Intermediate Number Theory

Prove that the fraction

is irreducible for every natural number .
1. 9 https://www.artofproblemsolving.com/wiki/index.php?
title=1959_IMO_Problems/Problem_1

2. 10 Show that there are no integers

for

which
.
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title=1969_Canadian_MO_Problems/Problem_7

3. 10
is an integer whose representation in base is
Find the smallest
positive integer for which
is the fourth power of an integer.
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title=1977_Canadian_MO_Problems/Problem_3
4. 9 Assume that

, , , and

are positive integers such that

,
, and
. Determine
.
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title=1985_AIME_Problems/Problem_7

5. 10 What is that largest positive integer for which

is divisible by
?
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title=1986_AIME_Problems/Problem_5
6. 9 Simon Fav. Trick Find

if

that

and

are integers such

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title=1987_AIME_Problems/Problem_5
7. 10 What is the largest positive integer

for which there is a unique integer

such that
?
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title=1987_AIME_Problems/Problem_8

8. 10 Find the smallest positive integer whose cube ends in

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title=1988_AIME_Problems/Problem_9
9. 10 Let
be a subset of
such that no two
members of
differ by or . What is the largest number of elements
have?
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title=1989_AIME_Problems/Problem_13

can

10. 10 One of Euler's conjectures was disproved in the 1960s by three American
mathematicians when they showed there was a positive integer such
that

. Find the value of

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11.9Let

. Given

that
has 3817 digits and that its first (leftmost) digit is 9, how
many elements of
have 9 as their leftmost digit?

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12.10Let

be the smallest positive integer that is a multiple of

exactly

positive integral divisors, including

and itself. Find

and has
.

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title=1990_AIME_Problems/Problem_5
13. 10 Let
How many positive integer divisors of
than but do not divide ?
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title=1995_AIME_Problems/Problem_6

are less

14. 9 Sarah intended to multiply a two-digit number and a three-digit number, but
she left out the multiplication sign and simply placed the two-digit number to the
left of the three-digit number, thereby forming a five-digit number. This number is
exactly nine times the product Sarah should have obtained. What is the sum of
the two-digit number and the three-digit number?
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title=1997_AIME_Problems/Problem_3
15. 9 Find the two
-digit numbers which become nine times as large if the
order of the digits is reversed.
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title=1997_PMWC_Problems/Problem_T9

16. 9 For how many values of

is

the least common multiple of the

positive integers
,
, and ?
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title=1998_AIME_Problems/Problem_1

17. 10 Find the sum of all positive integers for which

a perfect square.
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title=1999_AIME_Problems/Problem_3

is

18. 10 A point whose coordinates are both integers is called a lattice point. How
many lattice points lie on the hyperbola
?
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title=2000_AIME_II_Problems/Problem_2

19. 10 What is the smallest positive integer with six positive odd integer divisors
and twelve positive even integer divisors?
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title=2000_AIME_II_Problems/Problem_4
20. 9 The digits of a positive integer are four consecutive integers in
decreasing order when read from left to right. What is the sum of the possible
remainders when is divided by
?
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title=2004_AIME_I_Problems/Problem_1
21. CAT How many positive integer divisors of
are divisible by
exactly 2004 positive integers?
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title=2004_AIME_II_Problems/Problem_8
22.9The director of a marching band wishes to place the members into a

formation that includes all of them and has no unfilled positions. If they are
arranged in a square formation, there are members left over. The director
realizes that if he arranges the group in a formation with more rows than
columns, there are no members left over. Find the maximum number of members
this band can have.

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title=2005_AIME_I_Problems/Problem_4
23. 10 CAT There is one natural number with exactly 6 positive divisors, the
sum of whose reciprocals is 2. Find that natural number.

https://www.artofproblemsolving.com/wiki/index.php?
title=2005_Alabama_ARML_TST_Problems/Problem_13
24. 9 Find the least positive integer such that when its leftmost digit is deleted,
the resulting integer is
of the original integer.
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title=2006_AIME_I_Problems/Problem_3

25. CAT The sequence

common ratio where and

is geometric with
are positive integers. Given

that

and
find the

number of possible ordered pairs

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title=2006_AIME_I_Problems/Problem_9

26. 9 The integer

has 1403 digits, and 1 is its first digit (farthest to the

left). For how many integers

does
begin with the digit 1?
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title=2006_Alabama_ARML_TST_Problems/Problem_11
27.10Find the number of distinct integers in the list

where

represents the greatest integer less than or equal to

SOLVE USING A SMALLER NUMBER IN DENOMINATOR SUCH AS 5 or

7.
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title=2007_Alabama_ARML_TST_Problems/Problem_7
28.10Find the largest integer

(i)

satisfying the following conditions:

can be expressed as the difference of two consecutive cubes;

(ii)
is a perfect square.
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title=2008_AIME_II_Problems/Problem_15

29.10A repunit is a natural number whose digits are all

. For instance,

are the four smallest repunits. How many digits are there in the smallest repunit
that is divisible by
?

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title=2008_iTest_Problems/Problem_48
30. CAT Call a -digit number geometric if it has distinct digits which, when
read from left to right, form a geometric sequence. Find the difference between
the largest and smallest geometric numbers.
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31.10CATThe zeroes of the function

are integers.

What is the sum of the possible values of

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32.CAT10If

is an odd number, then find the largest integer that always divides

the expression

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title=Mock_AIME_1_2007-2008_Problems/Problem_4
33. CAT 10 When
is divided by
remainder of
is obtained. Determine the value of
.
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title=Mock_AIME_1_Pre_2005_Problems/Problem_4
34. 9 CAT Let

be the sum of all positive integers

,a

such

that
is a perfect square. Find the remainder when
divided by
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title=Mock_AIME_2_2006-2007_Problems/Problem_3

is

35. 10 (2025,3136) has the property that both numbers are perfect
squares and each digit of 3136 is 1 more than 2025. Find the set of
five digit numbers (13225, 24336)