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BG BG: B G B G

This document contains 4 chemistry problems involving material and energy balances with multiple unknown variables. Problem information includes flow rates, compositions, conversions, and process measurements. Systems of equations are set up and solved simultaneously to determine the unknown variables. Possible sources of error discussed include incorrect analyzer readings, reactions not at steady state, impure feeds, non-linear relationships, and extrapolating beyond calibration data ranges.

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l3anng
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
54 views

BG BG: B G B G

This document contains 4 chemistry problems involving material and energy balances with multiple unknown variables. Problem information includes flow rates, compositions, conversions, and process measurements. Systems of equations are set up and solved simultaneously to determine the unknown variables. Possible sources of error discussed include incorrect analyzer readings, reactions not at steady state, impure feeds, non-linear relationships, and extrapolating beyond calibration data ranges.

Uploaded by

l3anng
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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4.

10

a.
300 gal

b g

m1 lb m

0.750 lb m C 2 H 5OH / lb m
0.250 lb m H 2 O / lb m

b g

m3 lb m

0.600 lb m C 2 H 5OH / lb m
0.400 lb m H 2 O / lb m

b g
m blb g

4 unknowns ( m1 , m2 ,V40 , m3 )
2 balances
2 specific gravities
0 DF

V40 gal
2

0.400 lb m C 2 H 5OH / lb m
0.600 lb m H 2 O / lb m

b.

300 gal

m1

1ft 3
0.877 62.4 lb m
7.4805 gal
ft 3

Overall balance: m1 m2 m3
C2H5OH balance: 0.750m1 0.400m2
m2
Solve (1) & (2) simultaneously
1646 lb m

V40
4.11

a.

n1 mol / s

(1)
(2)

0.600m3
1646 lb m, , m3

ft 3 7.4805 gal
0.952 62.4lb m
1ft 3

3841 lb m

207 gal

3 unknowns ( n1 , n2 , n3 )
2 balances
1 DF

0.0403 mol C3 H8 / mol


0.9597 mol air / mol

2195 lb m

n2 mol air / s

n3 mol / s

0.0205 mol C3H 8 / mol


0.9795 mol air / mol

0.21 mol O 2 / mol


0.79 mol N 2 / mol

b.

Propane feed rate: 0.0403n1


Propane balance: 0.0403n1
Overall balance: 3722 n2

c.

150 n1 3722 mol / s


0.0205n3 n3 7317 mol / s
7317 n2 3600 mol / s

. The dilution rate should be greater than the value calculated to ensure that ignition is not
possible even if the fuel feed rate increases slightly.

4-5

4.12

a.

m kg / h

0.960 kg CH3OH / kg
0.040 kg H 2 O / kg

1000 kg / h
0.500 kg CH 3OH / kg

2 unknowns ( m, x )
2 balances
0 DF

0.500 kg H 2 O / kg
673 kg / h

g
x b kg H O / kgg

x kg CH3OH / kg
1
b.

Overall balance: 1000

m 673

b g

Methanol balance: 0.500 1000

m 327 kg / h

b g xb673g

0.960 327

Molar flow rates of methanol and water:


673 kg 0.276 kg CH3OH 1000 g mol CH3OH
h
kg
kg 32.0 g CH3OH

0.276 kg CH3OH / kg

5.80 103 mol CH3OH / h

673 kg 0.724 kg H 2 O 1000 g mol H 2 O


2.71 104 mol H 2 O / h
h
kg
kg 18 g H 2 O
Mole fraction of Methanol:
5.80 103
0176
. mol CH3OH / mol
5.80 103 2.71 104
c.

4.13

Analyzer is wrong, flow rates are wrong, impurities in the feed, a reaction is taking place, the
system is not at steady state.

a.

Product
Feed

Reactor

2253 kg

Reactor effluent

1239 kg

Purifier

2253 kg

R = 583

W aste

b g

R = 388

m w kg

R = 140

Analyzer Calibration Data


1

xp

x p = 0.000145R

1 .3 64 54 6

0.1

0.01
100

1000

4-6

4.13 (contd)
b. Effluent: x
p

Product: x p

1.3645

1.3645

1.3645

Waste: x p
Efficiency

c.

b g 0.494 kg P / kg
0.000145b583g
0.861 kg P / kg
0.000145b140g
0123
. kg P / kg
0.861b1239g
100% 95.8%
0.494b2253g
0.000145 388

Mass balance on purifier: 2253 1239 mw


mw
P balance on purifier:
Input: 0.494 kg P / kg 2253 kg 1113 kg P

1014 kg

gb
g
Output: b0.861 kg P / kg gb1239 kg g b0123
.
kg P / kggb1014 kg g

1192 kg P

The P balance does not close . Analyzer readings are wrong; impure feed; extrapolation
beyond analyzer calibration data is risky -- recalibrate; get data for R > 583; not at steady
state; additional reaction occurs in purifier; normal data scatter.
4.14

a.

n1 lb- mole/ h

00100
.
lb- mole H2O/ lb- mole
09900
.
lb- mole DA/ lb- mole

b
v dft / hi

n3 lb- mole/ h

0100
. lb- mole H2O/ lb- mole
0900
. lb- mole DA/ lb- mole

n2 lb- mole HO/


h
2
3

4 unknowns ( n1 , n2 , n3 , v ) 2 balances 1 density 1 meter reading = 0 DF


Assume linear relationship: v

v2
R2

Slope: a
Intercept: b

v1
R1
va

b g

aR b
96.9 40.0
1.626
50 15

aR1

b g

40.0 1.626 15

15.61 170 ft 3 / h

v2

1.626 95

n2

170 ft 3 62 .4 lb m lb - mol
h
ft 3
18.0 lb m

589 lb - moles H 2 O / h

DA balance: 0.9900n1 0.900n3


Overall balance: n1 n2 n3
Solve (1) & (2) simultaneously
n1
b.

15.61

5890 lb - moles / h, n3

(1)
(2)
6480 lb - moles / h

Bad calibration data, not at steady state, leaks, 7% value is wrong, v R relationship is not
linear, extrapolation of analyzer correlation leads to error.

4-7

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