT)
Br2
O2
Pb
Br2

CATHODE
(INERT)
H2
Pb
Br2
Pb

Under which conditions could an electrochemical cell provide 0.93V?

A.
B.
C.
D.

Anode
Cu
Mg
Ag
Pb

Cathode
Mg
Cu
Pb
Ag
Page 47 of 117

11.

The reduction reaction in the above electrochemical cell is

A.
B.
C.
D.

12.

produce fuel
electrolyze fuel
produce hydrogen
produce electricity

If a piece of nickel is to be gold-plated using an electrolytic process, which half-reaction

occurs at the cathode?
A.
B.
C.
D.

17.

Ba2+
Al3+
Sn2+
Na+

The principal function of a fuel cell is to

A.
B.
C.
D.

16.

the nickel coin must be the cathode

the cathode must be made of copper
the electrons must flow to the anode
the solution must contain nickel ions

Which of the following ions can be reduced from an aqueous solution

A.
B.
C.
D.

15.

water forming oxygen gas

water forming hydrogen gas
sea water forming chlorine gas
sea water forming bromine liquid

To plate a nickel coin with copper

A.
B.
C.
D.

14.

2e- Pb
Pb2+ + 2ee- Ag
Ag+ + e-

An industrial process involving electrolysis is the reduction of

A.
B.
C.
D.

13.

Pb2+ +
Pb
Ag+ +
Ag

Ni Ni2+ + 2eNi2+ + 2e- Ni

Au Au3+ + 3eAu3+ + 3e- Au

Consider the following redox reaction

As2O3 + 2NO3- + 2H2O + 2H+ 2H3AsO4 + N2O3
In this reaction, nitrogen
Page 48 of 117

A.
B.
C.
D.
18.

In an electrochemical cell, the cathode

A.
B.
C.
D.

19.

loses electrons and increases in oxidation number

gains electrons and increases in oxidation number
loses electrons and decreases in oxidation number
gains electrons and decreases in oxidation number

is reduced
loses mass
is the reducing agent
is the site of reduction

When 1.0 M NaI is electrolyzed, bubbles of gas form on one electrode and a reddish-brown
substance forms on the other. The half-reaction at the cathode is
A.
B.
C.
D.

2I- I2 + 2eNa+ + e- Na
H2O + O2 + 2H+ + 2e2H2O +2e- H2 + 2OH-

Quiz #6
Corrosion & Cathodic Protection Titration
1.

Which of the following metals could be used to cathodically protect a sample of lead?
A.
B.
C.
D.

iron
gold
silver
copper
Page 49 of 117

2.

A piece of iron can be prevented from corroding by

A.
B.
C.
D.

3.

To determine the [Fe2+] in a solution of FeSO4 by a redox titration, a suitable reagent would
be an acidified solution of
A.
B.
C.
D.

4.

Mn
Cu
Pb
Sn

A student attempted to determine the Eo (volts) of the following half-reaction:

Pd2+ + 2e- Pd Pd2+ reacts with Cu(s) but not with Hg(l).
Based on the above, the Eo (volts) of a Pd half-cell is
A.
B.
C.
D.

8.

Paint the iron

Cover the iron with grease
Attach a piece of lead tot he iron
Attach a piece of magnesium to the iron

Corrosion of iron can be prevented by attaching a piece of

A.
B.
C.
D.

7.

it gains electrons
it becomes reduced
it acts as a reducing agent
its oxidation number decreases

Which method will cathodically protect a piece of iron?

A.
B.
C.
D.

6.

Cr3+
Mn2+
SO42Cr2O72-

As a metal corrodes,
A.
B.
C.
D.

5.

making it a cathode
placing it in an acidic solution
attaching a small piece of lead to it
attaching a small piece of gold to it

less than 0.34 V

greater than 1.50 V
greater than 0.85 V but less than 1.50 V
greater than 0.34 V but less than 0.85 V

Consider the following redox equation:

Br2 + SO2 + Na2SO4 + 2H2O 2H2SO4 + 2NaBr
Page 50 of 117

Which of the following is gaining electrons?

A.
B.
C.
D.
9.

Br2
SO2
H2O
Na2SO4

The reaction that occurs when pieces of lead, zinc, copper and silver are placed in a solution
of Ni(NO3)2 is
A.
B.
C.
D.

Pb + Ni2+ Pb2+ + Ni
Zn + Ni2+ Zn2+ + Ni
Cu + Ni2+ Cu2+ + Ni
2Ag + Ni2+ 2Ag+ + Ni

voltmeter

1.0 M KNO3

Cu

Pb

1M Pb(NO3)2

10.

In the electrochemical cell above, the electrons flow from

A.
B.
C.
D.

11.

copper to lead through the wire

lead to copper through the wire
copper to lead through the salt bridge
lead to copper through the salt bridge

In the electrochemical cell above, the initial Eo value is

A.
B.
C.
D.

12.

1M Cu(NO3)2

0.03 V
0.21 V
0.29 V
0.47 V

A reaction that occurs during the corrosion of iron is

A.
B.
C.

Fe + 3e- Fe3+
Fe Fe2+ + 2eFe2+ + 2e- Fe
Page 51 of 117

Fe3+ + e- Fe2+

D.
13.

Consider the following reaction

Zn(s) + 2Ag+(aq) Zn2+(aq) + 2Ag(s)
What volume of 0.500 M AgNO3 is required to react completely with 6.54 g of zinc?
A.
B.
C.
D.

0.0131 L
0.0262 L
0.200 L
0.400 L

Redox Web Review

1)

Which most readily gains electrons?

Cu2+

Cu
2)

Fe2+2

Zn2+

Au3+

Which most readily loses electrons?

Hg(l)

Cu2+

Sn4+

Ba

Al

Calculate the cell potentials or voltages (E0) Indicate spontaneity.

3.

Cl2 + 2Br- 2Cl- +Br2

4.

2MnO4- + 5Pb + 16H+

5.

Will AgNO3 react with Zn? Write a balanced redox reaction and calculate Eo

6.

2Mn2+ + 8H2O + 5Pb2+

What would happen if you used an iron spoon to stir a solution of Al2(SO4)3(aq) ? Write a
balanced redox reaction and calculate Eo.
Page 52 of 117

7.

What are the differences between an electrochemical cell and an electrolytic cell?

Electrochemical cell

8.

Electrolytic cell

What are the similarities between an electrochemical cell and an electrolytic cell?

Electrochemical cell or Electrolytic cell

9.

State how you would determine each of the following in an electrochemical or electrolytic
cell.

Electrochemical Cell

Electrolytic Cell
Page 53 of 117

The site of reduction

The site of oxidation
The +ve electrode
The -ve electrode
The anions migrate to the
The cations migrate to the
The electrode that gains mass
The electrode that loses mass
The electrons flow from
10.

Draw an operating electrochemical cell using an Al half-cell and a Mg half-cell. Label the
parts of the electrochemical cell including the anode or cathode, and all reagents and materials
used. Write the reactions and determine the E0.

11.

Write the half reaction that occurs at each electrode during the electrolysis of aqueous
1.0 M NaI.
Anode :
Cathode :
What is the minimum required voltage for this process?

12.

Write the half reaction that occurs at each electrode during the electrolysis of molten NaI.
Anode :
Page 54 of 117

Cathode :
What is the minimum required voltage for this process?
13.

Aluminum is produced industrially from aluminum oxide, Al2O3. Demonstrate your

understanding of this process by
(i) Describing how the process is carried out,

(ii) Writing equations of the reactions involved in the process, and

(iii) Describing how the problem of the high melting point ofAl2O3 is overcome.

14.

Consider the following redox data:

3V + 2Ga3+ 3V2+ + 2Ga

Eo = +0.64 V

3V2+ + 2Al

Eo = +0.46 V

3V + 2Al3+

Based on these observations, a student concludes that Ga+3 and Al will react spontaneously.
List the oxidizing agents in order of decreasing strength. Write reduction reactions for each.
Determine the strongest reducing agent. Determine if Ga+3 and Al will react spontaneously.

15.

Balance the equation for the following half reaction occurring in acid solution:
V(s)

16.

HV2O73-

Balance the following redox reaction occurring in basic solution:

MnO4-

C2O42-

MnO2

CO2

Page 55 of 117

17.

250.0 ml 0.200M MnO4- reacts with excess SO32-. How many grams of MnO2 are produced?
2MnO4- + 3SO32- +H2O 2MnO2 +3SO42- + 2OH-

18.

Determine the oxidation number for each bold atom.

MnO2

IO3-

Cr2O72-

C2O42-

HOOH

NO3-

H3PO4

Na2C2O4

19.

Al(NO3)3 NH4Cl

I2

N2O3

NaH

Pt(H2O)42+

250.0 mL of 0.500M MnO4- are required to titrate a 100.0 ml sample of SO3-2. Calculate the
[SO3-2]
2MnO4- + 3SO32- +H2O 2MnO2 + 3SO42-+ 2OH-

20.

How is the breathalyzer reaction used to determine BAC? Write the reaction and describe how
it works.

21.

2H+

Mg

Mg2+ +

H2

Determine the Oxidizing agent__________ and the Reducing agent_________

Page 56 of 117

22.

Choose a suitable redox reactant to oxidize Cl- toClO4- in a redox titration.

23.

Describe as an electrochemical or electrolytic cell:

a) Fuel cell
b) Charging a car battery
c) Discharging a car battery
d) Ni plating
e) Industrial Al production
f) Cl2 production
g) Electrowinning
24)

Which of the reactants is gaining electrons? Which of the reactants is the oxidizing agent?
Br2 + SO2 + Na2SO4 + H2O 2H2SO4 + 2NaBr

25)

A student studied the following reactions and she recorded:

Pd2+ + Cu Pd + Cu2+ spontaneous
Pd2+ + Au no reaction
Pd2+ + Hg no reaction
Au3+ + Hg Au + Hg2+ spontaneous

Page 57 of 117

List the oxidizing agents from strongest to weakest. List the reducing agents from strongest to
weakest. Predict if the reaction will occur.
Au3+

26)

Cu

Match each type of electrolytic cell with the example cell.

Electrowinning A silver anode oxidizes & Ag reduces on a Cu cathode

Electroplating Pure Pb is reduced at the cathode while impure Pb oxidizes at the anode
Electrorefining Pure Al is reduced at the cathode from molten bauxite (Al2O3).
27.

List the anode, cathode, anode reaction , cathode reaction, and electrolyte for each
commercial electrochemical cell.

Cell

anode anode reaction

cathode cathode reaction

electrolyte

Leclanche or
Common Dry
Cell
Alkaline Cell
Lead Storage or
Car Battery
Fuel Cell

28.

Which of the above cells requires continuous input of O2 and H2 and is produced by Ballard
Industries?

29.

List the anode, cathode, anode reaction, cathode reaction, and electrolyte for each commercial
electrolytic cell.

Cell

anode anode reaction

cathode cathode reaction

electrolyte
Page 58 of 117

Electrolysis of
Molten Al2O3
Electrolysis of
Aqueous NaCl
Silver-plating a
Cu plating
Electrorefining
pure Pb from
impure Pb

30.

Describe each term:

salt bridge
electrolyte
anode
cathode
spontaneous
electron affinity
cation
anion
electrochemical
cell
electrolytic cell
oxidation number
electrolysis
oxidation
Page 59 of 117

reduction
oxidizing agent
reducing agent
electrode
corrosion
electrowinning
electrorefining
over potential
effect
fuel cell
31.

Define corrosion of a metal, and illustrate your definition with reference to an example, using
appropriate equations. Give TWO methods by which corrosion can be prevented and describe
how each method works. The two methods must involve different chemical principles.

32.

Which you would choose Zn or Cu to cathodically protect iron?

33.

A2+ does not react with B, while C2+ reacts with B. Rank the oxidizing agents in decreasing
order of strength. Rank the reducing agents in decreasing order of strength. Will A2+ react with
C?

34.

Write half reactions for each using the reduction table and list the half-cell potential.

Half Reaction

Eo

oxidation of water
Page 60 of 117

oxidation of water in acid

reduction of water
reduction of water in alkaline
oxidation of H2 in water
oxidation of H2 in acid
oxidation of H2 in base
reduction of Cr2O72- in acid
reduction of HBr

Page 61 of 117

35.

Completely analyze the following electrochemical cell.

voltmeter

1.0 M KNO3

Cu

Zn

1 M Zn(NO3)2

1 M Cu(NO3)2

The anode reaction is:

The cathode reaction is:
The electrons flow from ___ to ___
The ions that migrate to the Zn electrode are:
The ions that migrate to the Cu electrode are:
The initial voltage of this cell is:
The voltage of this cell once equilibrium is reached is:
Describe the change in [Cu+2] in the Cu half cell
Describe the change in [NO3-1] in the Zn half cell

Page 62 of 117

36.

Completely analyze the following electrochemical cell.

voltmeter

1.0 M KNO3

H2(g)

Cu

1 M HCl

1 M Cu(NO3)2

The anode reaction is:

The cathode reaction is:
The electrons flow from ___ to ___
The ions that migrate to the Pt electrode are:
The ions that migrate to the Cu electrode are:
The intial voltage of this cell is:
The voltage of this cell once equilibrium is reached is:
Describe the change in [Cu+2] in the Cu half cell
Describe the change in [NO3-1] in the H+/H2 half cell

Page 63 of 117

37.

Completely analyze the following electrolytic cell.

Power Source

Molten Al2O3
Anode Reaction
Cathode Reaction
Chemicals produced at the anode
Chemicals produced at the cathode
The electrons flow from __to __
The chemical used to lower the mp is:
Which electrode is the anode ?
38.
Completely analyze the following electrolytic cell. Note that the electrodes are not inert and
because of that, the anode might oxidize.
Power Source

Cu

+
Cu

1 M NaF
Page 64 of 117

Anode Reaction
Cathode Reaction
Chemicals produced at the anode
Chemicals produced at the cathode
The electrons flow from
The MTV
Which electrode is the anode ?
Electrochemistry Practice Test # 1
1.

The following represents the process used to produce iron from iron III oxide:
Fe2O3 + 3CO 2Fe + 3CO2 What is the reducing agent in this process?
A.
B.
C.
D.

2.

Consider the following reaction: 2HNO2 + 2I- + 2H+ 2NO + I2 +2H2O

The oxidation number for each nitrogen atom
A.
B.
C.
D.

3.

Fe
CO
CO2
Fe2O3

increases by 1
increases by 2
decreases by 1
decreases by 2

Which of the following reactions is spontaneous?

A.
B.
C.
D.

2I- + Ag Ag+ + I2
Co2+ + Cu Co + Cu2+
Cu2+ + Pb Pb2+ + Cu
Ni2+ + 2Ag 2Ag+ + Ni

Page 65 of 117

4.

Consider the following redox reaction for a lead-acid storage cell:

Pb + PbO2 + 4H+ + 2SO42- 2PbSO4 + 2H2O
The balanced, reduction half reaction is
A.
B.
C.
D.

5.

0.024 moles
0.060 moles
1.5 moles
0.30 moles

Which of the following is not a redox reaction?

A.
B.
C.
D.

9.

fuel cell
electroplating
redox titration
carbon dry cell

Consider the following redox reaction:

2MnO4- + 16H+ + 5Sn2+ 2Mn2+ + 8H2O + 5Sn4+
In a redox titration, 0.60 mole of KMnO4 reacts completely with a solution of Sn(NO3)2. How
many moles of Sn(NO3)2 were present in the solution?
A.
B.
C.
D.

8.

-1.12 V
-0.40 V
+0.40 V
+1.12 V

Which of the following involves a nonspontaneous redox reaction?

A.
B.
C.
D.

7.

SO42- 2PbSO4 + 2e2H+ + SO42- PbSO4 + 2H2O + 2e+ 4H+ + SO42- + 2e- PbSO4 + 2H2O
+ 2SO42 + 2H2O + 2e- PbSO4 + 2OH-

Consider the following reaction: Cd2+(aq) + Zn(s) Cd(s) Zn2+(aq)

The potential for the reaction is +0.36 V. What is the reduction potential for the cadmium ion?
A.
B.
C.
D.

6.

Pb +
Pb +
PbO2
PbO2

Cu + Br2 CuBr2
CO + H2O CO2 + H2
CH4 + H2O CO2 + 2H2O
NaOH + HCl NaCl + H2O

What is the minimum voltage required to form nickel from an aqueous solution of NiI2 using
inert electrodes?
A.
B.
C.
D.

0.26 V
0.28 V
0.54 V
0.80 V
Page 66 of 117

10.

What substances are formed at the anode and cathode during electrolysis of molten sodium
chloride?

A.
B.
C.
D.

Anode

Cathode

O2
Na
Cl2
Cl2

H2
Cl2
H2
Na

11.
A solution containing an unknown cation reacts spontaneously with both zinc and copper. The
unknown cation is
A.
B.
C.
D.
12.

Which of the following half-reactions are balanced?

A.
B.
C.
D.

13.

ClO- + H2O + e- Cl2 + 2OH2ClO- + H2O + 2e- Cl2 + 3OH2ClO- + 2H2O + 2e- Cl2 + 4OH2ClO- + 2H2O Cl2 + 4OH- + 2e-

Which of the following is a spontaneous redox reaction?

A.
B.
C.
D.

14.

1.0 M H+
1.0 M Ag+
1.0 M Sr2+
1.0 M Mn2+

Ag+ + I- AgI
Ag+ + Fe2+ Ag + Fe3+
3Ag+ + Au 3Ag + Au3+
2Ag+ + Ni2+ 2Ag + Ni

Salting the roads during the winter increases the amount of corrosion of cars. The is because
the salt
A.
B.
C.
D.

reacts with the iron

provides an electrolyte
acts as a reducing agent
acts as an oxidizing agent

Page 67 of 117

Consider the following electrochemical cell for the next five questions.
voltmeter

1.0 M KCl

Cu
u

Ni

1M Cu(NO3)2

15.

The half-reaction that occurs at the anode is

A.
B.
C.
D.

16.

Ni N2+ + 2eNi2+ + 2e- Ni

Cu Cu2+ + 2eCu2+ + 2e- Cu

The cell potential or Eo is

A.
B.
C.
D.

18.

Ni N2+ + 2eNi2+ + 2e- Ni

Cu Cu2+ + 2eCu2+ + 2e- Cu

The half-reaction that occurs at the cathode is

A.
B.
C.
D.

17.

1M Ni(NO3)2

0.41 V
0.78 V
0.34 V
0.60 V

The following ions migrate to the Cu electrode

A.
B.
C.
D.

K+
Cu2+
ClCl-

Cu2+
Ni2+
NO3NO3-

Ni2+
2e-

Page 68 of 117

19.

The electrons flow

A.
B.
C.
D.

20.

Which of the following will not react spontaneously with 1.0 M HCl?
A.
B.
C.
D.

21.

a voltmeter.
a salt bridge.
a power supply.
an aqueous solution.

In the electrolysis of molten ZnCl2 using carbon electrodes, the reaction that occurs at the
anode is
A.
B.
C.
D.

24.

nickel
sodium
aluminum
magnesium

In order for an electrolytic cell to operate, it must have

A.
B.
C.
D.

23.

tin
lithium
mercury
magnesium

Which of the following can be produced by electrolysis from a 1.0 M aqueous solution
containing its ion?
A.
B.
C.
D.

22.

through the salt bridge from Cu to Ni

through the salt bridge from Cu to Ni
through the wire from Cu to Ni
through the wire from Ni to Cu

Zn Zn2+ + 2eZn2+ + 2e- Zn

2Cl- Cl2 + 2eCl2 + 2e- 2Cl-

In the electrolysis of molten zinc chloride, the half-reaction at the anode is

A.
B.
C.
D.

Cl2 + 2e- 2Cl2Cl- Cl2 + 2eZn2+ + 2e- Zn

Zn Zn2+ + 2e-

Page 69 of 117

25.

The corrosion of iron can be prevented by attaching a piece of

A.
B.
C.
D.

26.

The oxidation number of carbon in CaC2O4 is

A.
B.
C.
D.

27.

Mn
Cu
Pb
Sn

+2
+3
+4
+6

To plate a nickel coin with copper,

A.
B.
C.
D.

the nickel coin must be the cathode.

the cathode must be made out of copper
the electrons must flow to the anode
the solution must contain nickel ions

Consider the following electrochemical cell for the next five questions.
voltmeter

1.0 M KNO3

Cu

Zn

uu

1M Cu(NO3)2

28.

1M Zn(NO3)2

Which of the following statements apply to this electrochemical cell?

I
II
III

Electrons flow through the wire toward the copper electrode.

The copper electrode increases in mass.
Anions move toward the Zn half-cell.

A.
B.
C.
D.

I and II only
I and III only
II and III only
I, II, and III
Page 70 of 117

29.

The balanced equation for the overall reaction is

A.
B.
C.
D.

30.

At equilibrium the voltage of the above cell is

A.
B.
C.
D.

31.

spontaneous and Eo is positive

spontaneous and Eo is negative
non-spontaneous and Eo is positive
non-spontaneous and Eo is negative

When MnO4- reacts to form Mn2+, the manganese in MnO4- is

A.
B.
C.
D.

35.

-1.10 V
+1.10 V
+0.91 V
+0.86 V

Consider the following redox reaction: Co2+(aq) + 2Ag(s) 2Ag+(aq) + Co(s)

The reaction is
A.
B.
C.
D.

34.

Zn is a stronger oxidizing agent than Cu

Zn is a stronger reducing agent than Cu,
Cu is a stronger oxidizing agent than Zn
Zn2+ is a weaker reducing agent than Cu2+

The initial cell voltage at 25 oC is

A.
B.
C.
D.

33.

-1.10 V
0.00 V
+0.42 V
+1.10 V

This redox reaction occurs because

A.
B.
C.
D.

32.

Zn + Cu2+ Cu + Zn2+
Cu + Zn2+ Zn + Cu2+
Zn2+ + Cu Cu2+ + Zn
Cu + Zn Zn + Cu

reduced as its oxidation number increases

reduced as its oxidation number decreases
oxidized as its oxidation number increases
oxidized as its oxidation number decreases

The electrolyte used in the alkaline battery is

Page 71 of 117

A.
B.
C.
D.
36.

The electrolyte used in an automobile battery is

A.
B.
C.
D.

37.

KCl
NaOH
H2SO4
KOH

The anode used in the commercial production of Aluminum is

A.
B.
C.
D.

38.

KCl
NaOH
H2SO4
KOH

C
Pt
Al
Al2O3

The anode and cathode used in the electrorefining of impure lead to pure lead are

A.
B.
C.
D.
39.

Cathode

Pure Pb
Impure Pb
Pb2+
Pb

Impure Pb
Pure Pb
Pb
Pb2+

The anode in the LeClanche or common dry cell is

A.
B.
C.
D.

40.

Anode

C
Zn
Mg
KOH

Which of the following are electrolytic cells

I
II
III
IV

Electro winning
Electroplating
Charging a car battery
Fuel cell

A.
B.
C.
D.

I and II only
I, II, and III only
II and II only
I, II, III, and IV

Subjective
Page 72 of 117

1.

Balance the following in basic solution.

MnO4-

2.

3.

C2O42-

MnO2

CO2

(basic)

Consider the electrolysis of 1.0 M H2SO4 using platinum electrodes.

a)

Write the oxidation half-reaction

b)

Write the reduction half-reaction

c)

Write the overall reaction and determine the minimum theoretical voltage required.

Consider the following diagram for the electro refining of lead.

Power Source

Pure Pb

Impure Pb

Page 73 of 117

a)

On the diagram, label the anode and cathode.

b)

Write the formula for a suitable electrolyte

c)

Write the equation for the reduction half-reaction.

4.

Describe two chemically different methods that can be used to prevent corrosion of iron and
explain why each method works.
Method 1:
Explanation:

Method 2:
Explanation:
5.

The data below were obtained in a redox titration of a 25.00 mL sample containing Sn2+ ions
using 0.125 M KMnO4 according to the following reaction:
2MnO4- + 16H+ + 5Sn2+ 2Mn2+ + 8H2O + 5Sn4+
Calculate the [Sn2+]
Volume of KMnO4 used (mL)

Initial burette reading

Final burette reading

Trial 1

Trial 2

Trial 3

2.00
13.80

13.80
24.55

24.55
35.32

Page 74 of 117

6.

A student wanted to electroplate a coin with copper.

a)

Identify a suitable anode

b)

Identify an appropriate electrolyte

c)

To with battery terminal (positive or negative) should the coin be connected?

7.
Consider the electrolysis of molten magnesium chloride with Cu electrodes (Cu
are not inert and can oxidize: Cl-, or Cu will oxidize)

8.

a)

Identify the product at the anode.

b)

Write the equation for the reduction half-reaction.

c)

Write the equation for the overall reaction.

electrodes

Completely analyze the following electrochemical cell.

voltmeter

1.0 M KNO3

Mn

Sn
nn
n

1M Sn(NO3)2

1M MnNO3)2

Page 75 of 117

Chemistry 12
Electrochemistry Practice Test 2
voltmeter

1.0 M KCl

Pd

Ni

1M Pd(NO3)2

1.

As the cell operates, the electrons flow from the nickel electrode to the palladium electrode.
The reaction occurring at the anode is
A
B
C
D

2.

Pd Pd2+
Ni Ni2+
Pd2+ + 2eNi2+ + 2e-

+ 2e+ 2e Pb
Ni

As the cell operates,

A
B
C
D

3.

1M Ni(NO3)2

both the K+ and the NO3- migrate into the nickel half-cell
both the K+ and the NO3- migrate into the palladium half-cell
the K+ migrates into the nickel half-cell and the NO3- migrates into the palladium halfcell
the K+ migrates into the palladium half-cell and the NO3- migrates into the nickel halfcell

The initial cell voltage is 1.21 V. The reduction potential of Pd2+ is

A
B
C
D

-1.21 V
-.95 V
+0.95
+1.21 V

Page 76 of 117

4.

What substances are formed at the anode and cathode during electrolysis of molten
sodium chloride, NaCl(l)?

A
B
C
D
5.

Anode

Cathode

O2
Na
Cl2
Cl2

H2
Cl2
H2
Na

Consider the following electrolytic cell:

Power Source
+
-

Inert
Electrode

Inert
Electrode

Molten NaI(l)
In the cell above
A
I- migrates to the anode and gains electrons
B
I- migrates to the cathode and loses electrons
C
Na+ migrates to the anode and loses electrons
D
Na+ migrates to the cathode and gains electrons
6.

Which of the following are necessary for electroplating to occur using an electrolytic
cell?
I
Two electrodes
II
A metal being reduced
III
A direct current power supply
A
B
C
D

I and II only
I and III only
II and III only
I, II, and III

7.
A fuel cell consumes H2 and O2 gas, uses a KOH electrolyte, and produces electricity.
reaction at the anode is
A
B
C
D

The

2H+ + 2e- H2
1/2O2 + 2H+ + 2e- H2O
4OH- O2 + 2H2O + 4eH2 + 2OH- 2H2O + 2ePage 77 of 117

8.

A student investigating redox reactions recorded the following results:

V2+ + Te2- no reaction
U4+ + Te2- U3+ + Te
Based on these results, the strengths of the oxidizing agents, arranged from
weakest, are
A
B
C
D

V2+
U4+
U3+
V2+

strongest to

U4+
V2+
V2+
U3+

Te
Te
Te2Te2-

9.
What is the minimum voltage required to form nickel from an aqueous solution of
using inert electrodes?
A
B
C
D

NiI2

0.26 V
0.28 V
0.54 V
0.80 V

10.
voltmeter

1.0 M KNO3

Zn

Ni

1M Zn(NO3)2

1M Ni(NO3)2

Which of the following occurs as the cell operates?

A
B
C
D
11.

the Zn electrode is reduced and increases in mass

the Zn electrode is reduced and decreases in mass
the Zn electrode is oxidized and increases in mass
the Zn electrode is oxidized and decreases in mass

Which of the following reactants would produce an E0 of +0.63 V?

A
B
C
D

Ag+ + I2
Pb2+ + Zn
Mg2+ + Ca
Zn2+ + Mn
Page 78 of 117

12.

The concentration of Fe2+(aq) can be determined by a redox titration using

A
B
C
D

13.

Which of the following will oxidize Fe2+?

A
B
C
D

14.

I2(s)
Ni(s)
Zn(s)
Br2(l)

The oxidation number of carbon in C2O42- is

A
B
C
D

15.

KBr
SnCl2
KMnO4 (basic)
KBrO3 (acidic)

+3
+4
+5
+6

Consider the following reaction: 3As2O3 + 4NO3- + 7H2O 6H3AsO4 + 4NO

The oxidizing agent is
A
B
C
D

16.

When W2O5 is converted to WO2 in a redox reaction, the W has been

A
B
C
D

17.

H+
H2O
NO3AsO3

reduced since its oxidation number has increased

reduced since its oxidation number has decreased
oxidized since its oxidation number has increased
oxidized since its oxidation number has decreased

Consider the following:

I
II
III

Water
Oxygen gas
Nitrogen

At 25oC, a piece of iron rusts in the presence of

A
I only
B
III only
C
I and II only
D
II and III only
Page 79 of 117

18.

Which of the following represents a redox reaction?

A
B
C
D

19.

The following reaction occurs in an electrochemical cell:

3Cu2+ + Cr 2Cr3+ + 3Cu
The Eo for the cell is
A
B
C
D

20.

Zn Zn2+ + 2e2Cl- Cl2 + 2eCl2 + 2e- 2ClZn2+ + 2e- Zn

Which of the following represents a redox reaction?

A
B
C
D

23.

Mg Mg2+ + 2eMg2+ + 2e- Mg

4OH- O2 + 2H2O + 4eO2 + 2H2O + 4e- 4OH-

A molten binary salt, ZnCl2, undergoes electrolysis. The cathode reaction is

A
B
C
D

22.

0.40 V
0.75 V
1.08 V
2.50 V

During the corrosion of magnesium, the anode reaction is

A
B
C
D

21.

H2CO3 H2O + CO2

CuS + H2 H2S + Cu
AgNO3 + NaCl AgCl + NaNO3
2HCl + Na2SO3 2NaCl + H2SO3

CaCO3 CaO + CO2

SiCl4 + 2Mg Si + 2MgCl2
2NaOH + H2SO4 2H2O + Na2SO4
AgBr + 2S2O32- Ag(S2O3)23- + Br-

The process of applying an electric current through a cell to produce a chemical

is called
A
B
C
D

change

corrosion
ionization
hydrolysis
electrolysis

Page 80 of 117

24.

A student investigating redox reactions recorded the following results:

V2+ + Te2-

no reaction

U4+ + Te2- U3+ + Te

Based on these results, the strengths of the oxidizing agents, arranged from
weakest, are
A
B
C
D
25.

U4+
V2+
V2+
U3+

I2
Cu
H2S
Ag2S

Consider the redox reaction: 2BrO3- + 10Cl- + 12H+ Br2 + 5Cl2 + 6H2O
the oxidation half-reaction ivolved in this reaction is
A
B
C
D

27.

Te
Te
Te2Te2-

A spontaneous redox reaction occurs when Sn2+ is mixed with

A
B
C
D

26.

V2+
U4+
U3+
V2+

strongest to

2Cl- Cl2 + 2e2H+ H2 + 2eBrO3- + 6H+ + 5e- Br2 + 3H2O

BrO3- + 6H+ Br2 + 3H2O + 5e-

Which of the following is not a redox reaction?

A
B
C
D

Cu + Br2 CuBr2
CO + H2O CO2 + H2
CH4 + O2 CO2 + 2H2O
NaOH + HCl NaCl + H2O

28.

During the electrolysis of 1.0 M Na2SO4, the reaction at the cathode is

29.

A
Na+ + 1e- Na
B
2SO42- S2O82- + 2eC
2H2O O2 + H+ + 4eD
2H2O + 2e- H2 + 2OHAn oxidizing agent will cause which of the following changes?
A
B
C
D

PtO2 PtO
PtO3 PtO2
Pt(OH)2 Pt
Pt(OH)22+ PtO3
Page 81 of 117

30.

Consider the overall reaction of the nickel-cadmium battery:

NiO2(s) + Cd(s) + 2H2O(l) Ni(OH)2(s) + Cd(OH)2(s)
Which of the following occurs at the anode as the reaction proceeds?
A
B
C
D

Cd loses 2e- and forms Cd(OH)2(s)

Cd gains 2e- and forms Cd(OH)2(s)
NiO2 loses 2e- and forms Ni(OH)2(s)
NiO2 gains 2e- and forms Ni(OH)2(s)

31.
Which of the following can be produced by the electrolysis from a 1.0 M aqueous solution
containing its ions?
A
B
C
D
32.

In the electrolysis of molten ZnCl2 using carbon electrodes, the reaction that occurs at the
anode is
A
B
C
D

33.

nickel
sodium
aluminum
magnesium

Zn Zn2+ + 2eZn2+ + 2e- Zn

2Cl- Cl2 + 2eCl2 + 2e- 2Cl-

In order for the electrolytic cell to operate, it must have

A
B
C
D

a voltmeter
a salt bridge
a power supply
an aqueous solution

Page 82 of 117

Subjective
1.

a)

Indicate in the blank spaces on the following chart whether or not a reaction will
occur when the metals are added to the aqueous ions.
Pd

Rh

Pt

Pd2+
Rh2+

no reaction

Pt2+

reaction

b)

2.

no reaction
reaction

List the oxidizing agents in order of strongest to weakest

Consider the following reaction for the formation of rust:

Fe(s) + O2(g) + H2O(l) Fe(OH)2
Describe and explain two methods, using different chemical principles, to prevent the
formation of rust.
a)
b)

3.

Consider the following redox reaction:

H2Se + SO42- + 2H+ Se + H2SO3 + H2O
Calculate the Eo for the reaction.

Page 83 of 117

4.

Balance the following redox reaction in basic solution:

Au

5.

Cl-

O2

AuCl4-

OH-

Draw and label a simple electrolytic cell capable of electroplating and inert electrode with
silver.

6.
a)

During the production of magnesium metal from seawater, magnesium ions are first
precipitated from seawater as magnesium hydroxide. The magnesium hydroxide is
neutralized by hydrochloric acid, producing magnesium chloride. Write the
neutralization reaction.

b)

The salt produced, magnesium chloride, is dried melted and undergoes electrolysis.
Write the reaction at each electrode.
Anode
Cathode

c)

It is not possible to remove Mg from a 1.0 M solution. Explain why?

d)

Write the anode reaction if Cu electrodes were used instead of C.

Page 84 of 117

7.

Consider the following diagram in the electro refining of lead:

Power Source

Pure Pb

a)

On the diagram above, label the anode and cathode.

b)

Write the formula for a suitable electrolyte.

c)

Write the equation for the reduction half-reaction.

d)

Write the anode reaction

Impure Pb

Page 85 of 117

Oxidation and Reduction Reactions Workbook

Notes- double click on the lesson number and download Power Point Viewer if you do not
have it.
Worksheets
1. Oxidation, Reduction, Agents, & Reactions.

Quiz

WS 1

2. Lab: The Strength of Oxidizing Agents.

3. Oxidation Numbers Spontaneous Reactions

WS 2

4. Oxidation Numbers, Application to Reactions.

1
WS 3

5. Balancing Redox Half Reactions Acid/Base.

WS 4

6. Balancing Redox Reactions in Acid/Base.

WS 5

7. Standard Potentials Using Chart.

WS 6

8. Electrochemical Cells.

WS 7

9. Electrochemical Cells Lab.

10. Electrolytic Cells.

WS 8

12. Application of Electrolytic Cells.

WS 9

13. Application of Electrochemical Cells: Bat & Cor.

WS 10

14. Breathalyzer and review.

Internet Review

Quizmebc

15. Review

Practice Test # 1

16. Review

Practice Test # 2

11. Electrolytic Cells Lab.

17. Test.
Text book

Hebden

Read Unit V
If you want an A in this class you need to do this!!

Page 86 of 117

Redox Half Reactions and Reactions WS #1

Define each
1. Oxidation
2. Reduction
3. Oxidizing agent
4. Reducing agent

- loss of electrons
- gain of electrons
- causes oxidation by undergoing reduction
- causes reduction by undergoing oxidation

Write half reactions for each of the following atoms or ions. Label each as oxidation or reduction.
Al3+

5.

Al

----------->

6.

7.

2O2- ---------->

8.

Ba2+

9.

2N3- ---------->

10.

Br2

11.

P +

12.

Ca

----------->

13

Ga3+

3e- -----------> Ga

14.

2e- --------->

15.

H2

--------->

16.

2H+

17.

2F-

---------->

F2

18.

P3-

---------->

P +

2e- --------->
O2

3e-

oxidation

S2-

reduction

4e-

oxidation

+ 2e- -----------> Ba
N2

3e-

6e-

oxidation

2Br-

reduction

2e- --------->

reduction

P3-

---------->
Ca2+

reduction
2e-

2H+

oxidation
reduction

S2-

reduction

2e-

2e- ---------> H2

oxidation
reduction

2e-

oxidation

3e-

oxidation

Balance each spontaneous redox equation. Identify the entities reduced and oxidized. State the
reducing agent and the oxidizing agent.
19. Al

&

Zn2+

2Al
+
oxidized
reducing agent

3Zn2+

reduced
oxidizing agent

2Al3+ +

3Zn

Page 87 of 117

20. F2

21. O2

&
O22F2
+
reduced
oxidizing agent
&

&

O2

Ca

2Ca +
oxidized
reducing agent
22. Al3+

2O2-
4Foxidized
reducing agent

O2

reduced
oxidizing agent

2Ca2+ +

2O2-

3Li+

Li

Al3+ +
reduced
oxidizing agent

3Li

oxidized
reducing agent

Al

Label the species that is reduced, that is oxidized, the reducing agent and the oxidizing agent.

23.

24.

25.

26.

Fe2+

Co

Co

Co2+

+ 2e- oxidation

Fe2+

2e-

Fe reduction

Ni

3 Ag+
Ni

Ni2+

+ 2e-

oxidation

Ag+

1e-

Ag

reduction

Pb

Cu2+

Pb

Pb2+

+ 2e-

oxidation

Cu2+

2e-

Cu

reduction

2 Sn

O2

Co2+

Fe

Ni3+

3 Ag

Pb2+

Cu

O2-

2 Sn2+
Page 88 of 117

Sn

Sn2+

+ 2e-

oxidation

O2

4e-

2O2-

reduction

2 F-

oxidation

Co2+

27.

2F-

F2

+ 2e-

Co2+

2e-

Coreduction

Co

F2

28. List the species (formulas from above) that lose electrons:
Co

Ni

Pb

Sn

F-

29. List the species (formulas from above) that gain electrons:
Fe2+

Ag+

Cu2+

O2

Co2+

For each of the following reactions, identify:

-The Oxidizing Agent.
-The Reducing Agent.
-The Substance Oxidized.
-The Substance Reduced.
30.

I-

Cl2

---------->

Substance oxidized
Oxidizing agent
31.

Co

Fe3+

Substance oxidized
Oxidizing agent
32.

Cr6+

Fe2+

Substance oxidized
Oxidizing agent

Cl-

I2

ICl2

Reducing agent
Substance reduced

----------->

Co2+

Co
Fe3+
----------->
Fe2+
Cr6+

Fe2+

Reducing agent
Substance reduced

Co
Fe3+

Cr3+

Fe3+

Reducing agent
Substance reduced

ICl2

Fe2+
Cr6+
Page 89 of 117

WS #2
Redox Half Reactions and Reactions
1. State the Oxidation Number of each of the elements that is underlined.
Page 90 of 117

a) NH3
c) ZnSO3
e) Na
g) AgNO3
i) SO2
k) Ca(ClO3)2
m) HPO32o) MnO2
q) PbO2
s) K2SO4
u) Na2O2
w) Fe2O3

-3
4
0
5
4
5
3
4
4
6
-1
3

b) H2SO4
d) Al(OH)3
f) Cl2
h) ClO4j) K2Cr2O4
l) K2Cr2O7
n) HClO
p) KClO3
r) PbSO4
t) NH4+
v) FeO
x) SiO44-

6
3
0
7
3
6
1
5
2
-3
2
-2

y) NaIO3
aa) NO3cc) CaH2
ee) Fe(H2O)63+

5
5
-1
+3

z) ClO3bb) Cr(OH)4
dd) Pt(H20)5(0H)2+
ff) CH3COOH

5
4
+3
0

2. What is the oxidation number of carbon in each of the following substances?

a) CO
2
b) C
0
2c) CO2
4
d) CO3
4
e) C2H6
-3
f) CH3OH
-2
3. For each of the following reactions, identify: the oxidizing agent, the reducing agent, the
substance oxidized and the substance reduced.
a) Cu2+ (aq)
+
Zn (s)
-------->
Cu (s) +
Zn2+ (aq)

b) Cl2 (g)

Substance oxidized
Oxidizing agent

Zn
Cu2+

Substance reduced
Reducing agent

2 Na+ (aq)

Na
Cl2

Substance reduced
Reducing agent

2 Na (s) -------->

Substance oxidized
Oxidizing agent

Cu2+
Zn

2 Cl- (aq)
Cl2
Na

WS # 3
Spontaneous and Non-spontaneous Redox Reactions
Describe each reaction as spontaneous or non-spontaneous.
Page 91 of 117

1. Au+3

Fe+3

----->

Fe+3

------>

Fe+2

------>

F2

4. S2O8-2 + Pb

------>

2SO4-2

5.Cu+2

2Br-

------>

Cu

Br2

2. Pb

3. Cl2

F-

Fe+2

Au

nonspontaneous (two oxidizing agents)

Pb+2

spontaneous

2Cl-

nonspontaneous

Pb+2

spontaneous
nonspontaneous

6. Sn+2

Br2

------>

Sn+4

+ 2Br-

spontaneous

7. Pb+2

Fe+2

------>

Fe+3

+ Pb

nonspontaneous

8. Can you keep 1 M HCl in an iron container? If the answer is no, write a balanced equation for the
reaction that would occur. No
Fe

2H+

-------->

Fe2+

H2

9. Can you keep 1 M HCl in an Ag container. If the answer is no, write a balanced equation for the
reaction that would occur.
Yes. There is no reaction.
10. Can you keep 1 M HNO3 in an Ag container. If the answer is no, write a balanced equation for the
reaction that would occur. (remember HNO3 consists of two ions H+ and NO3-)
No

3Ag

NO3-

4H+

--------> 3Ag+

NO

2H2O

11. Can you keep 1 M HNO3 in an Au container. If the answer is no, write a balanced equation for the
reaction that would occur. (Remember, HNO3 consists of two ions H+ and NO3-)
Yes. There is no reaction.
12. Circle each formula that is able to lose an elecron
O2

Cl-

Fe

Na+

13. Determine the oxidation number for the element underlined.

Page 92 of 117

PbSO4
HP032CaH2
NaIO3
14.

ClO3Na2O2
Al2(SO4)3
C4H12

6
3
-1
5

Al3+ +

Zn --------->

Substance oxidized
15.

Cr2O72- + ClO2-

Al

Zn
------------>

Substance reduced

5
-1
6
-3

Zn2+

Oxidizing agent
Cr3+

Cr2O72-

Al3+

ClO4-

Oxidizing agent

Cr2O72-

16. State the Oxidation Number of each of the elements that is underlined.
a) NH3
c) ZnCO3
e) Na

-3
4
0

b) H2SO4
d) Al(OH)3
f) Cl2

6
3
0

17. Balance the redox equation using the half reaction method.
Al

3Ag+ ---------->

Al3+

3Ag

18. Circle each formula that is able to lose an electron

O2

Cl-

Fe

Na+

Determine the oxidation number for the element underlined.

19.
PbSO4
2
20.
ClO35
221.
HPO3
3
22.
Na202
-1
23.
CaH2
-1
24.
NaIO3
5
25.
C4H12
-3
26.
Al2(SO4)3
6
27.

Al3+

Zn

---------->

Al

Zn2+
Page 93 of 117

Substance oxidized
28.

Cr2O72- +

Zn

ClO2- ---------------->

29.

O3 + H2O + SO2 ----->

Substance oxidized

30. 3As2O3

Cr3+
Cr2O72-

Substance reduced

SO42- +
SO2

O2

NO3-

ClO4Cr2O72-

Oxidizing agent
+ 2H+
Reducing agent

4NO3- + 7H2O + 4 H+ --------> 6H3AsO4

Substance reduced

Al3+

Oxidizing agent

SO2

+ 4NO

Reducing agent

As2O3

WS # 4
Balancing Redox Reactions

Page 94 of 117

Balance each of the following half-cell reactions. (In each case assume that the reaction takes place
in an ACIDIC solution.) Also, state whether the reaction is oxidation or reduction.
1.

5H2O +

S2O32- --------------> 2SO42-

10H+ +

8e-

oxidation
8H+

2.

5e-

MnO4- --------------> Mn2+ +

4H2O

reduction
3.

4H2O +

As

-------------->

AsO43-

8H+

5e-

Cr2O72-

14H+ +

6e-

4H+

oxidation
4.

7H2O +

2Cr3+ ----------->

oxidation
5.

2H2O +

Pb2+

--------------> PbO2 +

2e-

oxidation
8H+

6.

SO42- +

6e-

--------------> S

NO3-

3e-

------------->

8e-

NO3- -------------->

10e-

2BrO3- -------------->

4H2O

reduction
4H+

7.

NO

2H2O

NH4+ +

3H2O

reduction
10H+ +

8.

reduction
12H+ +

9.

Br2

6H2O

reduction

Balancing Half Cell Reactions

Balance in basic solution.
10.

3e-

2H2O

NO3-

--------------> NO

4OHPage 95 of 117

5e-

--------------> Mn2+ +

4H2O +

12.

8OH-

13.

14OH-

14.

4OH-

15.

4H2O +

16.

10 OH-

17.

7H2O +

8e-

NO3-

18.

6H2O +

10e-

2BrO3- --------------> Br2

As

MnO4-

11.

-------------->

AsO43- +

2Cr3+ --------------> Cr2O72-

Pb2+ -------------->

+
6e-

4H2O +

5e-

7H2O +

6e-

PbO2 +

2H2O +

2e-

SO42- --------------> S

S2O32- --------------> 2SO42- +

8OH-

+
5H2O +

--------------> NH4+ +

8OH8e-

10 OH-

12 OH-

19. Determine if each of the following changes is oxidation, reduction or neither.

20.

Cr2O72-

SO32-

-------->

SO42-

oxidation

CaO

-------->

Ca

reduction

CrO42-

-------->

Cr2O72-

neither

CrO42-

-------->

Cr3+

reduction

2I-

-------->

I2

oxidation

IO3-

-------->

I2

reduction

MnO4-

-------->

Mn2+

reduction

ClO2-

-------->

ClO-

reduction

Substance oxidized
Cr2O72-

Fe2+

-------->
Fe2+

Cr3+

Fe3+
Substance reduced
Page 96 of 117

Oxidizing agent
Fe2+

Cr2O72-

Reducing agent

WS #5
Balancing Redox Reactions in Acid and Basic Solution
Balance each redox equation. Assume all are spontaneous. Use the half reaction method.
Page 97 of 117

1.

2O2-

2F2

----------->

O2

4F-

2.

4Al

3O2

----------->

6O2-

4Al3+

3.

2K

Zn+2

----------->

Zn

2K+

6e-

--------------> 14OH-

Balance each half reaction in basic solution.

4.

Cr2O72-

5.

NO

4OH-

6.

2H2O

7.

2MnO2

+
+

7H2O +

------------------>

2H2O
-------------->

2e-

SO42-

H2O

2e-

-------------->

2Cr3+

NO3- + 3e+

4OH-

2OH-

2Cr3+ +

7H2O

SO2

Mn2O3

Balance each redox reaction in acid solution using the half reaction method.
8.

8H+

9.

TeO32 - + 2N2O4

10.

4H+

4ReO4- +

7IO-

11.

8H+

5PbO2 +

I2

12.

12H2O + 8As

Cr2O72-

3H2O2 +
+

H2O

------->

-------> 3O2

Te

4NO3- +

2H+

-------> 7IO3- +

4Re

2H2O

-------> 5Pb2+ +

2IO3- +

4H2O

3H2AsO4-

5AsH3 +

3H+

------->

Balance each redox reaction in basic solution using the half reaction method.
+
8OH+ Te +

+ 2Cr3+
-------> H2O
+
24NO3 -------> TeO3 +
2OH-

13.
14.

3O2
H2O

15.

7IO3- +

4OH- + 4Re

16.

8OH- +

5Pb2+ +

-------> 4ReO4- +

7IO-

2IO3- -------> 5PbO2 +

3H2O2
+
Cr2O72+
2N2O4
+

2H2O

I2 + 4H2O
Page 98 of 117

17.

7H2O

+ Cr2O72- + 3Hg -------> 3Hg2+ +

14OH- + 2Cr3+

State of the change represents oxidation, reduction or neither (use oxidation #s).
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.

MnO2
NH3
HClO4
O2
P2O5

-------->
-------->
------->
-------->
-------->

Mn2O3
NO2
HCl +
O2P4H10

reduction
oxidation
reduction
reduction
reduction

H2O

Determine the oxidation number

23.
H2S O4
6
24.
P4
0
25.
U O3
6

22.
23.
24.

HS O4NaH
Na2O 2

6
-1
-1

26.

25.

P b SO4

U 2O5

WS #6
Review
1. Describe each in your own words
1. Oxidation
2. Reduction
3. Oxidizing agent
4. Reducing agent

- loss of electrons
- gain of electrons
- causes oxidation by undergoing reduction
- causes reduction by undergoing oxidation

2. Write half reactions for each. Describe as oxidation or reduction. Circle all oxidizing agents.
Page 99 of 117

a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)

Na
Ca
Al3+
2F1N2
2O2-

-----------> Na+
+
e-----------> Ca2+
+
2e+ 3e -----------> Al
----------> F2 +
2e+
6e ----------> 2N3----------> O2 +
4e-

oxidation
oxidation
reduction
oxidation
reduction
oxidation

3. Write the reaction between the following: Use the half reaction method.
a) Ca +

Al(NO3)3

3Ca

b) Sn +

-------------> 2Al

3Ca2+

AgNO3
2Ag+

Sn +
c) Sn +
3Sn

2Al3+

-------------> 2Ag

Sn2+

3Sn2+

Au(NO3)3
+

2Au3+

-------------> 2Au

4. Circle each reducing agent:

Cu

Cu+

Al

Al3+

5. Circle each oxidizing agent:

F-

O2-

O2

6. Ni+2 reacts with Mn, however, Al+3 does not react with Mn. Rank the oxidizing agents in order of
decreasing strength. Rank the reducing agents in order of decreasing strength.
strongest oxidizing agent

Ni2+ +
Mn2+ +
Al3+ +

2e2e3e-

----------->
----------->
----------->

Ni
Mn
Al

strongest reducing agent

7. Ag+ reacts with Pb, however, Ca+2 does not react with Pb. Rank the reducing agents in order of
decreasing strength. Rank the oxidizing agents in order of decreasing strength.
strongest oxidizing agent

Ag+
Pb2+
Ca2+

+
+
+

1e2e2e-

----------->
----------->
----------->

Ag
Pb
Ca

strongest reducing agent

8. Cl2 reacts with Ag, however, Ag does not react with Mg+2. Rank the oxidizing agents in order of
decreasing strength. Rank the reducing agents in order of decreasing strength.
strongest oxidizing agent

Cl2
+
Ag+ +
Mg2+ +

2e1e2e-

-------->
----------->
----------->

2ClAg
Mg

strongest reducing agent

Page 100 of 117

9. Ni+2 reacts with Mn, however, Al+3 does not react with Mn. Rank the reducing agents in order of
decreasing strength. Rank the oxidizing agents in order of decreasing strength.
strongest oxidizing agent

Ni2+ +
Mn2+ +
Al3+ +

2e2e3e-

----------->
----------->
----------->

Ni
Mn
Al

strongest reducing agent

10. Cl2 reacts with Br-, however, I2 does not react with Br-. Rank the oxidizing agents in order of
decreasing strength. Rank the reducing agents in order of decreasing strength.
strongest oxidizing agent

Cl2
Br2
I2

+
+
+

2e2e2e-

-------->
-------->
-------->

2Cl2Br2I-

strongest reducing agent

Sn
Ni
Fe
Cr

strongest reducing agent

Classify as oxidation, reduction or neither.

11. SO4212. MnO2
13. Cr2O7214. IO3-

-------->
S2-------->
MnO4-------->
CrO42-------->
I2

reduction
oxidation
neither
reduction

15. Given the following lab data

SnCl2
Ni(NO3)2
Cr(NO3)3

&
&
&

Ni
Fe
Fe

Spontaneous
Spontaneous
Non spontaneous.

i) Write three balanced equations.

Ni
+
Sn2+ ------------->
Fe
+
Ni2+ ------------->
Fe
+
Cr3+ <-------------

Ni2+
Fe2+
Fe2+

+
+
+

Sn
Ni
Cr

ii) Rank the oxidizing agents in decreasing order of strength.

strongest oxidizing agent

Sn2+
Ni2+
Fe2+
Cr3+

+
+
+
+

2e2e2e3e-

----------->
----------->
----------->
----------->

iii) Rank the reducing agents in decreasing order of strength. See above.
iv) Will SnCl2 react with Cr? Explain? Yes, because Sn2+ is a stronger oxidizing agent than Cr3+ .
v) Will Fe2+ react with Sn?

No, because Fe2+ is a weaker oxidizing agent than Sn2+

Page 101 of 117

16.

2H+

2MnO4+
oxidizing agent

17.

2H+ + 10SO42+
oxidizing agent

18.

Balance in basic solution

2MnO419.

5S

+ 6H2O +

2MnO

4Br2 ----------> 5S2O32- + 8BrO3- + H2O

reducing agent

5H2S --------> 5S +

2MnO + 4H2O + 2OH-

Describe as spontaneous or non-spontaneous. Use your reduction potential chart.

a)
b)
c)
d)

20.

5H2S -------->
reducing agent

ZnCl2
CuCl2
Br2
H2S

&
&
&
&

Cu
NaCl
Fe2+
Al3+

nonspontaneous
nonspontaneous
spontaneous
nonspontaneous

Can you keep HCl in a Zn container?

No, Spontaneous reaction.

What about an Au container?

Yes, nonspontaneous reaction.

Balance in basic solution

21.

H2O

10SO42- + 4Br2

------> 5S2O32- + 2OH- + 8BrO3-

Classify as an oxidizing agent, reducing agent or both based on its position on the table.
State the Eoor voltage of its position. Some of these are both, so state two voltages and indicate that it
can be an oxidizing and reducing agent.
e.g.

MnO422.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.

(in acid)
Br2
Fe2+
MnO4- (water)
Ni
Cr3+
H2O

oxidizing agent
oxidizing agent
oxidizing agent / reducing agent
oxidizing agent
reducing agent
oxidizing agent
oxidizing agent / reducing agent

1.51 v
1.09 v
-0.45 v / 0.77 v
0.60 v
-0.26 v
-0.74 v
-0.40 v / +0.80 v
Page 102 of 117

Indicate as spontaneous or non-spontaneous.

28.
MnO4&
Fe2+
29.
Cu2+
&
Br30.
HNO3
&
Ag
31.
MnO4- (acid) &
H2O
32.
Ni(s)
&
Al3+
33.
HCl
&
Mg

non-spontaneous
non-spontaneous
spontaneous
spontaneous
non-spontaneous
spontaneous

Write each oxidation and reduction half reaction for each question above. Determine the Eo for each.
Calculate the Eo for the overall reaction.
34.

MnO4- + 2H2O + 3e- -------->

MnO2
2+
3+
3(Fe
-----------> Fe
+ 1e )
MnO4- + 2H2O + 3Fe2+ -----------> 3Fe3+

4OH-

+ MnO2

+0.60 v
-0.77 v
4OH- -0.17 v

35.
36.

NO3- +
4H+
3(Ag ----------> Ag+
NO3- +
4H+

+3e- ----------->
NO
+
1e )
+ 3Ag ----------> NO

2H2O

2H2O + 3Ag+

+0.96 v
-0.80 v
+0.16 v

37.
38.
39.
Mg

2H+
Mg
+

+
2e------> H2
---------->
Mg2+ +
2e2H+ ---------->
Mg2+ +

H2

0.00 v
2.37 v
2.37 v

WS # 7
Electrochemical Cells
1. Oxidation is when electrons are lost.
2. Reduction is when electrons are gained.
3. The reducing agent undergoes oxidation.
4. The oxidizing agent undergoes reduction.
5. A negative voltage means the reaction is nonspontaneous.
6. In an electrochemical cell electrons exit the electrode, which is negative.
Page 103 of 117

7. In an electrochemical cell the reduction reaction is higher on the chart, while the
oxidation reaction is lower.
.
8. The cathode is the site of reduction and the anode is the site of oxidation.

9. Anions migrate to the anode and cations migrate to the cathode.

10. Anions have a negative charge and cations have a positive charge.

Draw and completely analyze each electrochemical cell.

11. Zn / Zn(NO3)2

Cu / Cu(NO3)2

Page 104 of 117

2 e-

voltmeter

2 e-

1.0 M KNO3
NO3 - K+
Zn
Zn Zn2+ + 2eoxidation
anode
0.76 v
loses mass

Cu

Zn2
+

NO
3

1 M Zn(NO3)2

Cu
2+

NO
-

Cu has greater electron

affinity
Cu2+ + 2e- Cu
reduction
cathode
0.34 v
gains mass

1 M Cu(NO3)2

Cu2+ + Zn Zn2+ + Cu
1.10 v

Page 105 of 117

12. Ag / AgNO3

H2 / HCl

2 e-

voltmeter

2 e-

1.0 M KNO3
NO3- K+
H2
H2 2H+ + 2eoxidation
anode
0.00 v

Cu

H+

Ag+

Cl-

NO3
-

1 M HCl

Ag has a greater electron

affinity
2Ag+ + 2e- 2Ag
reduction
cathode
0.80 v
gains mass

1 M Ag(NO3)2

2Ag+ + H2 2Ag + 2H+

0.80 v

WS # 8
1. In an electrolytic cell, reduction occurs at the negative electrode and oxidation occurs at the
positive electrode.
Page 106 of 117

2. If there are two possible reduction reactions, the highest one on the chart occurs.
3. For reduction, the chart is read from left to right.
4. For oxidation, the chart is read from right to left and the sign of the voltage is changed.
5. If there are two possible oxidation reactions, the lowest one on the chart occurs.
6. Corrosion of a metal is oxidation.
7. Electrolysis uses electrical energy.
8. Electrochemical cells produce electrical energy.
9. Electrolytic cells use electrical energy.
10. What is the standard reference cell? hydrogen Eo = O v
Draw and completely analyze each electrolytic cell.
11. Molten NaCl
Power Source

Pt

Pt
Na+
Cl-

Cathode: Na+ + 1e-

Na(s)

-2.71 v

Overall: 2Na+ + 2Cl- Cl2 + 2Na(s) -4.07 v

Anode: 2Cl- Cl2 + 2e- -1.36 v

MTV = +4.07 v

12. Aqueous Na2SO4

Page 107 of 117

Power Source

C
Na+
SO42H2O

Cathode: 2H2O + 2e- H2 + 2OH- -0.41 v

Anode: H2O 2H+ + 1/2O2 + 2e-0.82 v
Overall: H2O H2 + 1/2O2
-1.23 v

MTV = +1.23 v

13. Liquid K2O

Power Source

Pt

Pt
K+
O2-

Cathode: K+ + 1e- K(s)

-2.93 v
2Anode: 2O O2 + 4e ? v
Overall: 4K+ + 2O2- O2 + 4K(s) -? v

MTV = +? v

14. 1.0 M LiI

Page 108 of 117

Power Source

Pt

Pt
Li+
I-

Cathode: 2H2O + 2e- H2 + 2OHAnode: 2I- I2 + 2e- -0.54 v

Overall: 2H2O + 2I- I2 + H2 + 2OH-

-0.41 v
-0.95 v

MTV = +0.95 v

15. 250ml of 0.200M MnO4- reacts with excess SO3-2. How many grams of MnO2 are produced? This
is Chemistry 11 stoichiometry.
2MnO4- + 3SO3-2 + H2O -----> 2MnO2 + 3SO4-2 + 2OH0.250L MnO4- x 0.200 mol x 2 mol MnO2
L
2 mol MnO4-

x 86.9g = 4.34g
mol

16. Determine the oxidation number for each underlined atom.

MnO2
4
Cr2O7-2 6
IO35
C2O4-2 3

Al(NO3)3

17. Describe each term:

Salt bridge- a u-tube filled with salt solution that allows ions to flow in an electrochemical cell.
Electrolyte- a solution that conducts electricity
Anode- an electrode that is the site of oxidation
Cathode- an electrode that is the site of reduction
Spontaneous- a reaction that occurs naturally and has a positive voltage
Electron affinity- the ability of a metal to attract electrons
18. What would happen if you used an aluminum spoon to stir a solution of FeSO4(aq) ? Write a
reaction and calculate Eo.
2Al +
3Fe2+ ------->2Al3+ +
would be a reaction!

3Fe

E0 = 1.21 v

Spontaneous. There

19. Draw an electrochemical cell using Cu and Ag electrodes.

Page 109 of 117

Cathode (+)
Ag
Ag+ + 1e---------> Ag
2Ag+ +

Cu ------>

Anode (-)
Cu
Cu -------> Cu2 + 2e

0.80v
2Ag

Cu2+

E0 = 0.46 v

-0.34v

spontaneous

20. 250ml of .500M MnO4- are required to titrate a 100ml sample of SO3-2.
Calculate the [SO3-2]
2MnO4- + 3SO3-2 + H2O -----> 2MnO2 + 3SO4-2 + 2OH0.250L MnO4- x 0.500 mol x 3 mol SO3-2
L
2MnO40.100L

1.88M

21. How is the breathalyzer reaction used to determine blood alcohol content (you might need to look
this up in your textbook)?
The breathalyzer reaction uses a spontaneous redox reaction between acidic Cr2O72- and
ethanol C2H5OH. If alcohol is present in your breath sample, it will react with a solution of
Cr2O72- reducing the orange color as it reacts to form Cr3+, which is green. The drunker you are,
the greater the reduction in orange color, which is measured with a spectrophotometer.
22. 2H+ + Mg-----> Mg+2 +H2
Oxidizing agent
H+

Reducing agent

Mg

WS #9
Page 110 of 117

Electrolytic, Electrochemical Cells & Application

Determine the half reactions for each cell and the cell voltage or minimum theoretical voltage and
overall equation.
1. Ag / Pb electrochemical cell.
Anode:
Anode reaction:
Overall reaction:

Pb
Pb --------> Pb2+
Pb + 2Ag+

Cathode:
Ag
+
+ 2e
Cathode reaction:Ag + 1e -------> Ag
-----> Pb2+ +
2Ag
Voltage: 0.93v
-

2. ZnCl2(l) electrolytic cell (electro-winning)

Anode:
Anode reaction:
Overall reaction:

C
Cathode:
C
2Cl- --------> Cl2 + 2eCathode reaction: Zn2+ + 2e- -------> Zn
2Cl- + Zn2+
-----> Cl2
+ Zn
MTV: +2.12 v

3. CuSO4(aq) electrolytic cell (electro-winning)

Anode:
C
Cathode:
C
+
2+
Anode reaction: H2O --------> 2H + 1/2O2 + 2e Cathode reaction: Cu + 2e -------> Cu
Overall reaction:
H2O + Cu2+
-----> 2H+
+ 1/2O2 + Cu
MTV: +0.48 v
4. The electrolysis of 1M NaI (electro-winning)
Anode:
Anode reaction:
Overall reaction:

C
Cathode:
C
2I- --------> I2 + 2e- Cathode reaction: 2H2O + 2e- -------> H2 + 2OH2H2O + 2I- -----> H2 + 2OH- + I2
MTV: +0.95 v

5. The reaction needed to make Al. The electrolyte is Al2O3 and its phase is molten (molten or
aqueous).
To lower the mp. from 2000 oC to 800 oC cryolite is used.
Anode:
Anode reaction:
Overall reaction:

C
Cathode:
C
23+
2O -------> O2 + 4e Cathode reaction: Al + 3e -------> Al
6O2- + 4Al3+
-----> 3O2 + 4Al

6. The reaction needed to electroplate a copper penny with silver.

Anode:
Anode reaction:
7.

Ag
Cathode:
+
Ag-----> Ag + e-

penny
Cathode reaction:

Ag+ + e- -----> Ag

The reaction needed to nickel plate a copper penny.

Page 111 of 117

Anode:
Anode reaction:
Possible Electrolyte
8.

Ni
Cathode:
Ni-----> Ni+2 + 2eNi(NO3)2

penny
Cathode reaction:

Ni2+ + 2e- -----> Ni

The reaction used in the electrorefining of lead.

Anode:
Anode reaction:

Impure Lead
Pb-----> Pb+2 + 2e-

Cathode:
Cathode reaction:

Pure Lead
Pb2+ + 2e- -----> Pb

WS # 10
Page 112 of 117

Electrolytic, Electrochemical Cells, Corrosion, & Cathodic Protection

Determine the half reactions for each cell and the cell voltage or minimum theoretical voltage.
1.

Zn / Mg electrochemical cell

Anode:
Anode reaction:
Overall reaction:
2.

The electrolytic cell used to produce Al.

Electrolyte:
Anode:
Anode reaction:
Overall reaction:

3.

C
Cathode:
C
2I- --------> I2 + 2e- Cathode reaction: 2H2O + 2e- -------> H2 + 2OH2H2O + 2I-----> H2 + 2OH- + I2
MTV: +0.95 v

The electrorefining of Pb

Anode:
Anode reaction:
5.

Al2O3
Phase (aqueous or molten)
Molten
C
Cathode:
C
23+
2O -------> O2 + 4e Cathode reaction: Al + 3e- -------> Al
6O2- + 4Al3+
-----> 3O2 + 4Al

The electrolysis KI(aq)

Anode:
Anode reaction:
Overall reaction:
4.

Mg
Cathode:
Zn
Mg --------> Mg2+ + 2e- Cathode reaction: Zn+2 + 2e- -------> Zn
Mg + Zn2+ -----> Mg2+ +
Zn
Voltage: 1.61v

Impure Lead
Pb-----> Pb+2 + 2e-

Cathode:
Cathode reaction:

Pure Lead
Pb2+ + 2e- -----> Pb

Nickel plating an iron nail.

Anode:
Anode reaction:
Possible Electrolyte

Ni
Ni-----> Ni+2 + 2eNi(NO3)2

Cathode:
nail
Cathode reaction:
Ni2+ + 2e- -----> Ni

The -ve side of the power supply is connected to the nail

6. Draw an Ag/ Zn electrochemical cell.
Anode:
Anode reaction:
Overall reaction:

Zn
Cathode:
Ag
2+
+
Zn --------> Zn
+ 2e Cathode reaction:
Ag + 1e -------> Ag
Zn + 2Ag+
-----> Zn2+ +
2Ag
Voltage: 1.56v

7. Draw a KF(l) electrolytic cell.

Anode:

Cathode:

C
Page 113 of 117

Anode reaction:
Overall reaction:

2F- --------> F2 + 2e2F- + 2K+-----> Cl2

Cathode reaction:
K+ + e- -------> K
+ K
MTV: +5.80v

8. Draw a KF(aq) electrolytic cell.

Anode:
Anode reaction:
Cathode reaction:
Overall reaction:

C
H2O --------> 2H+ + 1/2O2 + 2e2H2O + 2e- -------> H2 + 2OHH2O
-----> H2 + 1/2O2

Cathode:

MTV: +1.23 v

9. Draw a FeI2(aq) electrolytic cell.

Anode:
Anode reaction:
Overall reaction:

C
Cathode:
C
2+
2I --------> I2 + 2e
Cathode reaction: Fe + 2e -------> Fe
Fe2+ + 2I-----> Fe
+ I2
MTV: +0.99 v

10. Draw a Cd/Pb electrochemical cell. Cd is not on the reduction chart, however, the Cd electrode
gains mass and the total cell potential is .5v. Determine the half-cell potential for Cd.
Anode:
Anode reaction:
Cathode reaction:
Overall reaction:

Pb
Pb --------> Pb2+ + 2e0.13v
Cd+2 + 2e- -------> Zn
x volts
Pb + Cd2+ -----> Pb2+ +
Cd

0.13 + x = 0.50

x = 0.37v

Cathode:

Cd

Voltage: 0.50v

11. Write the overall reaction and describe the anode and cathode for a dry (Leclanche), fuel, alkaline
and lead/acid cell.

Cell

anode

anode reaction cathode cathode reaction

Leclanche or
Common Dry
Cell

Zn

Zn-->Zn+2 + 2e- C

Mn+4 +1e- -----> Mn+3

NH4Cl and MnO2

Alkaline Cell

Zn

Zn-->Zn+2 + 2e- C

Mn+4 +1e- -----> Mn+3

KOH and MnO2

Lead Storage or
Pb
Car Battery

Pb ---> Pb+2+ 2e-

PbO2

PbO2 + HSO4- + 3H+ + 2e-----> PbSO4 + 2H2O

H2SO4

Fuel Cell

H2 + 2OH- --->
2H2O + 2e-

O2 + H2O +2e-----> 2OH- KOH

electrolyte

12. 2HIO3 + 5H2SO3 ----------> I2 + 5H2SO4 + H2O

Page 114 of 117

oxidizing agent
substance reduced

HIO3
HIO3

substance oxidized
reducing agent

H2SO3
H2SO3

13.What is the electrolyte in a fuel cell? KOH

14. What is the fuel in a fuel cell?

H2 and O2

15. Describe the differences and similarities between an electrolytic and electrochemical cell.
Electrolytic

Electrochemical

Uses electricity
Nonspontaneous
Makes chemicals
Inert carbon electrodes
The negative electrode is reduction

Produces electricity
Spontaneous
Uses chemicals
Usually has a salt bridge
The higher metal is reduction

Oxidation occurs at the anode and reduction occurs at the cathode.

Anions migrate to the anode and cations migrate to the cathode.
Electrons go from anode to cathode through the wire.
16. Describe and give two examples of electrowinning.
The electrolysis of water to make H2
and O2.
The electrolysis of Al2O3 to make Al and O2.
17. Describe and give one example of electrorefinning. The electrorefinning of Pb.
18. List three metals that can be won from aqueous solution.
Cu
Fe
Sn
19. List three metals that cannot be won from aqueous solution.
Al

Na

Pb

Au

Ag

Zn

Li

Ca

Mg

20. What is the electrolyte in a fuel cell, alkaline battery, Dry Cell (Leclanche) and lead acid battery?
KOH

KOH & MnO2

NH4Cl & MnO2

PbSO4

21. State two metals that can be used to cathodically protect Fe. Describe how they protect iron from
corrosion.
Zn and Mg. When attached to Fe they form an electrochemical cell. Zn or Mg is a stronger
reducing agent (lower on the chart) and is the anode and Fe is the cathode. Since the cathode is
the site of reduction, Fe cannot oxidize or corrode.
22. Write the half reaction that describes the corrosion of iron. Fe --------> Fe2+

+2e-

23. Write the half reaction that describes the reduction reaction that occurs when iron corrodes in air
and water. 2e- + H2O + 1/2O2 ----------> 2OHPage 115 of 117

24. Why does iron corrode faster in salt water?

the rate of reaction in an electrochemical cell.

The salt acts like a salt-bridge and increases

25. Write the anode and cathode reaction in an electrolytic cell with a CaCl2 (l) electrolyte.
Cathode: Ca2+ + 2e- ---------> Ca

Anode:

2Cl- ----------> Cl2 +

2e-

26. Explain why you would choose Zn or Cu to cathodically protect iron? Zn. It is a stronger
reducing agent than Fe and it will allow Fe to be the cathode, which cannot corrode.
27. Choose a suitable redox reactant to oxidize Cl- to ClO4- in a redox titration.
MnO4- in acid gives a spontaneous reaction as well as a color change from purple to clear.
28. Describe as an electrochemical or electrolytic cell:
a) Fuel cell
electrolytic
c) Discharging a car battery
electrolytic
e) Industrial Al production
electrolytic

electrochemical

b)Charging a car battery

electrochemical

d) Ni plating

electrolytic

f) Cl2 production

29) Write the anode and cathode reactions.

Cell

anode

anode reaction cathode

cathode reaction

electrolyte

Cl2 production C

2Cl- ------> Cl2

C
+ 2e-

Na+ + e- -----> Na

NaCl(l)

Leclanche or
Zn
Common Dry Cell

Zn-->Zn+2 + 2e- C/MnO2

Mn+4 +1e- -----> Mn+3

NH4Cl and MnO2

Nickel Plating

Ni

Ni-->Ni+2 + 2e-

Metal to be
Ni2+ +2e- -----> Ni
plated

Lead Storage or
Car Battery

Pb

Pb ---> Pb+2+ 2e-

PbO2

PbO2 + SO4-2 + 4OH-1 + 2e-----> PbSO4 + 2H2O

H2SO4

Fuel Cell

H2 + 2OH- --->
2H2O + 2e-

O2 + 2H2O +4e-----> 4OH-

KOH

Ni(NO3)2

30) Al and AgNO3(aq) are mixed and the surface of the Al darkens. List the two oxidizing agents in
decreasing strength. List the two reducing agents in decreasing strength.
Oxidizing Agents

Ag+

Al3+
Page 116 of 117

Reducing Agents

Al

Ag

Page 117 of 117